Question 1

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding examples.Terms may be used more than once.
-Changes in gonads as hormonal stimulation decreases

Accepted Answer

A) Physiologic atrophy 
B) Pathologic atrophy 
C) Physiologic hypertrophy 
D) Pathologic hypertrophy 
E) Compensatory hyperplasia 
A) Physiologic atrophy 
B) Pathologic atrophy 
C) Physiologic hypertrophy 
D) Pathologic hypertrophy 
E) Compensatory hyperplasia A

Question 3

Hemosiderosis is a condition in which excess _____ is stored as hemosiderin in cells of many organs and tissues.

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin 
B)  ferritin 
C)  iron 
D)  transferrin 
A)  hemoglobin 
B)  ferritin 
C)  iron 
D)  transferrin C

Question 4

What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymatic digestion halts DNA synthesis. 
B)  Influx of calcium ions halts the ATP production. 
C)  Reduction in ATP production caused by edema from an influx in sodium. 
D)  Shift of potassium out of the mitochondria,which destroys the infrastructure. 
A)  Enzymatic digestion halts DNA synthesis. 
B)  Influx of calcium ions halts the ATP production. 
C)  Reduction in ATP production caused by edema from an influx in sodium. 
D)  Shift of potassium out of the mitochondria,which destroys the infrastructure.

Question 5

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding examples.Terms may be used more than once.
-Liver regeneration

Accepted Answer

A) Physiologic atrophy 
B) Pathologic atrophy 
C) Physiologic hypertrophy 
D) Pathologic hypertrophy 
E) Compensatory hyperplasia 
A) Physiologic atrophy 
B) Pathologic atrophy 
C) Physiologic hypertrophy 
D) Pathologic hypertrophy 
E) Compensatory hyperplasia

Question 6

The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  compensatory hyperplasiA. 
B)  hormonal hyperplasia. 
C)  hormonal anaplasia. 
D)  hormonal dysplasia. 
A)  compensatory hyperplasiA. 
B)  hormonal hyperplasia. 
C)  hormonal anaplasia. 
D)  hormonal dysplasia.

Question 7

What mechanisms occur in the liver after lipid accumulation in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Accumulation of lipids obstruct the common bile duct preventing flow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder 
B)  Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of apoproteins. 
C)  Increased binding of lipids with apoproteins to form lipoproteins 
D)  Increased conversion of fatty acids to phospholipids 
A)  Accumulation of lipids obstruct the common bile duct preventing flow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder 
B)  Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of apoproteins. 
C)  Increased binding of lipids with apoproteins to form lipoproteins 
D)  Increased conversion of fatty acids to phospholipids

Question 8

During ischemia,what effect does the loss of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)level have on cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells shrink because of the influx of calcium (Ca). 
B)  Cells shrink because of the influx of potassium chloride (KCl). 
C)  Cells swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl). 
D)  Cells swell because of the influx of nitric oxide (NO). 
A)  Cells shrink because of the influx of calcium (Ca). 
B)  Cells shrink because of the influx of potassium chloride (KCl). 
C)  Cells swell because of the influx of sodium chloride (NaCl). 
D)  Cells swell because of the influx of nitric oxide (NO).

Question 9

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding examples.Terms may be used more than once.
-Increases in the size of the uterus and breasts during pregnancy

Accepted Answer

A) Physiologic atrophy 
B) Pathologic atrophy 
C) Physiologic hypertrophy 
D) Pathologic hypertrophy 
E) Compensatory hyperplasia 
A) Physiologic atrophy 
B) Pathologic atrophy 
C) Physiologic hypertrophy 
D) Pathologic hypertrophy 
E) Compensatory hyperplasia

Question 10

A patient with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that the normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells.The patient is correctly told that this process could be reversed if he quits smoking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

