Question 1

MATCHING
Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Tracheal problems

Accepted Answer

A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound,voice change,hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or central wheeze 
E) Expiratory wheezes 
A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound,voice change,hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or central wheeze 
E) Expiratory wheezes D

Question 2

What effect does damage to the type II pneumocytes have in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atelectasis and decreased lung compliance 
B)  Disruption of alveolar-capillary membrane 
C)  Pulmonary hypertension 
D)  Pulmonary fibrosis 
A)  Atelectasis and decreased lung compliance 
B)  Disruption of alveolar-capillary membrane 
C)  Pulmonary hypertension 
D)  Pulmonary fibrosis A

Question 3

Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are obligatory nose breathers. 
B)  Their noses are small in diameter. 
C)  They become dehydrated when mouth breathing. 
D)  Their tonsils,adenoids,and epiglottis are proportionally greater than an adult's. 
A)  They are obligatory nose breathers. 
B)  Their noses are small in diameter. 
C)  They become dehydrated when mouth breathing. 
D)  Their tonsils,adenoids,and epiglottis are proportionally greater than an adult's. A

Question 4

The most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea of childhood is adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What are the abnormalities in cytokines found in children with cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Accepted Answer

A)  A deficit of interleukin 1 (Il-1)and an excess of interleukin 4 (Il-4),interleukin 12 (Il-12),and interferon alpha (INF-a) 
B)  A deficit of interleukin 6 (Il-6)and an excess of interleukin 2 (Il-2),interleukin 8 (Il-8),and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CG-CSF) 
C)  A deficit of interleukin 10 (Il-10)and an excess of interleukin 1 (Il-1),interleukin 8 (Il-8),and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) 
D)  A deficit of interleukin 3 (Il-3)and an excess of interleukin 14 (Il-14),interleukin 24 (Il-24),and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 
A)  A deficit of interleukin 1 (Il-1)and an excess of interleukin 4 (Il-4),interleukin 12 (Il-12),and interferon alpha (INF-a) 
B)  A deficit of interleukin 6 (Il-6)and an excess of interleukin 2 (Il-2),interleukin 8 (Il-8),and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CG-CSF) 
C)  A deficit of interleukin 10 (Il-10)and an excess of interleukin 1 (Il-1),interleukin 8 (Il-8),and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) 
D)  A deficit of interleukin 3 (Il-3)and an excess of interleukin 14 (Il-14),interleukin 24 (Il-24),and colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

Question 6

Which arterial blood gases values would be expected in the acute phase of childhood asthma?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 7.6,PaCO2 35 mm Hg,HCO3 32 mEq/L 
B)  pH 7.4,PaCO2 40 mm Hg,HCO3 24 mEq/L 
C)  pH 7.5,PaCO2 30 mm Hg,HCO3 26 mEq/L 
D)  pH 7.2,PaCO2 20 mm Hg,HCO3 30 mEq/L 
A)  pH 7.6,PaCO2 35 mm Hg,HCO3 32 mEq/L 
B)  pH 7.4,PaCO2 40 mm Hg,HCO3 24 mEq/L 
C)  pH 7.5,PaCO2 30 mm Hg,HCO3 26 mEq/L 
D)  pH 7.2,PaCO2 20 mm Hg,HCO3 30 mEq/L

Question 7

Which cytokines are activated in childhood asthma that produce an allergic response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interleukin 1 (Il-1),interleukin 2 (Il-2),and interferon alpha (IFN-a) 
B)  Interleukin 8 (Il-8),interleukin 12 (Il-12),and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) 
C)  Interleukin 4 (Il-4),interleukin 10 (Il-10),and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 
D)  Interleukin 4 (Il-4),interleukin 5 (Il-5),and interleukin 13 (Il-13) 
A)  Interleukin 1 (Il-1),interleukin 2 (Il-2),and interferon alpha (IFN-a) 
B)  Interleukin 8 (Il-8),interleukin 12 (Il-12),and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) 
C)  Interleukin 4 (Il-4),interleukin 10 (Il-10),and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) 
D)  Interleukin 4 (Il-4),interleukin 5 (Il-5),and interleukin 13 (Il-13)

Question 8

MATCHING
Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Pharyngeal problems

Accepted Answer

A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound,voice change,hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or central wheeze 
E) Expiratory wheezes 
A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound,voice change,hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or central wheeze 
E) Expiratory wheezes

Question 9

Which immunoglobulin is present in childhood asthma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immunoglobulin M 
B)  Immunoglobulin G 
C)  Immunoglobulin E 
D)  Immunoglobulin A 
A)  Immunoglobulin M 
B)  Immunoglobulin G 
C)  Immunoglobulin E 
D)  Immunoglobulin A

