Question 1

How are most protein hormones transported in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bound to a lipid-soluble carrier 
B)  Free in an unbound,water-soluble form 
C)  Bound to a water-soluble binding protein 
D)  Free because of their lipid-soluble chemistry 
A)  Bound to a lipid-soluble carrier 
B)  Free in an unbound,water-soluble form 
C)  Bound to a water-soluble binding protein 
D)  Free because of their lipid-soluble chemistry B

Question 2

Which mineral is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron 
B)  Zinc 
C)  Iodide 
D)  Copper 
A)  Iron 
B)  Zinc 
C)  Iodide 
D)  Copper C

Question 3

Which electrolyte does insulin transport in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium 
B)  Calcium 
C)  Sodium 
D)  Magnesium 
A)  Potassium 
B)  Calcium 
C)  Sodium 
D)  Magnesium A

Question 4

A surgical patient just arrived on the unit from the post-anesthesia care unit.This patient's respirations are 4 per minute and shallow.As the nurse calls for assistance,the patient suddenly feels jittery and breathing quickens.Which of the following feedback loops is operating for the nurse in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The central nervous system stimulates hypothalamus-releasing factor,which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)and stimulates the release of thyroxine (T4)and triiodothyronine (T3). 
B)  The central nervous system directly stimulates the release of insulin,which reduces blood glucose levels. 
C)  The central nervous system directly stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine and stimulates hypothalamus-releasing factor,which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH),stimulating the release of cortisol. 
D)  The central nervous system stimulates the hypothalamus to synthesize oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone,which are secreted by the posterior pituitary,activating uterine contraction and renal absorption of water. 
A)  The central nervous system stimulates hypothalamus-releasing factor,which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)and stimulates the release of thyroxine (T4)and triiodothyronine (T3). 
B)  The central nervous system directly stimulates the release of insulin,which reduces blood glucose levels. 
C)  The central nervous system directly stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine and stimulates hypothalamus-releasing factor,which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH),stimulating the release of cortisol. 
D)  The central nervous system stimulates the hypothalamus to synthesize oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone,which are secreted by the posterior pituitary,activating uterine contraction and renal absorption of water.

Question 5

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
B)  Thyroxine (T4) 
C)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
D)  Triiodothyronine (T3) 
A)  Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
B)  Thyroxine (T4) 
C)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
D)  Triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 6

Aldosterone synthesis and secretion are primarily regulated by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  liver. 
B)  renin-angiotensin system. 
C)  adrenal glands. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
A)  liver. 
B)  renin-angiotensin system. 
C)  adrenal glands. 
D)  hypothalamus.

Question 7

Osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus do not affect the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located:

Accepted Answer

A)  inside the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm. 
B)  on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. 
C)  inside the mitochondria. 
D)  on the inner surface of the plasma membrane. 
A)  inside the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm. 
B)  on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. 
C)  inside the mitochondria. 
D)  on the inner surface of the plasma membrane.

Question 9

A person who has experienced physiologic stresses will have increased levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
B)  Thyroid hormones 
C)  Somatostatin 
D)  Alpha endorphin 
A)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
B)  Thyroid hormones 
C)  Somatostatin 
D)  Alpha endorphin

Question 10

Glucagon is synthesized by the ß-cells of the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Somatostatin produced by the hypothalamus inhibits the release of growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Deficiencies in calcitonin lead to hypocalcemia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Hormones are effective communicators because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  are regularly synthesized in response to cellular and tissue activities. 
B)  increase their secretion in response to rising hormone levels. 
C)  are rapidly degraded once they enter the cell. 
D)  decrease their secretion in response to rising plasma hormone levels. 
A)  are regularly synthesized in response to cellular and tissue activities. 
B)  increase their secretion in response to rising hormone levels. 
C)  are rapidly degraded once they enter the cell. 
D)  decrease their secretion in response to rising plasma hormone levels.

Question 14

Calcium is rigidly controlled within cells.It is highly regulated because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  is controlled by the calcium negative-feedback loop. 
B)  is continuously synthesized. 
C)  acts as a second messenger. 
D)  carries lipid-soluble hormones in the bloodstream. 
A)  is controlled by the calcium negative-feedback loop. 
B)  is continuously synthesized. 
C)  acts as a second messenger. 
D)  carries lipid-soluble hormones in the bloodstream.

Question 15

MATCHING
Match the anatomic structure with its hormone.(Names of structures may be used more than once. )
-Calcitonin

Accepted Answer

A) Anterior pituitary 
B) Posterior pituitary 
C) Thyroid 
D) Adrenal cortex 
E) Adrenal medulla 
A) Anterior pituitary 
B) Posterior pituitary 
C) Thyroid 
D) Adrenal cortex 
E) Adrenal medulla

Question 16

What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypothalamus 
B)  Anterior pituitary 
C)  Mammary glands 
D)  Posterior pituitary 
A)  Hypothalamus 
B)  Anterior pituitary 
C)  Mammary glands 
D)  Posterior pituitary

Question 17

Which of the following is a protein hormone that is water soluble?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thyroxine (T4) 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
D)  Insulin 
A)  Thyroxine (T4) 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
D)  Insulin

Question 18

What is the action of calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases metabolism 
B)  Decreases metabolism 
C)  Increases serum calcium 
D)  Decreases serum calcium 
A)  Increases metabolism 
B)  Decreases metabolism 
C)  Increases serum calcium 
D)  Decreases serum calcium

Question 19

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)directly affects melanocyte stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Target cells for parathyroid hormone (PTH)are located in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  tubules of nephrons. 
B)  thyroid gland. 
C)  glomeruli of nephrons. 
D)  smooth and skeletal muscles. 
A)  tubules of nephrons. 
B)  thyroid gland. 
C)  glomeruli of nephrons. 
D)  smooth and skeletal muscles.

Exam 20: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

How are most protein hormones transported in the bloodstream?

Which mineral is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

Which electrolyte does insulin transport in the cell?

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels?

Aldosterone synthesis and secretion are primarily regulated by the:

Osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus do not affect the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located:

A person who has experienced physiologic stresses will have increased levels of which hormone?

Glucagon is synthesized by the ß-cells of the pancreas.

Somatostatin produced by the hypothalamus inhibits the release of growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone.

Deficiencies in calcitonin lead to hypocalcemia.

Hormones are effective communicators because they:

Calcium is rigidly controlled within cells.It is highly regulated because it:

MATCHING Match the anatomic structure with its hormone.(Names of structures may be used more than once. ) -Calcitonin

What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor?

Which of the following is a protein hormone that is water soluble?

What is the action of calcitonin?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)directly affects melanocyte stimulation.

Target cells for parathyroid hormone (PTH)are located in the:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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