Question 1

Removal of part of the liver leads to _____ of the remaining liver cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  dysplasia 
B)  metaplasia 
C)  compensatory hyperplasia 
D)  compensatory dysplasia 
A)  dysplasia 
B)  metaplasia 
C)  compensatory hyperplasia 
D)  compensatory dysplasia

Question 2

What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteriologic necrosis 
B)  Caseous necrosis 
C)  Liquefactive necrosis 
D)  Gangrenous necrosis 
A)  Bacteriologic necrosis 
B)  Caseous necrosis 
C)  Liquefactive necrosis 
D)  Gangrenous necrosis

Question 3

After ovulation,the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen;this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  hormonal hyperplasiA. 
B)  hormonal dysplasia. 
C)  hormonal hypertrophy. 
D)  hormonal anaplasia. 
A)  hormonal hyperplasiA. 
B)  hormonal dysplasia. 
C)  hormonal hypertrophy. 
D)  hormonal anaplasia.

Question 4

What is the most common site of lipid accumulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coronary and other arteries 
B)  Kidneys 
C)  Liver 
D)  Subcutaneous tissue 
A)  Coronary and other arteries 
B)  Kidneys 
C)  Liver 
D)  Subcutaneous tissue

Question 5

What causes hemoprotein accumulations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excessive storage of iron,which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream 
B)  Excessive storage of hemoglobin,which is transferred from the bloodstream to the cells 
C)  Excessive storage of albumin,which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream 
D)  Excessive storage of amino acids,which are transferred from the cells to the bloodstream 
A)  Excessive storage of iron,which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream 
B)  Excessive storage of hemoglobin,which is transferred from the bloodstream to the cells 
C)  Excessive storage of albumin,which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream 
D)  Excessive storage of amino acids,which are transferred from the cells to the bloodstream

Question 6

What,if any,is the difference between subdural hematoma and epidural hematoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no difference.These terms may be used interchangeably. 
B)  A subdural hematoma occurs above the dura,whereas an epidural hematoma occurs under the dura. 
C)  A subdural hematoma usually is formed from venous blood that collects slowly,whereas an epidural hematoma is formed from arterial blood that collects rapidly. 
D)  A subdural hematoma usually forms from bleeding within the skull such as an aneurysm eruption,whereas an epidural hematoma occurs from trauma outside the skull such as a blunt force trauma. 
A)  There is no difference.These terms may be used interchangeably. 
B)  A subdural hematoma occurs above the dura,whereas an epidural hematoma occurs under the dura. 
C)  A subdural hematoma usually is formed from venous blood that collects slowly,whereas an epidural hematoma is formed from arterial blood that collects rapidly. 
D)  A subdural hematoma usually forms from bleeding within the skull such as an aneurysm eruption,whereas an epidural hematoma occurs from trauma outside the skull such as a blunt force trauma.

Question 7

What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs halting DNA synthesis. 
B)  Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs halting the ATP production. 
C)  Edema of the Golgi body occurs preventing the transport of proteins out of the cell. 
D)  Shift of calcium out of the plasma membrane occurs destroying the cytoskeleton. 
A)  Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs halting DNA synthesis. 
B)  Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs halting the ATP production. 
C)  Edema of the Golgi body occurs preventing the transport of proteins out of the cell. 
D)  Shift of calcium out of the plasma membrane occurs destroying the cytoskeleton.

Question 8

Lead causes damage within the cell by interfering with the action of:

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium and chloride. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  adenosine triphosphate (ATP). 
A)  sodium and chloride. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Question 9

Dysplastic changes may be reversible,but may become malignant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding examples.Terms may be used more than once.
-Causes myocardial enlargement as a result of dilated cardiac chambers

Accepted Answer

A) Physiologic atrophy 
B) Pathologic atrophy 
C) Physiologic hypertrophy 
D) Pathologic hypertrophy 
E) Compensatory hyperplasia 
A) Physiologic atrophy 
B) Pathologic atrophy 
C) Physiologic hypertrophy 
D) Pathologic hypertrophy 
E) Compensatory hyperplasia

Question 11

In decompression sickness (the bends),bubbles of _____ form emboli.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  hydrogen 
A)  oxygen 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  hydrogen

Question 12

Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease 
B)  Renal diseases such as acute tubular necrosis and glomerulonephritis 
C)  Gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcer disease and Crohn disease 
D)  Muscular disease such as muscular dystrophy and fibromyalgia 
A)  Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease 
B)  Renal diseases such as acute tubular necrosis and glomerulonephritis 
C)  Gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcer disease and Crohn disease 
D)  Muscular disease such as muscular dystrophy and fibromyalgia

Question 13

The most common cause of hypoxia is ischemia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell membranes by uncontrolled enzyme activation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of endonuclease,which interferes with the binding of calcium to protein 
B)  Activation of phospholipases,which degrade the proteins to which calcium normally binds 
C)  An influx of phosphate ions,which compete with calcium for binding to proteins 
D)  Depletion of ATP,which normally pumps calcium from the cell 
A)  Activation of endonuclease,which interferes with the binding of calcium to protein 
B)  Activation of phospholipases,which degrade the proteins to which calcium normally binds 
C)  An influx of phosphate ions,which compete with calcium for binding to proteins 
D)  Depletion of ATP,which normally pumps calcium from the cell

Exam 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Removal of part of the liver leads to _____ of the remaining liver cells.

What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis?

After ovulation,the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen;this is an example of:

What is the most common site of lipid accumulation?

What causes hemoprotein accumulations?

What,if any,is the difference between subdural hematoma and epidural hematoma?

What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury?

Lead causes damage within the cell by interfering with the action of:

Dysplastic changes may be reversible,but may become malignant.

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding examples.Terms may be used more than once. -Causes myocardial enlargement as a result of dilated cardiac chambers

In decompression sickness (the bends),bubbles of _____ form emboli.

Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases?

The most common cause of hypoxia is ischemia.

What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell membranes by uncontrolled enzyme activation?

Cellular Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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