Question 1

Which chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is caused by microvascular complications?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nephropathy 
B)  Coronary artery disease 
C)  Neuropathy 
D)  Peripheral vascular disease 
A)  Nephropathy 
B)  Coronary artery disease 
C)  Neuropathy 
D)  Peripheral vascular disease A

Question 2

A person with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)usually craves cold drinks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a greater degree of pancreatic changes than individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Pituitary adenomas are malignant tumors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What pathologic changes occur in Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins 
B)  Stimulation by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) 
C)  Stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
D)  Stimulation of thyroid-binding globulin 
A)  High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins 
B)  Stimulation by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) 
C)  Stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
D)  Stimulation of thyroid-binding globulin

Question 6

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Hypersecretion of adrenal medulla hormones

Accepted Answer

A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves' disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma 
A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves' disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma

Question 7

Glucose levels are considerably lower in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketosis syndrome (HHNKS)than in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is the term used to describe a patient who experiences cortisol deficiency from lack of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),thyroid deficiency from lack of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),and gonadal failure with loss of secondary sex characteristics from the absence of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)and luteinizing hormone (LH)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Panhypopituitarism 
B)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)deficiency 
C)  Hypopituitarism 
D)  Anterior pituitary failure 
A)  Panhypopituitarism 
B)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)deficiency 
C)  Hypopituitarism 
D)  Anterior pituitary failure

Question 9

What is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pituitary hyposecretion 
B)  Parathyroid adenoma 
C)  Parathyroid gland damage 
D)  Autoimmune parathyroid disease 
A)  Pituitary hyposecretion 
B)  Parathyroid adenoma 
C)  Parathyroid gland damage 
D)  Autoimmune parathyroid disease

Question 10

Which symptom is found in diabetes insipidus,diabetes mellitus,and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polyuria 
B)  Edema 
C)  Vomiting and abdominal cramping 
D)  Thirst 
A)  Polyuria 
B)  Edema 
C)  Vomiting and abdominal cramping 
D)  Thirst

Question 11

The nurse is evaluating a patient with oat cell adenocarcinoma of the lung for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).Which of the following laboratory values would the nurse expect to find if the patient had SIADH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypernatremia and urine hypo-osmolality 
B)  Serum K+ 5 and urine hyperosmolality 
C)  Serum Na+ 120 and serum hypo-osmolality 
D)  Hypokalemia and serum hyperosmolality 
A)  Hypernatremia and urine hypo-osmolality 
B)  Serum K+ 5 and urine hyperosmolality 
C)  Serum Na+ 120 and serum hypo-osmolality 
D)  Hypokalemia and serum hyperosmolality

Question 12

Why does polyuria occur with diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because of formation of ketones 
B)  Because of insulin resistance 
C)  Because of an elevated serum glucose 
D)  Because of an increase in antidiuretic hormone 
A)  Because of formation of ketones 
B)  Because of insulin resistance 
C)  Because of an elevated serum glucose 
D)  Because of an increase in antidiuretic hormone

Question 13

A deficiency of _____ may result in hypothyroidism.

Accepted Answer

A)  iron 
B)  iodine 
C)  zinc 
D)  magnesium 
A)  iron 
B)  iodine 
C)  zinc 
D)  magnesium

Question 14

The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is damage to the glands during surgery.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The level of TSH in Graves' disease is usually:

Accepted Answer

A)  high. 
B)  low. 
C)  normal. 
A)  high. 
B)  low. 
C)  normal.

Question 16

A patient with a closed head injury secondary to a motorcycle accident has a urine output of 6 to 8 L/day and electrolytes are within normal limits.The nurse draws a serum ADH level and conducts a water deprivation test.With no intake for 4 hours,there is no change in the patient's polyuria.The serum ADH level is low.These are an indication of:

Accepted Answer

A)  neurogenic diabetes insipidus. 
B)  syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). 
C)  psychogenic polydipsia. 
D)  osmotically induced diuresis. 
A)  neurogenic diabetes insipidus. 
B)  syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). 
C)  psychogenic polydipsia. 
D)  osmotically induced diuresis.

Question 17

Why are visual disturbances caused by a pituitary adenoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because of liberation of anterior pituitary hormones into the optic chiasm,which is adjacent to the pituitary gland 
B)  Because of pituitary hormones clouding the lens of the eyes so that light cannot pass through to the retina 
C)  Because of the pressure of the tumor on the optic chiasm,which is adjacent to the pituitary gland 
D)  Because of the pressure of the tumor on the optic (CN I)and oculomotor (CN III)cranial nerves that alters their functions 
A)  Because of liberation of anterior pituitary hormones into the optic chiasm,which is adjacent to the pituitary gland 
B)  Because of pituitary hormones clouding the lens of the eyes so that light cannot pass through to the retina 
C)  Because of the pressure of the tumor on the optic chiasm,which is adjacent to the pituitary gland 
D)  Because of the pressure of the tumor on the optic (CN I)and oculomotor (CN III)cranial nerves that alters their functions

Question 18

What is a difference in clinical manifestations between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic,hyperosmolar non-ketosis syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluid loss 
B)  Glycosuria 
C)  Increased serum glucose 
D)  Kussmaul respirations 
A)  Fluid loss 
B)  Glycosuria 
C)  Increased serum glucose 
D)  Kussmaul respirations

Question 19

Renal failure is the most common cause of _____ hyperparathyroidism.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  exogenous 
D)  inflammatory 
A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  exogenous 
D)  inflammatory

Question 20

What is a description of diabetes mellitus type 2?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues. 
B)  The patient uses lispro instead of regular insulin. 
C)  There is an increased glucagon secretion from-cells of the pancreas. 
D)  There are insulin autoantibodies that destroy ß-cells in the pancreas. 
A)  There is a resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues. 
B)  The patient uses lispro instead of regular insulin. 
C)  There is an increased glucagon secretion from-cells of the pancreas. 
D)  There are insulin autoantibodies that destroy ß-cells in the pancreas.

Exam 21: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Which chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is caused by microvascular complications?

A person with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)usually craves cold drinks.

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a greater degree of pancreatic changes than individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Pituitary adenomas are malignant tumors.

What pathologic changes occur in Graves' disease?

MATCHING Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Hypersecretion of adrenal medulla hormones

Glucose levels are considerably lower in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketosis syndrome (HHNKS)than in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

What is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism?

Which symptom is found in diabetes insipidus,diabetes mellitus,and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone?

The nurse is evaluating a patient with oat cell adenocarcinoma of the lung for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).Which of the following laboratory values would the nurse expect to find if the patient had SIADH?

Why does polyuria occur with diabetes mellitus?

A deficiency of _____ may result in hypothyroidism.

The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is damage to the glands during surgery.

The level of TSH in Graves' disease is usually:

Why are visual disturbances caused by a pituitary adenoma?

What is a difference in clinical manifestations between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic,hyperosmolar non-ketosis syndrome?

Renal failure is the most common cause of _____ hyperparathyroidism.

What is a description of diabetes mellitus type 2?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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