Question 1

Transcription factors that increase the rate of transcription by binding a target in the general transcriptional machinery and an enhancer are known specifically as:

Accepted Answer

A)  activator proteins. 
B)  leucine zipper proteins. 
C)  helix-turn-helix proteins. 
D)  zinc finger proteins. 
E)  lnc RNAs 
A)  activator proteins. 
B)  leucine zipper proteins. 
C)  helix-turn-helix proteins. 
D)  zinc finger proteins. 
E)  lnc RNAs

Question 2

Figure 14-1   Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 7 in the figure of the tryptophan operon is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  active repressor protein. 
B)  inactive repressor protein. 
C)  active RNA polymerase. 
D)  inactive RNA polymerase. 
E)  ribosome. 
A)  active repressor protein. 
B)  inactive repressor protein. 
C)  active RNA polymerase. 
D)  inactive RNA polymerase. 
E)  ribosome.

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: removal of phosphate groups by phosphatase enzymes
addition of phosphate groups by kinase enzymes
proteases and proteosomes
conversion of an inactive protein precursor into an active protein
ubiquitin-tagged proteins

Accepted Answer

The Answer of chemical modification and protein degradation and proteolytic is...

Question 4

Eukaryotes require more complex methods of gene regulation than prokaryotes because:

Accepted Answer

A)  eukaryotes have more operons than prokaryotes. 
B)  transcriptional regulation is the only form of gene regulation in eukaryotes. 
C)  all eukaryotic genes are constitutive. 
D)  eukaryotes have more genes. 
E)  individual genes must be regulated differentially in each cell type. 
A)  eukaryotes have more operons than prokaryotes. 
B)  transcriptional regulation is the only form of gene regulation in eukaryotes. 
C)  all eukaryotic genes are constitutive. 
D)  eukaryotes have more genes. 
E)  individual genes must be regulated differentially in each cell type.

Question 5

Proteolytic processing of eukaryotic proteins involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  removal of a portion of the polypeptide chain from an inactive protein precursor. 
B)  the addition of one or more functional groups to a precursor protein. 
C)  the removal of one or more functional groups from a precursor protein. 
D)  removal of histones. 
E)  removing the cap and tail of a newly synthesized protein. 
A)  removal of a portion of the polypeptide chain from an inactive protein precursor. 
B)  the addition of one or more functional groups to a precursor protein. 
C)  the removal of one or more functional groups from a precursor protein. 
D)  removal of histones. 
E)  removing the cap and tail of a newly synthesized protein.

Question 6

Genomic imprinting is an example of epigenetics. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

_____ are densely staining, highly compacted, and transcriptionally inactive regions of chromatin.

Accepted Answer

A)  Homochromatin 
B)  Heterochromatin 
C)  Histone-dependent chromatin 
D)  Primary chromatin 
E)  Euchromatin 
A)  Homochromatin 
B)  Heterochromatin 
C)  Histone-dependent chromatin 
D)  Primary chromatin 
E)  Euchromatin

Question 8

The leucine zipper has a unique structure compared to the other transcription factors because it is a(n) dimer . __________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The function of upstream promoter elements in eukaryotes, such as enhancers and silencers, is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  serve as binding sites for RNA polymerase. 
B)  regulate the efficiency of transcription initiation. 
C)  regulate RNA polymerase binding to the TATA box. 
D)  encode enhancer and silencer proteins. 
E)  add methyl groups to genes. 
A)  serve as binding sites for RNA polymerase. 
B)  regulate the efficiency of transcription initiation. 
C)  regulate RNA polymerase binding to the TATA box. 
D)  encode enhancer and silencer proteins. 
E)  add methyl groups to genes.

Question 10

Transcriptional activation of the lac operon requires both high lactose and low glucose conditions because:

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase requires CAP in order to bind to the lac operon promoter, even in the absence of the repressor. 
B)  glucose normally activates the lac operon repressor. 
C)  RNA polymerase is inactive in the presence of high glucose concentrations. 
D)  high glucose concentrations stimulate CAP activity. 
E)  glucose and lactose compete for binding to, and inactivation of, the lac operon repressor. 
A)  RNA polymerase requires CAP in order to bind to the lac operon promoter, even in the absence of the repressor. 
B)  glucose normally activates the lac operon repressor. 
C)  RNA polymerase is inactive in the presence of high glucose concentrations. 
D)  high glucose concentrations stimulate CAP activity. 
E)  glucose and lactose compete for binding to, and inactivation of, the lac operon repressor.

Question 11

Outline the various methods of gene regulation in eukaryotic cells. Include chromatin, transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels of regulation.

Accepted Answer

Answers should resem

Question 12

Translational controls regulate the:

Accepted Answer

A)  activity of a protein product. 
B)  rate at which an mRNA molecule is translated. 
C)  rate at which an mRNA molecule is synthesized. 
D)  uptake of nucleic acids into the cell. 
E)  attachment of phosphate groups to polypeptides. 
A)  activity of a protein product. 
B)  rate at which an mRNA molecule is translated. 
C)  rate at which an mRNA molecule is synthesized. 
D)  uptake of nucleic acids into the cell. 
E)  attachment of phosphate groups to polypeptides.

