Question 1

Which genes are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  LCAT genes 
B)  CHK1 and CHK2 genes 
C)  BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes 
D)  TP53 and TP54 genes 
A)  LCAT genes 
B)  CHK1 and CHK2 genes 
C)  BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes 
D)  TP53 and TP54 genes C

Question 2

Which diseases are more strongly determined by environmental and lifestyle changes rather than genetics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autism and spina bifida 
B)  Diabetes mellitus and heart disease 
C)  Measles and influenza 
D)  Epilepsy and cystic fibrosis 
A)  Autism and spina bifida 
B)  Diabetes mellitus and heart disease 
C)  Measles and influenza 
D)  Epilepsy and cystic fibrosis C

Question 3

When the offspring of a parent with schizophrenia are adopted by parents without schizophrenia,their risk of developing the disease is about 25%,which is about half the risk when they are raised by their biologic parents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

An autosomal dominant form of breast cancer accounts for _____ % of all cases.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  10 
C)  15 
D)  20 
A)  5 
B)  10 
C)  15 
D)  20

Question 5

What is the action of angiotensin II that increases blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  It stimulates beta1-adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate. 
B)  It stimulates the release of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH)that increases water reabsorption. 
C)  It stimulates the release of aldosterone to increase sodium retention. 
D)  It inactivates serum bradykinin causing vasodilation. 
A)  It stimulates beta1-adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate. 
B)  It stimulates the release of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH)that increases water reabsorption. 
C)  It stimulates the release of aldosterone to increase sodium retention. 
D)  It inactivates serum bradykinin causing vasodilation.

Question 6

Relative risks indicates the percentage of disease cases in the general population that are attributable to a specific risk factor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Environmental modification can reduce risk for developing diseases that have a genetic and environmental component.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Number of persons living with the disease

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 9

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Number of new cases (persons)detected with the disease

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 10

Breast cancer manifests in familial patterns.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The body weight of adopted children correlates significantly with the body weights of their adopted parents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by both genetic factors and lifestyle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium intake 
B)  Physical inactivity 
C)  Psychosocial stress 
D)  Obesity 
A)  Sodium intake 
B)  Physical inactivity 
C)  Psychosocial stress 
D)  Obesity

Question 13

What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  A diet high in saturated fats 
B)  An increased production of cholesterol by the liver 
C)  A reduction in the number of LDL receptors on cell surfaces 
D)  An abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood 
E)  A reduction in the co-enzyme HMG-CoA by the liver 
A)  A diet high in saturated fats 
B)  An increased production of cholesterol by the liver 
C)  A reduction in the number of LDL receptors on cell surfaces 
D)  An abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood 
E)  A reduction in the co-enzyme HMG-CoA by the liver

Question 14

The prevalence rate is the number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific time period.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Risks based on direct observation of data

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 16

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-A modifiable risk factor for many diseases

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 17

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Yields an increased risk for some diseases

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 18

The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:

Accepted Answer

A)  autoantibodies and HLA associations. 
B)  autoantibodies and obesity. 
C)  obesity and positive family history. 
D)  HLA associations and positive family history. 
A)  autoantibodies and HLA associations. 
B)  autoantibodies and obesity. 
C)  obesity and positive family history. 
D)  HLA associations and positive family history.

Question 19

The _____ of developing a disease is expressed as the ratio of the disease rate among the exposed population to the disease rate in an unexposed population.

Accepted Answer

A)  attributable risk 
B)  contingency risk 
C)  causal risk 
D)  relative risk 
A)  attributable risk 
B)  contingency risk 
C)  causal risk 
D)  relative risk

Question 20

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Traits caused by the combined effects of multiple genes

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Exam 5: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Which genes are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of breast cancer?

Which diseases are more strongly determined by environmental and lifestyle changes rather than genetics?

When the offspring of a parent with schizophrenia are adopted by parents without schizophrenia,their risk of developing the disease is about 25%,which is about half the risk when they are raised by their biologic parents.

An autosomal dominant form of breast cancer accounts for _____ % of all cases.

What is the action of angiotensin II that increases blood pressure?

Relative risks indicates the percentage of disease cases in the general population that are attributable to a specific risk factor.

Environmental modification can reduce risk for developing diseases that have a genetic and environmental component.

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Number of persons living with the disease

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Number of new cases (persons)detected with the disease

Breast cancer manifests in familial patterns.

The body weight of adopted children correlates significantly with the body weights of their adopted parents.

Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by both genetic factors and lifestyle?

What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia?

The prevalence rate is the number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific time period.

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Risks based on direct observation of data

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -A modifiable risk factor for many diseases

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Yields an increased risk for some diseases

The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:

The _____ of developing a disease is expressed as the ratio of the disease rate among the exposed population to the disease rate in an unexposed population.

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Traits caused by the combined effects of multiple genes

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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