Question 1

Non-dividing cells,such as myocardial fibers,are capable of hypertrophy,but not hyperplasia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Acute alcoholism mainly affects the _____ system.

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatic 
B)  gastrointestinal 
C)  renal 
D)  central nervous 
A)  hepatic 
B)  gastrointestinal 
C)  renal 
D)  central nervous

Question 3

Which organs are affected by lead consumption?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heart and blood vessels 
B)  Muscles and bones 
C)  Pancreas and adrenal glands 
D)  Nerves and blood-forming organs 
A)  Heart and blood vessels 
B)  Muscles and bones 
C)  Pancreas and adrenal glands 
D)  Nerves and blood-forming organs

Question 4

What organs are affected by the type of necrosis that results from hypoxia caused by severe ischemia or caused by chemical injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lungs and pulmonary vessels 
B)  Brain and spinal cord 
C)  Kidneys and heart 
D)  Muscles and bones 
A)  Lungs and pulmonary vessels 
B)  Brain and spinal cord 
C)  Kidneys and heart 
D)  Muscles and bones

Question 5

What two types of hearing loss are associated with noise?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acoustic trauma and noise-induced 
B)  High-frequency and low-frequency 
C)  High-frequency and acoustic trauma 
D)  Noise-induced and low-frequency 
A)  Acoustic trauma and noise-induced 
B)  High-frequency and low-frequency 
C)  High-frequency and acoustic trauma 
D)  Noise-induced and low-frequency

Question 6

MATCHING
Match the terms with the corresponding examples.Terms may be used more than once.
-Thymus gland changes during childhood

Accepted Answer

A) Physiologic atrophy 
B) Pathologic atrophy 
C) Physiologic hypertrophy 
D) Pathologic hypertrophy 
E) Compensatory hyperplasia 
A) Physiologic atrophy 
B) Pathologic atrophy 
C) Physiologic hypertrophy 
D) Pathologic hypertrophy 
E) Compensatory hyperplasia

Question 7

Which cell component is the most vulnerable target of radiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma membrane 
B)  Mitochondria 
C)  Deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A)  
D)  Golgi body 
A)  Plasma membrane 
B)  Mitochondria 
C)  Deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A)  
D)  Golgi body

Question 8

During cell injury caused by hypoxia,why do sodium and water move into the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because potassium moves out of the cell,and potassium and sodium are inversely related 
B)  Because the pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decreased in ATP 
C)  Because the osmotic pressure is increased,which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane 
D)  Because oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell 
A)  Because potassium moves out of the cell,and potassium and sodium are inversely related 
B)  Because the pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decreased in ATP 
C)  Because the osmotic pressure is increased,which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane 
D)  Because oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell

Question 9

What is the explanation for why cancer increases as one ages and the number of autoantibodies increases with age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the genetic program for aging is encoded in the brain and controlled by hormonal agents 
B)  Because free radicals of oxygen that result from oxidative cellular metabolism cause abnormal cell growth 
C)  Because the immune function declines with age 
D)  Because of the result of DNA damage and inefficiency of cellular repair 
A)  Because the genetic program for aging is encoded in the brain and controlled by hormonal agents 
B)  Because free radicals of oxygen that result from oxidative cellular metabolism cause abnormal cell growth 
C)  Because the immune function declines with age 
D)  Because of the result of DNA damage and inefficiency of cellular repair

Question 10

In hypoxic injury,why does sodium to enter the cell and cause swelling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the cell membrane permeability increases for sodium during periods of hypoxia 
B)  Because there is insufficient ATP to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell 
C)  Because the lactic acid produced by the hypoxia binds with sodium within the cell 
D)  Because sodium cannot be transported in the cytosol to the cell membrane during hypoxia 
A)  Because the cell membrane permeability increases for sodium during periods of hypoxia 
B)  Because there is insufficient ATP to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell 
C)  Because the lactic acid produced by the hypoxia binds with sodium within the cell 
D)  Because sodium cannot be transported in the cytosol to the cell membrane during hypoxia

