Question 1

Which source of emboli introduces antigens,cells,and protein aggregates that trigger an immune response within the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amniotic fluid 
B)  Fat 
C)  Bacteria 
D)  Air 
A)  Amniotic fluid 
B)  Fat 
C)  Bacteria 
D)  Air

Question 2

Which valvular disorder is thought to have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern,to be associated with connective tissue disease that tends to be most prevalent in young women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitral valve prolapse 
B)  Tricuspid stenosis 
C)  Tricuspid valve prolapse 
D)  Aortic insufficiency 
A)  Mitral valve prolapse 
B)  Tricuspid stenosis 
C)  Tricuspid valve prolapse 
D)  Aortic insufficiency

Question 3

Which is a description of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)?

Accepted Answer

A)  An inflammatory disorder of small- and medium-sized arteries in the feet and sometimes in the hands 
B)  A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers,and less commonly the toes 
C)  An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities 
D)  A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities 
A)  An inflammatory disorder of small- and medium-sized arteries in the feet and sometimes in the hands 
B)  A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers,and less commonly the toes 
C)  An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities 
D)  A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper extremities

Question 4

What is the expected electrocardiogram pattern for a patient when a thrombus in a coronary artery lodges permanently in the vessel and the infarction extends through the myocardium from the endocardium to the epicardium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prolonged Q-T interval 
B)  ST elevation (STEMI) 
C)  ST depression (STDMI) 
D)  Non-ST elevation (non-STEMI) 
A)  Prolonged Q-T interval 
B)  ST elevation (STEMI) 
C)  ST depression (STDMI) 
D)  Non-ST elevation (non-STEMI)

Question 5

In systolic heart failure,what effect does angiotensin II have on stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases preload and decreases afterload 
B)  Increases preload and increases afterload 
C)  Decreases preload and increases afterload 
D)  Decreases preload and decreases afterload 
A)  Increases preload and decreases afterload 
B)  Increases preload and increases afterload 
C)  Decreases preload and increases afterload 
D)  Decreases preload and decreases afterload

Question 6

When scar tissue replaces the myocardium after a myocardial infarction (MI),the forming scar tissue is very mushy and vulnerable to injury at about day _____ after MI.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 to 9 
B)  10 to 14 
C)  15 to 20 
D)  20 to 30 
A)  5 to 9 
B)  10 to 14 
C)  15 to 20 
D)  20 to 30

Question 7

Decreasing low-density lipoproteins (LDL)can cause regression of atherosclerotic lesions and improve endothelial function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL)in atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes smooth muscle proliferation. 
B)  It causes regression of atherosclerotic plaques. 
C)  It increases levels of inflammatory cytokines. 
D)  It directs macrophages to the site within the endothelium. 
A)  It causes smooth muscle proliferation. 
B)  It causes regression of atherosclerotic plaques. 
C)  It increases levels of inflammatory cytokines. 
D)  It directs macrophages to the site within the endothelium.

Question 9

What are clinical manifestations of aortic stenosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jugular vein distension 
B)  Bounding pulses 
C)  Peripheral edema 
D)  Dyspnea on exertion 
A)  Jugular vein distension 
B)  Bounding pulses 
C)  Peripheral edema 
D)  Dyspnea on exertion

Question 10

How does nicotine increase atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  By the release of histamine 
B)  By decreasing nitric oxide 
C)  By the release of angiotensin II 
D)  By the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine 
A)  By the release of histamine 
B)  By decreasing nitric oxide 
C)  By the release of angiotensin II 
D)  By the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 11

_____ are manufactured by the liver and primarily contains cholesterol and protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) 
B)  Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) 
C)  High-density lipoproteins (HDL) 
D)  Triglycerides (TG) 
A)  Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) 
B)  Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) 
C)  High-density lipoproteins (HDL) 
D)  Triglycerides (TG)

Exam 29: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Which source of emboli introduces antigens,cells,and protein aggregates that trigger an immune response within the bloodstream?

Which valvular disorder is thought to have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern,to be associated with connective tissue disease that tends to be most prevalent in young women?

Which is a description of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)?

What is the expected electrocardiogram pattern for a patient when a thrombus in a coronary artery lodges permanently in the vessel and the infarction extends through the myocardium from the endocardium to the epicardium?

In systolic heart failure,what effect does angiotensin II have on stroke volume?

When scar tissue replaces the myocardium after a myocardial infarction (MI),the forming scar tissue is very mushy and vulnerable to injury at about day _____ after MI.

Decreasing low-density lipoproteins (LDL)can cause regression of atherosclerotic lesions and improve endothelial function.

What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL)in atherosclerosis?

What are clinical manifestations of aortic stenosis?

How does nicotine increase atherosclerosis?

_____ are manufactured by the liver and primarily contains cholesterol and protein.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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