Question 1

How does obesity act as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A)  By reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces 
B)  By increasing the resistance to insulin by cells 
C)  By obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas 
D)  By stimulating the liver to increase glucose production 
A)  By reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces 
B)  By increasing the resistance to insulin by cells 
C)  By obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas 
D)  By stimulating the liver to increase glucose production

Question 2

The recurrence risk becomes higher if more than one family member has a multifactorial disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Studies have identified several genes that play what role in obesity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regulating appetite 
B)  Metabolizing fat 
C)  Absorbing fat 
D)  Altering satiety 
A)  Regulating appetite 
B)  Metabolizing fat 
C)  Absorbing fat 
D)  Altering satiety

Question 4

Empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases are based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosomal testing. 
B)  direct observation. 
C)  liability thresholds. 
D)  relative risks. 
A)  chromosomal testing. 
B)  direct observation. 
C)  liability thresholds. 
D)  relative risks.

Question 5

Some families are more susceptible to colorectal cancer than other families.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is partial insulin secretion. 
B)  There is autoimmunity. 
C)  There is insulin resistance. 
D)  Obesity is a common risk factor. 
A)  There is partial insulin secretion. 
B)  There is autoimmunity. 
C)  There is insulin resistance. 
D)  Obesity is a common risk factor.

Question 7

The blending of multiple genes and environmental influences results in the production of a multifactorial trait.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The data reporting "Sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks" is an example of which concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Incidence 
B)  Prevalence 
C)  Ratio 
D)  Risk 
A)  Incidence 
B)  Prevalence 
C)  Ratio 
D)  Risk

Question 9

Cancers that cluster strongly in families include:

Accepted Answer

A)  breast,colon,and prostate. 
B)  lung,ovarian,and breast. 
C)  colon,brain,and lung. 
D)  prostate,breast,and brain. 
A)  breast,colon,and prostate. 
B)  lung,ovarian,and breast. 
C)  colon,brain,and lung. 
D)  prostate,breast,and brain.

Question 10

The BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ovarian 
B)  Lung 
C)  Uterine 
D)  Pancreatic 
A)  Ovarian 
B)  Lung 
C)  Uterine 
D)  Pancreatic

Question 11

A low-fat and high-fiber diet is thought to increase the risk of colon cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Measure of the effect of a specific risk factor

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenetic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 13

Alzheimer disease is thought to have a genetic predisposition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

If a woman has one first-degree relative with breast cancer,her risk of developing breast cancer is _____ times what it would otherwise be.

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  six 
D)  ten 
A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  six 
D)  ten

Question 15

Studies have shown that offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by a nonalcoholic parents have _____ of developing the alcoholism.

Accepted Answer

A)  no increased risk 
B)  a twofold increased risk 
C)  a fourfold increased risk 
D)  a tenfold increased risk 
A)  no increased risk 
B)  a twofold increased risk 
C)  a fourfold increased risk 
D)  a tenfold increased risk

Exam 5: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

How does obesity act as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus?

The recurrence risk becomes higher if more than one family member has a multifactorial disease.

Studies have identified several genes that play what role in obesity?

Empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases are based on:

Some families are more susceptible to colorectal cancer than other families.

Which is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

The blending of multiple genes and environmental influences results in the production of a multifactorial trait.

The data reporting "Sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks" is an example of which concept?

Cancers that cluster strongly in families include:

The BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?

A low-fat and high-fiber diet is thought to increase the risk of colon cancer.

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Measure of the effect of a specific risk factor

Alzheimer disease is thought to have a genetic predisposition.

If a woman has one first-degree relative with breast cancer,her risk of developing breast cancer is _____ times what it would otherwise be.

Studies have shown that offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by a nonalcoholic parents have _____ of developing the alcoholism.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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