Question 1

Figure 36-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).   Refer to the accompanying figure. The endodermis is the structure labeled as:

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6 
E)  7 
A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6 
E)  7

Question 2

While working in a soil-testing laboratory, you are given a sample of a "typical" soil to analyze. Which of the following do you correctly conclude is present in the largest amount?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  inorganic mineral particles 
C)  rocks 
D)  air 
E)  organic material 
A)  water 
B)  inorganic mineral particles 
C)  rocks 
D)  air 
E)  organic material

Question 3

The removal of dissolved materials from soil by percolating water is called illuviation .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The formation of soil by gradually breaking rock into smaller particles by biological, chemical, and physical processes is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  erosion. 
B)  inorganic synthesis. 
C)  cation exchange. 
D)  salinization. 
E)  weathering. 
A)  erosion. 
B)  inorganic synthesis. 
C)  cation exchange. 
D)  salinization. 
E)  weathering.

Question 5

The outermost layer of the stele is the pericycle .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which list of elements below is present in all biomolecules in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfur, silicon, and calcium 
B)  oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon 
C)  chlorine, iron, and zinc 
D)  phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon 
E)  potassium, oxygen, and magnesium 
A)  sulfur, silicon, and calcium 
B)  oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon 
C)  chlorine, iron, and zinc 
D)  phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon 
E)  potassium, oxygen, and magnesium

Question 7

Root hairs:

Accepted Answer

A)  protect the delicate cells of the apical meristem. 
B)  help orient the root so it will grow downward. 
C)  increase the capacity of roots to absorb water. 
D)  are sparse and extremely long. 
E)  are located at each node on the root. 
A)  protect the delicate cells of the apical meristem. 
B)  help orient the root so it will grow downward. 
C)  increase the capacity of roots to absorb water. 
D)  are sparse and extremely long. 
E)  are located at each node on the root.

Question 8

The symplast:

Accepted Answer

A)  greatly increases the surface area of the root. 
B)  is a waterproof band surrounding the endodermis. 
C)  is a continuum of living cytoplasm. 
D)  secretes suberin, which waterproofs the cells. 
E)  allows nutrient minerals to move against their concentration gradient. 
A)  greatly increases the surface area of the root. 
B)  is a waterproof band surrounding the endodermis. 
C)  is a continuum of living cytoplasm. 
D)  secretes suberin, which waterproofs the cells. 
E)  allows nutrient minerals to move against their concentration gradient.

Question 9

Why are living organisms such an important component of soil?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Bacteria and fungi

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: component of carbohydrates, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid coenzymes
osmotic and ionic balance; opening of stomata
involved in membrane permeability
component of proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, and some coenzymes
in chlorophyll, enzyme activator in carbohydrate metabolism
in cell walls; increased resistance to pests and diseases
in some amino acids and vitamins
in nucleic acids, phospholipids, and ATP

Accepted Answer

The Answer of calcium and phosphorus and sulfur and nitrogen is...

Question 11

Which statement with regard to pore spaces is false ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Minerals are removed from soil via leaching. 
B)  Water is held in the smaller pores, and air is found in the larger pores. 
C)  They occupy approximately 50% of a soil's volume. 
D)  They typically contain more carbon dioxide than found in the atmosphere. 
E)  Immediately after a heavy rain, most pore spaces remain filled with air. 
A)  Minerals are removed from soil via leaching. 
B)  Water is held in the smaller pores, and air is found in the larger pores. 
C)  They occupy approximately 50% of a soil's volume. 
D)  They typically contain more carbon dioxide than found in the atmosphere. 
E)  Immediately after a heavy rain, most pore spaces remain filled with air.

Question 12

Which statement concerning the root epidermis is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not secrete a waxy cuticle over the root hairs. 
B)  It consists of protective tissue several layers thick. 
C)  It contains large intercellular spaces among the cells. 
D)  It comprises the bulk of the eudicot root. 
E)  It is the site of storage of surplus sugars produced in the leaves. 
A)  It does not secrete a waxy cuticle over the root hairs. 
B)  It consists of protective tissue several layers thick. 
C)  It contains large intercellular spaces among the cells. 
D)  It comprises the bulk of the eudicot root. 
E)  It is the site of storage of surplus sugars produced in the leaves.

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: found outside the stele, its main function is storage
develops into vascular cambium outside the xylem arms
gives rise to lateral roots
located in the center of a eudicot root
typically contains large intercellular spaces
the outermost layer of the stele
found in monocots but not eudicots.
the specific tissue that contains Casparian strips
located in between the xylem arms
has root hairs

Accepted Answer

The Answer of endodermis and xylem and phloem and pericycle is...

Question 14

The nodules found in the roots of legumes characteristically contain mycorrhizae .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The ____ is involved in forming the lateral meristems that produce secondary growth in woody roots.

Accepted Answer

A)  endodermis 
B)  periderm 
C)  cortex 
D)  vascular cambium 
E)  pericycle 
A)  endodermis 
B)  periderm 
C)  cortex 
D)  vascular cambium 
E)  pericycle

Question 16

The bulk of an herbaceous eudicot root consists of loosely arranged parenchyma cells in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  endodermis. 
B)  pericycle. 
C)  epidermis. 
D)  cortex. 
E)  periderm. 
A)  endodermis. 
B)  pericycle. 
C)  epidermis. 
D)  cortex. 
E)  periderm.

Question 17

____ contain a waterproof fatty material called suberin.

Accepted Answer

A)  Aquaporins 
B)  Casparian strips 
C)  Vascular cylinders 
D)  Vessel elements 
E)  Plasmodesmata 
A)  Aquaporins 
B)  Casparian strips 
C)  Vascular cylinders 
D)  Vessel elements 
E)  Plasmodesmata

Question 18

The portion of a mycorrhizal fungus that penetrates the cell walls of the root cortex is called a(n) arbuscule .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Differentiate between the following specialized roots. 
A. prop root 
B. buttress root 
C. pneumatophore 
D. storage root 
E. photosynthetic root

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Prop root--develop

Question 20

Which element is a macronutrient in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium 
B)  calcium 
C)  manganese 
D)  zinc 
E)  copper 
A)  sodium 
B)  calcium 
C)  manganese 
D)  zinc 
E)  copper

Exam 36: Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Figure 36-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). Refer to the accompanying figure. The endodermis is the structure labeled as:

While working in a soil-testing laboratory, you are given a sample of a "typical" soil to analyze. Which of the following do you correctly conclude is present in the largest amount?

The removal of dissolved materials from soil by percolating water is called illuviation .

The formation of soil by gradually breaking rock into smaller particles by biological, chemical, and physical processes is known as:

The outermost layer of the stele is the pericycle .

Which list of elements below is present in all biomolecules in plants?

Root hairs:

The symplast:

Why are living organisms such an important component of soil?

Which statement with regard to pore spaces is false ?

Which statement concerning the root epidermis is true?

The nodules found in the roots of legumes characteristically contain mycorrhizae .

The ____ is involved in forming the lateral meristems that produce secondary growth in woody roots.

The bulk of an herbaceous eudicot root consists of loosely arranged parenchyma cells in the:

____ contain a waterproof fatty material called suberin.

The portion of a mycorrhizal fungus that penetrates the cell walls of the root cortex is called a(n) arbuscule .

Differentiate between the following specialized roots. A. prop root B. buttress root C. pneumatophore D. storage root E. photosynthetic root

Which element is a macronutrient in plants?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters