Question 1

_____ angina occurs because of vasospasms of one or more coronary arteries and often during sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  Unstable 
B)  Stable 
C)  Silent 
D)  Prinzmetal 
A)  Unstable 
B)  Stable 
C)  Silent 
D)  Prinzmetal

Question 2

How does angiotensin II increase the workload of the heart after a myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

A)  By increasing the peripheral vascular resistance 
B)  By causing dysrhythmias as a result of hyperkalemia 
C)  By reducing the contractility of the myocardium 
D)  By stimulating the sympathetic nervous system 
A)  By increasing the peripheral vascular resistance 
B)  By causing dysrhythmias as a result of hyperkalemia 
C)  By reducing the contractility of the myocardium 
D)  By stimulating the sympathetic nervous system

Question 3

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-May be an autosomal dominant disorder

Accepted Answer

A) Restrictive cardiomyopathy 
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
C) Dilated cardiomyopathy 
A) Restrictive cardiomyopathy 
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
C) Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 4

Many cases of mitral valve prolapse are completely asymptomatic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

How does atherosclerosis cause aneurysms?

Accepted Answer

A)  A reduction in oxygen causes ischemia of the intimA. 
B)  An increase in endothelin increases nitric oxide. 
C)  Plaque formation erodes the vessel wall. 
D)  The vessel is obstructed by plaques and thrombus formation. 
A)  A reduction in oxygen causes ischemia of the intimA. 
B)  An increase in endothelin increases nitric oxide. 
C)  Plaque formation erodes the vessel wall. 
D)  The vessel is obstructed by plaques and thrombus formation.

Question 6

The hallmark of _____ cardiomyopathy is a disproportionate thickening of the interventricular septum.

Accepted Answer

A)  dystrophic 
B)  hypertrophic 
C)  septal 
D)  dilated 
A)  dystrophic 
B)  hypertrophic 
C)  septal 
D)  dilated

Question 7

When fluid collects gradually in a pericardial effusion,the pericardium stretches to accommodate large quantities of fluid without compressing the heart.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Cerebral aneurysms frequently occur in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  vertebral arteries. 
B)  basilar artery. 
C)  circle of Willis. 
D)  carotid arteries. 
A)  vertebral arteries. 
B)  basilar artery. 
C)  circle of Willis. 
D)  carotid arteries.

Question 9

Acute rheumatic fever can develop only as a sequel to pharyngeal infection by group A   
-streptococcus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

MATCHING
Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Mitral stenosis

Accepted Answer

A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle 
A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle

Question 11

Ventricular remodeling is a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  left ventricular hypertrophy. 
B)  right ventricular failure. 
C)  myocardial ischemia. 
D)  contractile dysfunction. 
A)  left ventricular hypertrophy. 
B)  right ventricular failure. 
C)  myocardial ischemia. 
D)  contractile dysfunction.

Question 12

Raynaud disease is characterized by vasospasms of large peripheral arteries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which value may be protective for the development of atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  High values of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) 
B)  High values of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) 
C)  High values of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) 
D)  High values of triglycerides (TG) 
A)  High values of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) 
B)  High values of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) 
C)  High values of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) 
D)  High values of triglycerides (TG)

Question 14

Aortic and mitral regurgitation and mitral stenosis are all caused by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Congenital malformation 
B)  Cardiac failure 
C)  Rheumatic fever 
D)  Coronary artery disease 
A)  Congenital malformation 
B)  Cardiac failure 
C)  Rheumatic fever 
D)  Coronary artery disease

Question 15

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Seen in alcoholics

Accepted Answer

A) Restrictive cardiomyopathy 
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
C) Dilated cardiomyopathy 
A) Restrictive cardiomyopathy 
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
C) Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 16

What is the significance of pulsus paradoxus that occurs in a pericardial effusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  It reflects impairment of the diastolic filling pressures of the right ventricle and reduction of blood volume in both ventricles. 
B)  It reflects impairment of the blood ejected from the right atria and reduction of blood volume in the right ventricle. 
C)  It reflects impairment of the blood ejected from the left atria and reduction of blood volume in the left ventricle. 
D)  It reflects impairment of the diastolic filling pressures of the left ventricle and reduction of blood volume in all four heart chambers. 
A)  It reflects impairment of the diastolic filling pressures of the right ventricle and reduction of blood volume in both ventricles. 
B)  It reflects impairment of the blood ejected from the right atria and reduction of blood volume in the right ventricle. 
C)  It reflects impairment of the blood ejected from the left atria and reduction of blood volume in the left ventricle. 
D)  It reflects impairment of the diastolic filling pressures of the left ventricle and reduction of blood volume in all four heart chambers.

Question 17

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Usually caused by ischemic or valvular heart disease

Accepted Answer

A) Restrictive cardiomyopathy 
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
C) Dilated cardiomyopathy 
A) Restrictive cardiomyopathy 
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
C) Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 18

Which inflammatory cytokines are released when endothelial cells are injured?

Accepted Answer

A)  Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 
B)  Beta-interferon (ß-IFN),interleukin 6 (Il-6),and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). 
C)  Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-),gamma interferon (-IFN),and interleukin 1 (Il-1). 
D)  Interferon alpha (IFN- 
A)  Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 
B)  Beta-interferon (ß-IFN),interleukin 6 (Il-6),and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). 
C)  Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-),gamma interferon (-IFN),and interleukin 1 (Il-1). 
D)  Interferon alpha (IFN-

Question 19

Even though air is lighter than blood,it can form an embolism and cause the occlusion of a blood vessel.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

MATCHING
Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Tricuspid regurgitation

Accepted Answer

A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle 
A) Impairs flow from left atrium to left ventricle 
B) Impairs flow from the left ventricle 
C) Backflow into left atrium 
D) Backflow into right atrium 
E) Backflow into left ventricle

Exam 29: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

_____ angina occurs because of vasospasms of one or more coronary arteries and often during sleep.

How does angiotensin II increase the workload of the heart after a myocardial infarction?

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -May be an autosomal dominant disorder

Many cases of mitral valve prolapse are completely asymptomatic.

How does atherosclerosis cause aneurysms?

The hallmark of _____ cardiomyopathy is a disproportionate thickening of the interventricular septum.

When fluid collects gradually in a pericardial effusion,the pericardium stretches to accommodate large quantities of fluid without compressing the heart.

Cerebral aneurysms frequently occur in the:

Acute rheumatic fever can develop only as a sequel to pharyngeal infection by group A -streptococcus.

MATCHING Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Mitral stenosis

Ventricular remodeling is a result of:

Raynaud disease is characterized by vasospasms of large peripheral arteries.

Which value may be protective for the development of atherosclerosis?

Aortic and mitral regurgitation and mitral stenosis are all caused by which of the following?

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Seen in alcoholics

What is the significance of pulsus paradoxus that occurs in a pericardial effusion?

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Usually caused by ischemic or valvular heart disease

Which inflammatory cytokines are released when endothelial cells are injured?

Even though air is lighter than blood,it can form an embolism and cause the occlusion of a blood vessel.

MATCHING Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Tricuspid regurgitation

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity Including Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation Including Hypersensitivies

Infection Including Hivaids

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Tumor Invasion and Metastasis

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Concepts of Neurologic Dysfunction

Disorders of Neurologic Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations in Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

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