Question 13

Figure 14-1   Refer to the accompanying figure. The area of the tryptophan operon labeled as 3 is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  promoter. 
B)  repressor gene. 
C)  ribosome. 
D)  RNA polymerase. 
E)  operator. 
A)  promoter. 
B)  repressor gene. 
C)  ribosome. 
D)  RNA polymerase. 
E)  operator.

Question 14

The gene that codes for the repressor protein of the E. coli lac operon is constitutive; therefore, the lac operon is typically:

Accepted Answer

A)  turned off. 
B)  turned on. 
C)  unaffected by the repressor protein. 
D)  constitutive. 
E)  activated by the repressor protein.. 
A)  turned off. 
B)  turned on. 
C)  unaffected by the repressor protein. 
D)  constitutive. 
E)  activated by the repressor protein..

Question 15

Feedback inhibition is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  translational control. 
B)  transcriptional control. 
C)  posttranslational control. 
D)  a repressible system. 
E)  constitutive control 
A)  translational control. 
B)  transcriptional control. 
C)  posttranslational control. 
D)  a repressible system. 
E)  constitutive control

Question 16

The binding of active CAP to the lac operon promoter decreases the rate of transcription of the lac operon. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In the tryptophan operon, the repressor actively binds to the operator when:

Accepted Answer

A)  tryptophan binds to an allosteric site on the repressor protein, thereby activating it. 
B)  tryptophan levels are low. 
C)  lactose levels are low. 
D)  there is a great need for proteins. 
E)  allotryptophan levels are low. 
A)  tryptophan binds to an allosteric site on the repressor protein, thereby activating it. 
B)  tryptophan levels are low. 
C)  lactose levels are low. 
D)  there is a great need for proteins. 
E)  allotryptophan levels are low.

Question 18

A repressible operon is usually controlled by:

Accepted Answer

A)  an inactive repressor that allows it to be in the "on" state. 
B)  the supply of the precursor product for the enzymes. 
C)  an inactive repressor that keeps it in the "off" state. 
D)  tryptophan. 
E)  being turned "on," usually by the end product of the pathway. 
A)  an inactive repressor that allows it to be in the "on" state. 
B)  the supply of the precursor product for the enzymes. 
C)  an inactive repressor that keeps it in the "off" state. 
D)  tryptophan. 
E)  being turned "on," usually by the end product of the pathway.

Question 19

Bacterial enzymes that are part of a rarely used catabolic pathway are usually organized into a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  inducible operon 
B)  repressible operon 
C)  inducible zinc finger 
D)  repressible leucine zipper 
E)  constitutive operon 
A)  inducible operon 
B)  repressible operon 
C)  inducible zinc finger 
D)  repressible leucine zipper 
E)  constitutive operon

Question 20

An inducible operon is usually controlled by:

Accepted Answer

A)  an inducer molecule that keeps it in the "off" state. 
B)  an active repressor that keeps it in the "off" state. 
C)  being active at all times. 
D)  allolactose. 
E)  being turned "off," usually by the end product of the pathway. 
A)  an inducer molecule that keeps it in the "off" state. 
B)  an active repressor that keeps it in the "off" state. 
C)  being active at all times. 
D)  allolactose. 
E)  being turned "off," usually by the end product of the pathway.

Exam 14: Gene Regulation

Transcription factors that increase the rate of transcription by binding a target in the general transcriptional machinery and an enhancer are known specifically as:

Figure 14-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 7 in the figure of the tryptophan operon is a(n):

Eukaryotes require more complex methods of gene regulation than prokaryotes because:

Proteolytic processing of eukaryotic proteins involves:

Genomic imprinting is an example of epigenetics. __________________

_____ are densely staining, highly compacted, and transcriptionally inactive regions of chromatin.

The leucine zipper has a unique structure compared to the other transcription factors because it is a(n) dimer . __________________

The function of upstream promoter elements in eukaryotes, such as enhancers and silencers, is to:

Transcriptional activation of the lac operon requires both high lactose and low glucose conditions because:

Outline the various methods of gene regulation in eukaryotic cells. Include chromatin, transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels of regulation.

Translational controls regulate the:

Figure 14-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. The area of the tryptophan operon labeled as 3 is the:

The gene that codes for the repressor protein of the E. coli lac operon is constitutive; therefore, the lac operon is typically:

Feedback inhibition is an example of:

The binding of active CAP to the lac operon promoter decreases the rate of transcription of the lac operon. __________________

In the tryptophan operon, the repressor actively binds to the operator when:

A repressible operon is usually controlled by:

Bacterial enzymes that are part of a rarely used catabolic pathway are usually organized into a(n) __________.

An inducible operon is usually controlled by:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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