Question 1

Methylated DNA sequences typically contain ____ genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  transcriptionally active 
B)  transcriptionally inactive 
C)  constitutive 
D)  housekeeping 
E)  alternatively spliced 
A)  transcriptionally active 
B)  transcriptionally inactive 
C)  constitutive 
D)  housekeeping 
E)  alternatively spliced

Question 2

In an operon, the switch that controls mRNA synthesis is the promotor , which is a sequence of bases upstream from the first structural gene. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Some transcription factors, such as leucine zipper proteins, form homodimers or heterodimers. How does this increase the complexity of available strategies of gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

The example given in the text proposes t

Question 4

Eukaryotes have inducible genes that respond to environmental stimuli. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

DNA methylation suppresses gene expression in eukaryotes. 
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

An operon is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a group of structural genes, with no regulatory sequences. 
B)  regulatory sequences upstream of a structural gene. 
C)  a group of related structural genes, plus their associated regulatory sequences. 
D)  one structural gene plus one regulatory gene. 
E)  a group of unrelated structural genes, plus their associated regulatory sequences. 
A)  a group of structural genes, with no regulatory sequences. 
B)  regulatory sequences upstream of a structural gene. 
C)  a group of related structural genes, plus their associated regulatory sequences. 
D)  one structural gene plus one regulatory gene. 
E)  a group of unrelated structural genes, plus their associated regulatory sequences.

Question 7

Mutations in the TATA box increase the rate of transcription. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A mutation in the IGF2 gene in pigs results in a three-fold increase in the transcriptional activity of this gene in muscle cells; therefore, these pigs are leaner and more muscular. Because this mutation is located in the noncoding region of the IGF2 gene, we can infer that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the IGF2 gene is a prokaryotic gene. 
B)  the IGF2 gene is present only in muscle cells, but not in adipose (fat) cells. 
C)  the mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the IGF2 protein. 
D)  the mutation alters the regulatory region of the IGF2 gene. 
E)  less IGF2 protein is synthesized in the muscle cells of these pigs. 
A)  the IGF2 gene is a prokaryotic gene. 
B)  the IGF2 gene is present only in muscle cells, but not in adipose (fat) cells. 
C)  the mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the IGF2 protein. 
D)  the mutation alters the regulatory region of the IGF2 gene. 
E)  less IGF2 protein is synthesized in the muscle cells of these pigs.

Question 9

The general transcriptional machinery is composed of the regulatory proteins bound to the promoter of a eukaryotic gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

If a mutated region on chromosome 15 is inherited from the father, the child will have Prader-Willi syndrome; however, if the same mutated region is inherited from the mother, the child will have Angelman syndrome. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  epigenetic inheritance. 
B)  genetic inheritance. 
C)  gene amplification. 
D)  eukaryotic operons. 
E)  repressible genes. 
A)  epigenetic inheritance. 
B)  genetic inheritance. 
C)  gene amplification. 
D)  eukaryotic operons. 
E)  repressible genes.

Question 11

Explain how epigenetic inheritance (for example, DNA methylation) can result in different phenotypes observed in identical twins (who have identical DNA sequences).

Accepted Answer

Genetic inheritance refers to the inheri

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: formation of heterochromatin
degradation of mRNA
promotor and enhancer elements in DNA
protein modifications
alternative splicing
controlling access to nuclear pores

Accepted Answer

The Answer of regulation of chromatin and regulation of translation is...

Question 13

In an inducible operon, the ____ is the molecular switch that controls gene expression, while the ____ is the DNA region where RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription.

Accepted Answer

A)  repressor; inducer 
B)  inducer; repressor 
C)  operator; promoter 
D)  promoter; operator 
E)  lactose; promoter 
A)  repressor; inducer 
B)  inducer; repressor 
C)  operator; promoter 
D)  promoter; operator 
E)  lactose; promoter

Question 14

Under high tryptophan conditions, tryptophan binds to and activates the repressor protein, thereby blocking transcription of the trp operon. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  protein degradation. 
B)  negative control of inducible genes. 
C)  negative control of repressible genes 
D)  positive control of inducible genes. 
E)  positive control of repressible genes. 
A)  protein degradation. 
B)  negative control of inducible genes. 
C)  negative control of repressible genes 
D)  positive control of inducible genes. 
E)  positive control of repressible genes.

Question 15

Lactose induces the transcription of the lactose operon by:

Accepted Answer

A)  binding to the allosteric site of the repressor after being converted to allolactose. 
B)  stimulating lactose metabolism in the cell. 
C)  first being converted to glucose, then binding to the repressor. 
D)  binding to the allosteric site of RNA polymerase. 
E)  inhibiting the activity of CAP. 
A)  binding to the allosteric site of the repressor after being converted to allolactose. 
B)  stimulating lactose metabolism in the cell. 
C)  first being converted to glucose, then binding to the repressor. 
D)  binding to the allosteric site of RNA polymerase. 
E)  inhibiting the activity of CAP.

Question 16

When the intracellular level of lactose drops, the repressor protein binds to the operator of the lac operon and shuts down translation of the lac structural genes. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Processing of prokaryotic mRNA molecules, such as splicing and polyadenylation, allows for greater posttranscriptional regulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

How is enzyme activity regulated by feedback inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A)  The end product of the metabolic pathway inactivates the first enzyme in the pathway. 
B)  The end product of the metabolic pathway inactivates the last enzyme in the pathway. 
C)  The end product of the metabolic pathway induces the first enzyme in the pathway. 
D)  The end product of the metabolic pathway degrades the first enzyme in the pathway. 
E)  The end product of the metabolic pathway degrades the last enzyme in the pathway. 
A)  The end product of the metabolic pathway inactivates the first enzyme in the pathway. 
B)  The end product of the metabolic pathway inactivates the last enzyme in the pathway. 
C)  The end product of the metabolic pathway induces the first enzyme in the pathway. 
D)  The end product of the metabolic pathway degrades the first enzyme in the pathway. 
E)  The end product of the metabolic pathway degrades the last enzyme in the pathway.

Question 19

Eukaryotic transcription factors:

Accepted Answer

A)  are known as CAPs. 
B)  may be activators or repressors of transcription. 
C)  are inducers. 
D)  are corepressors. 
E)  are also known as enhancers. 
A)  are known as CAPs. 
B)  may be activators or repressors of transcription. 
C)  are inducers. 
D)  are corepressors. 
E)  are also known as enhancers.

Question 20

A TATA box is seen in ____ cells and is the site where ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  prokaryotic; RNA polymerase binds 
B)  eukaryotic; DNA ligase cleaves introns 
C)  eukaryotic; RNA polymerase binds 
D)  both prokaryotic and eukaryotic; transcription factors bind 
E)  prokaryotic; a repressor protein binds 
A)  prokaryotic; RNA polymerase binds 
B)  eukaryotic; DNA ligase cleaves introns 
C)  eukaryotic; RNA polymerase binds 
D)  both prokaryotic and eukaryotic; transcription factors bind 
E)  prokaryotic; a repressor protein binds

Exam 14: Gene Regulation

Methylated DNA sequences typically contain ____ genes.

In an operon, the switch that controls mRNA synthesis is the promotor , which is a sequence of bases upstream from the first structural gene. __________________

Some transcription factors, such as leucine zipper proteins, form homodimers or heterodimers. How does this increase the complexity of available strategies of gene regulation?

Eukaryotes have inducible genes that respond to environmental stimuli. __________________

DNA methylation suppresses gene expression in eukaryotes. ____________________

An operon is defined as:

Mutations in the TATA box increase the rate of transcription. __________________

A mutation in the IGF2 gene in pigs results in a three-fold increase in the transcriptional activity of this gene in muscle cells; therefore, these pigs are leaner and more muscular. Because this mutation is located in the noncoding region of the IGF2 gene, we can infer that:

The general transcriptional machinery is composed of the regulatory proteins bound to the promoter of a eukaryotic gene.

If a mutated region on chromosome 15 is inherited from the father, the child will have Prader-Willi syndrome; however, if the same mutated region is inherited from the mother, the child will have Angelman syndrome. This is an example of:

Explain how epigenetic inheritance (for example, DNA methylation) can result in different phenotypes observed in identical twins (who have identical DNA sequences).

In an inducible operon, the ____ is the molecular switch that controls gene expression, while the ____ is the DNA region where RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription.

Under high tryptophan conditions, tryptophan binds to and activates the repressor protein, thereby blocking transcription of the trp operon. This is an example of:

Lactose induces the transcription of the lactose operon by:

When the intracellular level of lactose drops, the repressor protein binds to the operator of the lac operon and shuts down translation of the lac structural genes. __________________

Processing of prokaryotic mRNA molecules, such as splicing and polyadenylation, allows for greater posttranscriptional regulation.

How is enzyme activity regulated by feedback inhibition?

Eukaryotic transcription factors:

A TATA box is seen in ____ cells and is the site where ____.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

In an inducible operon, the is the molecular switch that controls gene expression, while the is the DNA region where RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription.

A TATA box is seen in cells and is the site where .