Question 1

Many neonates have a transient depressed inflammatory response because:

Accepted Answer

A)  their circulatory system is too immature to adequately perfuse tissues. 
B)  they are deficient in complement and chemotaxis. 
C)  they have an insufficient number of mast cells. 
D)  their lungs are too immature to deliver oxygen to tissues. 
A)  their circulatory system is too immature to adequately perfuse tissues. 
B)  they are deficient in complement and chemotaxis. 
C)  they have an insufficient number of mast cells. 
D)  their lungs are too immature to deliver oxygen to tissues. B

Question 2

The inflammatory response is the body's first line of defense.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Match the biochemical barriers with its function.(Terms can be used more than once. )
-Tears

Accepted Answer

A) Secrete antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid 
B) Attack cell walls of gram positive bacteria 
A) Secrete antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid 
B) Attack cell walls of gram positive bacteria B

Question 4

Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and causes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leukotrienes 
B)  Prostaglandin E 
C)  Platelet-activating factor 
D)  Bradykinin 
A)  Leukotrienes 
B)  Prostaglandin E 
C)  Platelet-activating factor 
D)  Bradykinin

Question 5

What is a purpose of the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A)  To provide specific responses toward antigens 
B)  To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms 
C)  To prevent infection of the injured tissue 
D)  To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury 
A)  To provide specific responses toward antigens 
B)  To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms 
C)  To prevent infection of the injured tissue 
D)  To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury

Question 6

Which solution is best to use when cleaning a wound that is healing by epithelialization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Normal saline 
B)  Povidone-iodine 
C)  Hydrogen peroxide 
D)  Dakins solution 
A)  Normal saline 
B)  Povidone-iodine 
C)  Hydrogen peroxide 
D)  Dakins solution

Question 7

What is a vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Platelet adhesion 
B)  Initiation of the clotting cascade 
C)  Vasodilation 
D)  Increased endothelial adhesiveness 
A)  Platelet adhesion 
B)  Initiation of the clotting cascade 
C)  Vasodilation 
D)  Increased endothelial adhesiveness

Question 8

What is function of the complement cascade called opsonization?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the tagging of pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages. 
B)  It is the processing of pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired immunity. 
C)  It is the destruction of glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms. 
D)  It is the anaphylatoxic activity resulting in mast cell degranulation. 
A)  It is the tagging of pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages. 
B)  It is the processing of pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired immunity. 
C)  It is the destruction of glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms. 
D)  It is the anaphylatoxic activity resulting in mast cell degranulation.

Question 9

When looking at white blood cell differentials,nurses know that patients have early,acute inflammatory reactions when they notice elevations of which leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monocytes 
B)  Eosinophils 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Basophils 
A)  Monocytes 
B)  Eosinophils 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Basophils

Question 10

One systemic manifestation of the acute inflammatory response is fever that is produced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  endogenous pyrogens acting on the hypothalamus. 
B)  bacterial endotoxin acting on the hypothalamus. 
C)  antigen-antibody complexes acting on the hypothalamus. 
D)  exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus. 
A)  endogenous pyrogens acting on the hypothalamus. 
B)  bacterial endotoxin acting on the hypothalamus. 
C)  antigen-antibody complexes acting on the hypothalamus. 
D)  exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus.

Question 11

What occurs during the process of repair after tissue damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Destroyed tissue is replaced by non-functioning scar tissue. 
B)  Regeneration occurs in which original tissue is replaced. 
C)  Resolution occurs when tissue is regenerated. 
D)  Destroyed tissue is replaced by epithelialization. 
A)  Destroyed tissue is replaced by non-functioning scar tissue. 
B)  Regeneration occurs in which original tissue is replaced. 
C)  Resolution occurs when tissue is regenerated. 
D)  Destroyed tissue is replaced by epithelialization.