Question 10

Which statement about the advances in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)of the newborn is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Administering glucocorticoids to women in preterm labor accelerates the maturation of the fetus's lungs. 
B)  Administering oxygen to mothers during preterm labor to increase their arterial oxygen before birth of the fetus. 
C)  Instilling exogenous surfactant down an endotracheal tube of infants weighing less than 1000g. 
D)  Supporting the infant's respiratory function by using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). 
A)  Administering glucocorticoids to women in preterm labor accelerates the maturation of the fetus's lungs. 
B)  Administering oxygen to mothers during preterm labor to increase their arterial oxygen before birth of the fetus. 
C)  Instilling exogenous surfactant down an endotracheal tube of infants weighing less than 1000g. 
D)  Supporting the infant's respiratory function by using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

Question 11

Which of the following types of croup is most common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacterial 
B)  Viral 
C)  Fungal 
D)  Autoimmune 
A)  Bacterial 
B)  Viral 
C)  Fungal 
D)  Autoimmune

Question 12

Which description is indicative of childhood asthma?

Accepted Answer

A)  An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction,bronchial hyperreactivity,and inflammation. 
B)  A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia,decreased pulmonary compliance,and diffuse densities on chest x-ray. 
C)  A pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that line the airways,pancreas,sweat ducts,and vas deferens. 
D)  A pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency. 
A)  An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction,bronchial hyperreactivity,and inflammation. 
B)  A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia,decreased pulmonary compliance,and diffuse densities on chest x-ray. 
C)  A pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that line the airways,pancreas,sweat ducts,and vas deferens. 
D)  A pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency.

Question 13

Cystic fibrosis is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  autosomal recessive inheritance. 
B)  autosomal dominant inheritance. 
C)  infection. 
D)  malignancy. 
A)  autosomal recessive inheritance. 
B)  autosomal dominant inheritance. 
C)  infection. 
D)  malignancy.

Question 14

All alveoli are present and functioning at birth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The primary problem in respiratory distress syndrome (RSD)of the newborn is:

Accepted Answer

A)  consolidation. 
B)  pulmonary edema. 
C)  atelectasis. 
D)  bronchiolar plugging. 
A)  consolidation. 
B)  pulmonary edema. 
C)  atelectasis. 
D)  bronchiolar plugging.

Question 16

Which description is indicative of cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Accepted Answer

A)  An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction,bronchial hyperreactivity,and inflammation. 
B)  A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia,decreased pulmonary compliance,and diffuse densities on chest x-ray. 
C)  A pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways,pancreas,sweat ducts,and vas deferens. 
D)  A pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency. 
A)  An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction,bronchial hyperreactivity,and inflammation. 
B)  A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia,decreased pulmonary compliance,and diffuse densities on chest x-ray. 
C)  A pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways,pancreas,sweat ducts,and vas deferens. 
D)  A pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency.

Question 17

What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)  An immature immune system 
B)  Small alveoli 
C)  A surfactant deficiency 
D)  Anemia 
A)  An immature immune system 
B)  Small alveoli 
C)  A surfactant deficiency 
D)  Anemia

Question 18

MATCHING
Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Bronchial problems

Accepted Answer

A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound,voice change,hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or central wheeze 
E) Expiratory wheezes 
A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound,voice change,hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or central wheeze 
E) Expiratory wheezes

Question 19

About 75% of aspirated foreign objects in children lodge in the bronchus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),how does diffuse pulmonary thrombosis contribute to pulmonary edema?

Accepted Answer

A)  By decreasing the osmotic pressure 
B)  By increasing the capillary hydrostatic pressure 
C)  By increasing the pulmonary capillary permeability 
D)  By allowing the retention of sodium and water 
A)  By decreasing the osmotic pressure 
B)  By increasing the capillary hydrostatic pressure 
C)  By increasing the pulmonary capillary permeability 
D)  By allowing the retention of sodium and water

Exam 47: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

MATCHING Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Tracheal problems

What effect does damage to the type II pneumocytes have in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants?

The most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea of childhood is adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

What are the abnormalities in cytokines found in children with cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Which arterial blood gases values would be expected in the acute phase of childhood asthma?

Which cytokines are activated in childhood asthma that produce an allergic response?

MATCHING Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Pharyngeal problems

Which immunoglobulin is present in childhood asthma?

Which statement about the advances in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)of the newborn is false?

Which of the following types of croup is most common?

Which description is indicative of childhood asthma?

Cystic fibrosis is caused by:

All alveoli are present and functioning at birth.

The primary problem in respiratory distress syndrome (RSD)of the newborn is:

Which description is indicative of cystic fibrosis (CF)?

What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)of the newborn?

MATCHING Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Bronchial problems

About 75% of aspirated foreign objects in children lodge in the bronchus.

In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),how does diffuse pulmonary thrombosis contribute to pulmonary edema?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

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