Question 1

How are glucose and insulin used to treat hyperkalemia associated with acute renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose has an osmotic effect,which attracts water and sodium resulting in more dilute blood and a lower potassium concentration. 
B)  When insulin transports glucose into the cell,it also carries potassium with it. 
C)  Potassium attaches to receptors on the cell membrane of glucose and is carried into the cell. 
D)  Increasing insulin causes ketoacidosis,which causes potassium to move into the cell in exchange for hydrogen. 
A)  Glucose has an osmotic effect,which attracts water and sodium resulting in more dilute blood and a lower potassium concentration. 
B)  When insulin transports glucose into the cell,it also carries potassium with it. 
C)  Potassium attaches to receptors on the cell membrane of glucose and is carried into the cell. 
D)  Increasing insulin causes ketoacidosis,which causes potassium to move into the cell in exchange for hydrogen. B

Question 2

From which cells does renal cell carcinoma arise?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal tubule epithelial cells 
B)  Distal tubule epithelial cells 
C)  Nephron epithelial cells 
D)  Glomerulus epithelial cells 
A)  Proximal tubule epithelial cells 
B)  Distal tubule epithelial cells 
C)  Nephron epithelial cells 
D)  Glomerulus epithelial cells A

Question 3

Goodpasture syndrome is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  antiglomerular basement membrane disease. 
B)  acute glomerulonephritis. 
C)  chronic glomerulonephritis. 
D)  immunoglobulin A (Ig
A) nephropathy. 
A)  antiglomerular basement membrane disease. 
B)  acute glomerulonephritis. 
C)  chronic glomerulonephritis. 
D)  immunoglobulin A (Ig
A) nephropathy. A

Question 4

Which antibiotics are considered "major culprits" in causing nephrotoxic acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Penicillin,methicillin,and ampicillin 
B)  Vancomycin,bacitracin,and imipenem-cilastatin 
C)  Neomycin,gentamicin,and tobramycin 
D)  Cefazolin,ceftriaxone,and cefepime 
A)  Penicillin,methicillin,and ampicillin 
B)  Vancomycin,bacitracin,and imipenem-cilastatin 
C)  Neomycin,gentamicin,and tobramycin 
D)  Cefazolin,ceftriaxone,and cefepime

Question 5

Match the predisposing factors causing pyelonephritis to the pathology mechanism.
-Obstruction and stasis of urine contributing to bacteremia and hydronephrosis;irritation of epithelial lining with entrapment of bacteria

Accepted Answer

A) Kidney stones 
B) Vesicoureteral reflux 
C) Pregnancy 
D) Neurogenic bladder 
E) Female sexual trauma 
A) Kidney stones 
B) Vesicoureteral reflux 
C) Pregnancy 
D) Neurogenic bladder 
E) Female sexual trauma

Question 6

Match the predisposing factors causing pyelonephritis to the pathology mechanism.
-Impairment to the bladder interferes with normal bladder contraction causing residual urine and ascending infection

Accepted Answer

A) Kidney stones 
B) Vesicoureteral reflux 
C) Pregnancy 
D) Neurogenic bladder 
E) Female sexual trauma 
A) Kidney stones 
B) Vesicoureteral reflux 
C) Pregnancy 
D) Neurogenic bladder 
E) Female sexual trauma

Question 7

What is the most common type of renal stone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Magnesium-ammonium-phosphate 
B)  Uric acid 
C)  Calcium oxalate 
D)  Magnesium phosphate 
E)  Ammonium acid urate 
A)  Magnesium-ammonium-phosphate 
B)  Uric acid 
C)  Calcium oxalate 
D)  Magnesium phosphate 
E)  Ammonium acid urate

Question 8

Pyelonephritis is usually caused by antibody-coated:

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteriA. 
B)  fungi. 
C)  viruses. 
D)  parasites. 
A)  bacteriA. 
B)  fungi. 
C)  viruses. 
D)  parasites.

Question 9

Which kidney disorder is characterized by hypoalbuminemia,edema,hyperlipidemia and lipiduria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nephrotic syndrome 
B)  Acute glomerulonephritis 
C)  Chronic glomerulonephritis 
D)  Pyelonephritis 
A)  Nephrotic syndrome 
B)  Acute glomerulonephritis 
C)  Chronic glomerulonephritis 
D)  Pyelonephritis

Question 10

Which urine characteristics below are indicative of acute tubular necrosis (ATN)caused by intrinsic (intrarenal)failure?