How do free radicals cause cell damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  By stealing the cell's oxygen to stabilize the electron,thus causing hypoxia 
B)  By stimulating the release of lysosomal enzymes that digest the cell membranes 
C)  By transferring one of its charged,stabilized atoms to the cell membrane causing lysis 
D)  By giving up an electron causing injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane 
A)  By stealing the cell's oxygen to stabilize the electron,thus causing hypoxia 
B)  By stimulating the release of lysosomal enzymes that digest the cell membranes 
C)  By transferring one of its charged,stabilized atoms to the cell membrane causing lysis 
D)  By giving up an electron causing injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane

Question 12

How does carbon monoxide cause tissue damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  By competing with carbon dioxide so that it cannot be excreted 
B)  By binding to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen 
C)  By destroying the chemical bonds of hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen 
D)  By removing iron from hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen 
A)  By competing with carbon dioxide so that it cannot be excreted 
B)  By binding to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen 
C)  By destroying the chemical bonds of hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen 
D)  By removing iron from hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen

Question 13

What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coagulative necrosis 
B)  Liquefactive necrosis 
C)  Caseous necrosis 
D)  Gangrene necrosis 
A)  Coagulative necrosis 
B)  Liquefactive necrosis 
C)  Caseous necrosis 
D)  Gangrene necrosis

Question 14

Irreversible damage to the myocardium can be detected by elevation in the contractile protein called troponin,which is released from the myocardial muscle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coagulative necrosis 
B)  Liquefactive necrosis 
C)  Caseous necrosis 
D)  Gangrene necrosis 
A)  Coagulative necrosis 
B)  Liquefactive necrosis 
C)  Caseous necrosis 
D)  Gangrene necrosis

Question 16

The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  dysplasiA. 
B)  pathologic dysplasia. 
C)  hyperplasia. 
D)  pathologic hyperplasia. 
A)  dysplasiA. 
B)  pathologic dysplasia. 
C)  hyperplasia. 
D)  pathologic hyperplasia.

Question 17

When the heart's workload increases,what changes occur to the myocardial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They divide. 
B)  They increase in size. 
C)  They increase in number. 
D)  They undergo metaplasia. 
A)  They divide. 
B)  They increase in size. 
C)  They increase in number. 
D)  They undergo metaplasia.

Question 18

Noise,illumination,and prolonged vibrations can cause cellular injury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypoxic injury 
B)  Chemical injury 
C)  Infectious injury 
D)  Genetic injury 
A)  Hypoxic injury 
B)  Chemical injury 
C)  Infectious injury 
D)  Genetic injury

Question 20

During cell injury caused by hypoxia,why is there an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because plasma proteins enter the cell 
B)  Because the ATPase-driven pump is stronger during hypoxia 
C)  Because sodium chloride enters the cell 
D)  Because there is an influx of glucose through the injured cell membranes 
A)  Because plasma proteins enter the cell 
B)  Because the ATPase-driven pump is stronger during hypoxia 
C)  Because sodium chloride enters the cell 
D)  Because there is an influx of glucose through the injured cell membranes

Exam 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together.

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding examples.Terms may be used more than once. -Changes in gonads as hormonal stimulation decreases

Hemosiderosis is a condition in which excess _____ is stored as hemosiderin in cells of many organs and tissues.

What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding examples.Terms may be used more than once. -Liver regeneration

The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:

What mechanisms occur in the liver after lipid accumulation in liver cells?

During ischemia,what effect does the loss of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)level have on cells?

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding examples.Terms may be used more than once. -Increases in the size of the uterus and breasts during pregnancy

A patient with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that the normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells.The patient is correctly told that this process could be reversed if he quits smoking.

How do free radicals cause cell damage?

How does carbon monoxide cause tissue damage?

What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene?

Irreversible damage to the myocardium can be detected by elevation in the contractile protein called troponin,which is released from the myocardial muscle.

What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells?

The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:

When the heart's workload increases,what changes occur to the myocardial cells?

Noise,illumination,and prolonged vibrations can cause cellular injury.

What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?

During cell injury caused by hypoxia,why is there an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell?

Cellular Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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