Question 1

What is the most significant cause of thrombus formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endothelial injury to blood vessels 
B)  Turbulent blood flow 
C)  Rapid coagulation of the blood 
D)  Stagnant blood flow 
A)  Endothelial injury to blood vessels 
B)  Turbulent blood flow 
C)  Rapid coagulation of the blood 
D)  Stagnant blood flow A

Question 2

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a paradoxic condition in which clotting and hemorrhage occur within the vascular system simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Match the descriptions with the platelet disorders.
-Acute idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Accepted Answer

A) Thrombi composed of platelets with minimal fibrin and erythrocytes occlude arterioles and capillaries 
B) Causes ischemic signs and symptoms in the central nervous system 
C) Caused by an alteration of multipotent stem cells,resulting in an excess production of platelets 
D) Antibody-coated platelets removed from circulation by mononuclear phagocytes in the spleen 
A) Thrombi composed of platelets with minimal fibrin and erythrocytes occlude arterioles and capillaries 
B) Causes ischemic signs and symptoms in the central nervous system 
C) Caused by an alteration of multipotent stem cells,resulting in an excess production of platelets 
D) Antibody-coated platelets removed from circulation by mononuclear phagocytes in the spleen B

Question 4

Both lymphomas and lymphocytic leukemia involve cancer of the lymph system,but why do the leukemias cause clinical manifestations of anemia and bleeding,whereas the lymphomas do not?

Accepted Answer

A)  In leukemia,the lymphatic tissue within the bone marrow is the site of origin,whereas in lymphoma,the lymph node or other lymphatic structure is the site of origin. 
B)  In leukemia,the lymph node or other lymphatic structure is the site of origin,whereas in lymphoma,the lymphatic tissue within the bone marrow is the site of origin. 
C)  In leukemia,there is malignant transformation of erythrocytes,platelets,and lymphocytes,whereas in lymphoma,only the lymphocytes are transformed. 
A)  In leukemia,the lymphatic tissue within the bone marrow is the site of origin,whereas in lymphoma,the lymph node or other lymphatic structure is the site of origin. 
B)  In leukemia,the lymph node or other lymphatic structure is the site of origin,whereas in lymphoma,the lymphatic tissue within the bone marrow is the site of origin. 
C)  In leukemia,there is malignant transformation of erythrocytes,platelets,and lymphocytes,whereas in lymphoma,only the lymphocytes are transformed.

Question 5

In both Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma,T cell function is severely decreased.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC),a large amount of microvascular and macrovascular occlusion may occur that is not clinically obvious.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In the leukemias,a single progenitor cell undergoes malignant transformation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

MATCHING
Match the causes or diagnostic tests with the hematologic disorders.
-Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Accepted Answer

A) Epstein-Barr virus 
B) Bence Jones protein 
C) Diagnosed by the Reed-Sternberg cell 
D) Diagnosed by the Philadelphia chromosome 
A) Epstein-Barr virus 
B) Bence Jones protein 
C) Diagnosed by the Reed-Sternberg cell 
D) Diagnosed by the Philadelphia chromosome

Question 9

How is heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)described?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an immunoglobulin G (IgG)immune-mediated adverse drug reaction that reduces circulating platelets. 
B)  It is a hematologic reaction to heparin in which the bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient platelets to meet the body's needs. 
C)  It is an immunoglobulin E (Ig
E) -mediated allergic drug reaction that reduces circulating platelets. 
D)  It is a cell-mediated drug reaction in which macrophages process the heparin and platelet complexes that are then destroyed by activated cytotoxic T cells. 
A)  It is an immunoglobulin G (IgG)immune-mediated adverse drug reaction that reduces circulating platelets. 
B)  It is a hematologic reaction to heparin in which the bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient platelets to meet the body's needs. 
C)  It is an immunoglobulin E (Ig
E) -mediated allergic drug reaction that reduces circulating platelets. 
D)  It is a cell-mediated drug reaction in which macrophages process the heparin and platelet complexes that are then destroyed by activated cytotoxic T cells.

Question 10

One of the most common causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)is sepsis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What do Reed-Sternberg cells represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Malignant transformation and proliferation of interleukins (Il-1,Il-2,Il-5,Il-6). 
B)  Malignant transformation and proliferation of tumor necrosis factor beta. 
C)  Malignant transformation and proliferation of B cells. 
D)  Malignant transformation and proliferation of T cells. 
A)  Malignant transformation and proliferation of interleukins (Il-1,Il-2,Il-5,Il-6). 
B)  Malignant transformation and proliferation of tumor necrosis factor beta. 
C)  Malignant transformation and proliferation of B cells. 
D)  Malignant transformation and proliferation of T cells.

Question 12

How are local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease caused?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ischemia and pressure 
B)  Pressure and obstruction 
C)  Inflammation and ischemia 
D)  Obstruction and inflammation 
A)  Ischemia and pressure 
B)  Pressure and obstruction 
C)  Inflammation and ischemia 
D)  Obstruction and inflammation

Question 13

In infectious mononucleosis (IM),which cytokines released by the CD8 cells are thought to cause the clinical features?