Accepted Answer

A) Urine sodium >30 mEq/L B) Urine osmolality >500 mOsm C) Fraction excretion of sodium (FENa)<1% D) Urine sediment has no cells,some hyaline casts A) Urine sodium >30 mEq/L B) Urine osmolality >500 mOsm C) Fraction excretion of sodium (FENa)<1% D) Urine sediment has no cells,some hyaline casts

Question 11

A patient has hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day with albumin as the major protein.These data suggest the presence of which disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cystitis 
B)  Chronic pyelonephritis 
C)  Renal carcinoma 
D)  Nephrotic syndrome 
E)  Glomerulonephritis 
A)  Cystitis 
B)  Chronic pyelonephritis 
C)  Renal carcinoma 
D)  Nephrotic syndrome 
E)  Glomerulonephritis

Question 12

Match the predisposing factors causing pyelonephritis to the pathology mechanism.
-Movement of organisms from urethra into the bladder with infection and retrograde spread to the kidney

Accepted Answer

A) Kidney stones 
B) Vesicoureteral reflux 
C) Pregnancy 
D) Neurogenic bladder 
E) Female sexual trauma 
A) Kidney stones 
B) Vesicoureteral reflux 
C) Pregnancy 
D) Neurogenic bladder 
E) Female sexual trauma

Question 13

Which neurologic disorder would be more likely to cause functional obstruction of the bladder outlet in addition to neurogenic detrusor overactivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brain tumor 
B)  Traumatic brain injury 
C)  Cerebrovascular accident 
D)  Spinal cord injury 
A)  Brain tumor 
B)  Traumatic brain injury 
C)  Cerebrovascular accident 
D)  Spinal cord injury

Question 14

Creatinine is constantly released from _____ tissue and excreted primarily by glomerular filtration.

Accepted Answer

A)  nervous 
B)  kidney 
C)  muscle 
D)  liver 
A)  nervous 
B)  kidney 
C)  muscle 
D)  liver

Question 15

When the right kidney is obstructed,the nephrons in the left kidney increase in size to compensate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

MATCHING
Match the causes of acute renal failure with examples of specific disorders.
-Renal vasoconstriction

Accepted Answer

A) Prerenal 
B) Intrarenal 
C) Postrenal 
A) Prerenal 
B) Intrarenal 
C) Postrenal

Question 17

Bladder cancer is associated with mutation of which gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  c-erbB2 
B)  HER2 
C)  p53 
D)  myc 
A)  c-erbB2 
B)  HER2 
C)  p53 
D)  myc

Question 18

Which abnormal lab value is found in glomerular disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low creatinine 
B)  Low blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 
C)  Low immunoglobulin A (Ig
A)  
D)  Low serum complement 
A)  Low creatinine 
B)  Low blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 
C)  Low immunoglobulin A (Ig
A)  
D)  Low serum complement

Question 19

How does proteinuria cause edema?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of plasma albumin from the distal tubules causes an obstruction the collecting tubules,causing urine to back up into kidneys and ultimately the systemic circulation. 
B)  Loss of plasma albumin decreases plasma volume,which prevents the stimulation of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)from the posterior pituitary. 
C)  Loss of plasma albumin decreases plasma volume,which turns off the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. 
D)  Loss of plasma albumin decreases the plasma oncotic pressure,which normally holds water in the capillaries. 
A)  Loss of plasma albumin from the distal tubules causes an obstruction the collecting tubules,causing urine to back up into kidneys and ultimately the systemic circulation. 
B)  Loss of plasma albumin decreases plasma volume,which prevents the stimulation of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)from the posterior pituitary. 
C)  Loss of plasma albumin decreases plasma volume,which turns off the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. 
D)  Loss of plasma albumin decreases the plasma oncotic pressure,which normally holds water in the capillaries.

Question 20

MATCHING
Match the causes of acute renal failure with examples of specific disorders.
-Acute glomerulonephritis

Accepted Answer

A) Prerenal 
B) Intrarenal 
C) Postrenal 
A) Prerenal 
B) Intrarenal 
C) Postrenal

Exam 34: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

How are glucose and insulin used to treat hyperkalemia associated with acute renal failure?

From which cells does renal cell carcinoma arise?

Goodpasture syndrome is an example of:

Which antibiotics are considered "major culprits" in causing nephrotoxic acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?

Match the predisposing factors causing pyelonephritis to the pathology mechanism. -Obstruction and stasis of urine contributing to bacteremia and hydronephrosis;irritation of epithelial lining with entrapment of bacteria

Match the predisposing factors causing pyelonephritis to the pathology mechanism. -Impairment to the bladder interferes with normal bladder contraction causing residual urine and ascending infection

What is the most common type of renal stone?

Pyelonephritis is usually caused by antibody-coated:

Which kidney disorder is characterized by hypoalbuminemia,edema,hyperlipidemia and lipiduria?

Which urine characteristics below are indicative of acute tubular necrosis (ATN)caused by intrinsic (intrarenal)failure?

A patient has hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day with albumin as the major protein.These data suggest the presence of which disorder?

Match the predisposing factors causing pyelonephritis to the pathology mechanism. -Movement of organisms from urethra into the bladder with infection and retrograde spread to the kidney

Which neurologic disorder would be more likely to cause functional obstruction of the bladder outlet in addition to neurogenic detrusor overactivity?

Creatinine is constantly released from _____ tissue and excreted primarily by glomerular filtration.

When the right kidney is obstructed,the nephrons in the left kidney increase in size to compensate.

MATCHING Match the causes of acute renal failure with examples of specific disorders. -Renal vasoconstriction

Bladder cancer is associated with mutation of which gene?

Which abnormal lab value is found in glomerular disorders?

How does proteinuria cause edema?

MATCHING Match the causes of acute renal failure with examples of specific disorders. -Acute glomerulonephritis

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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