Question 11

What effect does fetal alcohol syndrome have on infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Failure of alveoli to open at birth 
B)  Cognitive impairment and facial anomalies 
C)  Incompetent semilunar values (e.g. ,aortic and pulmonic) 
D)  Esophageal stricture and short gut syndrome 
A)  Failure of alveoli to open at birth 
B)  Cognitive impairment and facial anomalies 
C)  Incompetent semilunar values (e.g. ,aortic and pulmonic) 
D)  Esophageal stricture and short gut syndrome

Question 12

How does lead poisoning affect the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  It interferes with the function of neurotransmitters. 
B)  It inhibits production of myelin around nerves. 
C)  It increases the resting membrane potential. 
D)  It alters the transport of potassium into the nerves during synapse. 
A)  It interferes with the function of neurotransmitters. 
B)  It inhibits production of myelin around nerves. 
C)  It increases the resting membrane potential. 
D)  It alters the transport of potassium into the nerves during synapse.

Question 13

Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperplasia 
B)  Metaplasia 
C)  Dysplasia 
D)  Anaplasia 
A)  Hyperplasia 
B)  Metaplasia 
C)  Dysplasia 
D)  Anaplasia

Question 14

Melanin protects skin against long exposure to sunlight as well as prevents skin cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A programmed cell death of scattered,single cells 
B)  Characterized by swelling of the nucleus and cytoplasm 
C)  Has unpredictable patterns of cell death 
D)  Results in benign malignancies 
A)  A programmed cell death of scattered,single cells 
B)  Characterized by swelling of the nucleus and cytoplasm 
C)  Has unpredictable patterns of cell death 
D)  Results in benign malignancies

Question 16

What physiologic changes occur during heat exhaustion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemoconcentration occurs because of the loss of salt and water. 
B)  Cramping of voluntary muscles occurs as a result of salt loss. 
C)  Thermoregulation fails because of high core temperature. 
D)  Subcutaneous layers are damaged because of high core temperatures. 
A)  Hemoconcentration occurs because of the loss of salt and water. 
B)  Cramping of voluntary muscles occurs as a result of salt loss. 
C)  Thermoregulation fails because of high core temperature. 
D)  Subcutaneous layers are damaged because of high core temperatures.

Question 17

What is the leading cause of injury to and death of patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Motor vehicle and airplane accidents 
B)  Fires and burns 
C)  Drug or alcohol-related accidents 
D)  Medical errors 
A)  Motor vehicle and airplane accidents 
B)  Fires and burns 
C)  Drug or alcohol-related accidents 
D)  Medical errors

Question 18

Aging is the result of a genetically controlled development program or built-in self-destructive processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Dysplasia is a common type of normal cellular adaptation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Chemical injuries initiate biochemical reactions that damage cell membrane by decreasing the permeability of the plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Non-dividing cells,such as myocardial fibers,are capable of hypertrophy,but not hyperplasia.

Acute alcoholism mainly affects the _____ system.

Which organs are affected by lead consumption?

What organs are affected by the type of necrosis that results from hypoxia caused by severe ischemia or caused by chemical injury?

What two types of hearing loss are associated with noise?

MATCHING Match the terms with the corresponding examples.Terms may be used more than once. -Thymus gland changes during childhood

Which cell component is the most vulnerable target of radiation?

During cell injury caused by hypoxia,why do sodium and water move into the cell?

What is the explanation for why cancer increases as one ages and the number of autoantibodies increases with age?

In hypoxic injury,why does sodium to enter the cell and cause swelling?

What effect does fetal alcohol syndrome have on infants?

How does lead poisoning affect the nervous system?

Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?

Melanin protects skin against long exposure to sunlight as well as prevents skin cancer.

Which is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis?

What physiologic changes occur during heat exhaustion?

What is the leading cause of injury to and death of patients?

Aging is the result of a genetically controlled development program or built-in self-destructive processes.

Dysplasia is a common type of normal cellular adaptation.

Chemical injuries initiate biochemical reactions that damage cell membrane by decreasing the permeability of the plasma membrane.

Cellular Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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