Accepted Answer

A)  a-interferon and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 
B)  b-interferon and tumor necrosis alpha 
C)  Delta interferon and colony-stimulating factor 
D)  g-interferon and interleukin 
A)  a-interferon and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 
B)  b-interferon and tumor necrosis alpha 
C)  Delta interferon and colony-stimulating factor 
D)  g-interferon and interleukin

Question 14

A 20-year-old patient is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis (IM).Which of the following is one of the classic clinical manifestations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymph node enlargement 
B)  Hepatitis 
C)  Rash on the trunk and extremities 
D)  Edema in the area of the eyes 
A)  Lymph node enlargement 
B)  Hepatitis 
C)  Rash on the trunk and extremities 
D)  Edema in the area of the eyes

Question 15

Which proinflammatory cytokines are responsible for the development and maintenance of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF),interleukins (Il-2,Il-4,Il-10),and interferon-a 
B)  Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF),interleukins (Il-3,Il-5,Il-9),and b-interferon 
C)  Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF),interleukins (Il-7,Il-11,Il-14),and platelet-activating factor (PAF) 
D)  Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a),interleukins (Il-1,Il-6,Il-8),and platelet-activating actor (PAF) 
A)  Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF),interleukins (Il-2,Il-4,Il-10),and interferon-a 
B)  Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF),interleukins (Il-3,Il-5,Il-9),and b-interferon 
C)  Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF),interleukins (Il-7,Il-11,Il-14),and platelet-activating factor (PAF) 
D)  Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a),interleukins (Il-1,Il-6,Il-8),and platelet-activating actor (PAF)

Question 16

MATCHING
Match the causes or diagnostic tests with the hematologic disorders.
-Infectious mononucleosis

Accepted Answer

A) Epstein-Barr virus 
B) Bence Jones protein 
C) Diagnosed by the Reed-Sternberg cell 
D) Diagnosed by the Philadelphia chromosome 
A) Epstein-Barr virus 
B) Bence Jones protein 
C) Diagnosed by the Reed-Sternberg cell 
D) Diagnosed by the Philadelphia chromosome

Question 17

Which of the following is a description consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are defects in the ras oncogene,p53 tumor suppressor gene,and INK4A,the gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory protein. 
B)  The bone marrow and peripheral blood are characterized by leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells.As the immature blasts increase,they replace normal myelocytic cells,megakaryocytes,and erythrocytes. 
C)  There is failure of B cells to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins. 
D)  The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 create an abnormal,fused gene identified as BCR-ABL. 
A)  There are defects in the ras oncogene,p53 tumor suppressor gene,and INK4A,the gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory protein. 
B)  The bone marrow and peripheral blood are characterized by leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells.As the immature blasts increase,they replace normal myelocytic cells,megakaryocytes,and erythrocytes. 
C)  There is failure of B cells to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins. 
D)  The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 create an abnormal,fused gene identified as BCR-ABL.

Question 18

In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC),what activates the coagulation cascade?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytokines,such as platelet-activating factor (PAF),and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) 
B)  Thromboxane A causing platelets to aggregate and consume clotting factors 
C)  Tissue factor (TF)located in the endothelial layer of blood vessels and subcutaneous tissue 
D)  Endotoxins from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria circulating within the bloodstream 
A)  Cytokines,such as platelet-activating factor (PAF),and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) 
B)  Thromboxane A causing platelets to aggregate and consume clotting factors 
C)  Tissue factor (TF)located in the endothelial layer of blood vessels and subcutaneous tissue 
D)  Endotoxins from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria circulating within the bloodstream

Question 19

The two major forms of leukemia,acute and chronic,are classified by a predominant cell type and the rate at which the affected person develops clinical symptoms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Match the descriptions with the platelet disorders.
-Essential (primary)thrombocythemia (ET)

Accepted Answer

A) Thrombi composed of platelets with minimal fibrin and erythrocytes occlude arterioles and capillaries 
B) Causes ischemic signs and symptoms in the central nervous system 
C) Caused by an alteration of multipotent stem cells,resulting in an excess production of platelets 
D) Antibody-coated platelets removed from circulation by mononuclear phagocytes in the spleen 
A) Thrombi composed of platelets with minimal fibrin and erythrocytes occlude arterioles and capillaries 
B) Causes ischemic signs and symptoms in the central nervous system 
C) Caused by an alteration of multipotent stem cells,resulting in an excess production of platelets 
D) Antibody-coated platelets removed from circulation by mononuclear phagocytes in the spleen

Exam 46: Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

What is the most significant cause of thrombus formation?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a paradoxic condition in which clotting and hemorrhage occur within the vascular system simultaneously.

Match the descriptions with the platelet disorders. -Acute idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Both lymphomas and lymphocytic leukemia involve cancer of the lymph system,but why do the leukemias cause clinical manifestations of anemia and bleeding,whereas the lymphomas do not?

In both Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma,T cell function is severely decreased.

In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC),a large amount of microvascular and macrovascular occlusion may occur that is not clinically obvious.

In the leukemias,a single progenitor cell undergoes malignant transformation.

MATCHING Match the causes or diagnostic tests with the hematologic disorders. -Chronic myelogenous leukemia

How is heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)described?

One of the most common causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)is sepsis.

What do Reed-Sternberg cells represent?

How are local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease caused?

In infectious mononucleosis (IM),which cytokines released by the CD8 cells are thought to cause the clinical features?

A 20-year-old patient is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis (IM).Which of the following is one of the classic clinical manifestations?

Which proinflammatory cytokines are responsible for the development and maintenance of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

MATCHING Match the causes or diagnostic tests with the hematologic disorders. -Infectious mononucleosis

Which of the following is a description consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?

In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC),what activates the coagulation cascade?

The two major forms of leukemia,acute and chronic,are classified by a predominant cell type and the rate at which the affected person develops clinical symptoms.

Match the descriptions with the platelet disorders. -Essential (primary)thrombocythemia (ET)

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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