Question 1

What do pyrophosphate,potassium citrate,and magnesium have in common in the formation of renal calculi?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are all crystal growth-inhibiting substances. 
B)  They all stimulate supersaturation of salt that forms stones. 
C)  They all facilitate the precipitation of salts from a liquid to a solid state. 
D)  They all enhance crystallization of salt crystals to form stones. 
A)  They are all crystal growth-inhibiting substances. 
B)  They all stimulate supersaturation of salt that forms stones. 
C)  They all facilitate the precipitation of salts from a liquid to a solid state. 
D)  They all enhance crystallization of salt crystals to form stones.

Question 2

The risk for urinary tract infection increases when the postvoided residual urine volume is at least _____ to _____ ml.

Accepted Answer

A)  30;45 
B)  50;100 
C)  150;200 
D)  250;350 
E)  400;500 
A)  30;45 
B)  50;100 
C)  150;200 
D)  250;350 
E)  400;500

Question 3

Which glomerular lesion is characterized by thickening of the glomerular wall with immune deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG)and C3?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proliferative 
B)  Membranous 
C)  Mesangial 
D)  Crescentic 
E)  Sclerotic 
A)  Proliferative 
B)  Membranous 
C)  Mesangial 
D)  Crescentic 
E)  Sclerotic

Question 4

MATCHING
Match the causes of acute renal failure with examples of specific disorders.
-Acute tubular necrosis

Accepted Answer

A) Prerenal 
B) Intrarenal 
C) Postrenal 
A) Prerenal 
B) Intrarenal 
C) Postrenal

Question 5

Which statement is false about struvite stones?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more common in women than men. 
B)  They are associated with chronic laxative use in women. 
C)  They grow large and branch into a staghorn configuration in renal pelvis and calyces. 
D)  They are closely associated with urinary tract infections caused by urease-producing bacteria,such as Pseudomonas. 
A)  They are more common in women than men. 
B)  They are associated with chronic laxative use in women. 
C)  They grow large and branch into a staghorn configuration in renal pelvis and calyces. 
D)  They are closely associated with urinary tract infections caused by urease-producing bacteria,such as Pseudomonas.

Question 6

Match the predisposing factors causing pyelonephritis to the pathology mechanism.
-Dilation and relaxation of ureter with hydroureter and hydronephrosis

Accepted Answer

A) Kidney stones 
B) Vesicoureteral reflux 
C) Pregnancy 
D) Neurogenic bladder 
E) Female sexual trauma 
A) Kidney stones 
B) Vesicoureteral reflux 
C) Pregnancy 
D) Neurogenic bladder 
E) Female sexual trauma

Question 7

Considering the innervation of the circular muscles of the bladder neck,which classification of drug is used to treat bladder neck obstruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  β-adrenergic blocking medications 
B)  -adrenergic blocking medications 
C)  Parasympathomimetic medications 
D)  Anticholinesterase medications 
A)  β-adrenergic blocking medications 
B)  -adrenergic blocking medications 
C)  Parasympathomimetic medications 
D)  Anticholinesterase medications

Question 8

Lesions of the sacral segments S2 to S4 or the cauda equina are associated with urinary retention.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A neurogenic bladder is a functional urinary tract obstruction caused by an interruption of the nerve supply to the bladder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 34: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

What do pyrophosphate,potassium citrate,and magnesium have in common in the formation of renal calculi?

The risk for urinary tract infection increases when the postvoided residual urine volume is at least _____ to _____ ml.

Which glomerular lesion is characterized by thickening of the glomerular wall with immune deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG)and C3?

MATCHING Match the causes of acute renal failure with examples of specific disorders. -Acute tubular necrosis

Which statement is false about struvite stones?

Match the predisposing factors causing pyelonephritis to the pathology mechanism. -Dilation and relaxation of ureter with hydroureter and hydronephrosis

Considering the innervation of the circular muscles of the bladder neck,which classification of drug is used to treat bladder neck obstruction?

Lesions of the sacral segments S2 to S4 or the cauda equina are associated with urinary retention.

A neurogenic bladder is a functional urinary tract obstruction caused by an interruption of the nerve supply to the bladder.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Filters

The risk for urinary tract infection increases when the postvoided residual urine volume is at least _ to _ ml.