Question 12

MATCHING
Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
-Microorganisms are killed and digested

Accepted Answer

A) Opsonization 
B) Engulfment 
C) Phagosome 
D) Fusion 
E) Destruction 
A) Opsonization 
B) Engulfment 
C) Phagosome 
D) Fusion 
E) Destruction

Question 13

What effect does chemotactic factor have on the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes vasodilation around the inflamed areA. 
B)  It stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area. 
C)  It directs leukocytes to the inflamed area. 
D)  It produces edema around the inflamed area. 
A)  It causes vasodilation around the inflamed areA. 
B)  It stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area. 
C)  It directs leukocytes to the inflamed area. 
D)  It produces edema around the inflamed area.

Question 14

Which chemical interacts among all plasma protein systems by degrading blood clots,activating complement and activating the Hageman factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kallikrein 
B)  Histamine 
C)  Bradykinin 
D)  Plasmin 
A)  Kallikrein 
B)  Histamine 
C)  Bradykinin 
D)  Plasmin

Question 15

What process causes edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasodilation 
B)  Increased capillary permeability 
C)  Endothelial cell contraction 
D)  Emigration of neutrophils 
A)  Vasodilation 
B)  Increased capillary permeability 
C)  Endothelial cell contraction 
D)  Emigration of neutrophils

Question 16

Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lactobacillus 
B)  Candida albicans 
C)  Clostridium difficile 
D)  Helicobacter pylori 
A)  Lactobacillus 
B)  Candida albicans 
C)  Clostridium difficile 
D)  Helicobacter pylori

Question 17

What is the role of eosinophils in regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eosinophils release arylsulfatase B,which stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes. 
B)  Eosinophils release histaminase,which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation. 
C)  Eosinophils release lysosomal enzymes,which activate mast cell degranulation during acute inflammation. 
D)  Eosinophils release immunoglobulin E,which defends the body against parasites. 
A)  Eosinophils release arylsulfatase B,which stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes. 
B)  Eosinophils release histaminase,which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation. 
C)  Eosinophils release lysosomal enzymes,which activate mast cell degranulation during acute inflammation. 
D)  Eosinophils release immunoglobulin E,which defends the body against parasites.

Question 18

Eosinophils phagocytose parasites.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Frequently histamine 1 (H1)and histamine 2 (H2)receptors are located on the same cells and act in a/an _____ fashion.

Accepted Answer

A)  synergistic 
B)  additive 
C)  antagonistic 
D)  agonistic 
A)  synergistic 
B)  additive 
C)  antagonistic 
D)  agonistic

Question 20

What process causes heat and redness that occur during the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasodilation 
B)  Platelet aggregation 
C)  Increased capillary permeability 
D)  Endothelial cell contraction 
A)  Vasodilation 
B)  Platelet aggregation 
C)  Increased capillary permeability 
D)  Endothelial cell contraction

Exam 6: Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Many neonates have a transient depressed inflammatory response because:

The inflammatory response is the body's first line of defense.

Match the biochemical barriers with its function.(Terms can be used more than once. ) -Tears

Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and causes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?

What is a purpose of the inflammatory process?

Which solution is best to use when cleaning a wound that is healing by epithelialization?

What is a vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?

What is function of the complement cascade called opsonization?

When looking at white blood cell differentials,nurses know that patients have early,acute inflammatory reactions when they notice elevations of which leukocyte?

One systemic manifestation of the acute inflammatory response is fever that is produced by:

What occurs during the process of repair after tissue damage?

MATCHING Match each step of phagocytosis with its function. -Microorganisms are killed and digested

What effect does chemotactic factor have on the inflammatory process?

Which chemical interacts among all plasma protein systems by degrading blood clots,activating complement and activating the Hageman factor?

What process causes edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?

Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy?

What is the role of eosinophils in regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells?

Eosinophils phagocytose parasites.

Frequently histamine 1 (H1)and histamine 2 (H2)receptors are located on the same cells and act in a/an _____ fashion.

What process causes heat and redness that occur during the inflammatory process?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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