Question 1

In order to study the effects of serotonin depletion in rodent studies,

Accepted Answer

A)  tryptophan hydroxylase is inhibited by injection of para-chlorophenylalanine (PCP
A) . 
B)  tryptophan hydroxylase is stimulated by injection of para-chlorophenylalanine (PCP
A) . 
C)  animals are fed a high carbohydrate, low protein diet. 
D)  insulin is injected to alter the ratio of amino acids in the blood. 
A)  tryptophan hydroxylase is inhibited by injection of para-chlorophenylalanine (PCP
A) . 
B)  tryptophan hydroxylase is stimulated by injection of para-chlorophenylalanine (PCP
A) . 
C)  animals are fed a high carbohydrate, low protein diet. 
D)  insulin is injected to alter the ratio of amino acids in the blood. A

Question 2

The enteric nervous system plays the most important role in mediating serotonergic effects on gut function. However, researchers originally thought that enterochromaffin cells played the most important role because

Accepted Answer

A)  experiments with knockout mice suggested greater involvement of enterochromaffin cells. 
B)  of the sheer number of enterochromaffin cells in the gut. 
C)  of the high density of 5-HT in enterochromaffin cells. 
D)  enterochromaffin 5-HT is released directly into the bloodstream. 
A)  experiments with knockout mice suggested greater involvement of enterochromaffin cells. 
B)  of the sheer number of enterochromaffin cells in the gut. 
C)  of the high density of 5-HT in enterochromaffin cells. 
D)  enterochromaffin 5-HT is released directly into the bloodstream. C

Question 3

Traditional medications used to treat migraines work by constricting blood vessels. In contrast the 5-HT1F agonist lasmiditan acts by

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing activity within the pain pathway. 
B)  increasing release of endorphins. 
C)  reducing blood pressure. 
D)  enhancing vagal transmission of serotonin to the brain. 
A)  decreasing activity within the pain pathway. 
B)  increasing release of endorphins. 
C)  reducing blood pressure. 
D)  enhancing vagal transmission of serotonin to the brain. A

Question 4

Evidence supporting a link between low levels of 5-HT and/or receptor activation and increased aggression, or high levels of 5-HT and/or receptor activation and decreased aggression, comes from studies

Accepted Answer

A)  measuring 5-HT release during play of violent video games. 
B)  correlating 5-HIAA concentration in the CSF and brain to measures of aggressive behavior. 
C)  using PCPA to increase extracellular 5-HT levels. 
D)  determining the ratio TPH to 5H-T in the bloodstream. 
A)  measuring 5-HT release during play of violent video games. 
B)  correlating 5-HIAA concentration in the CSF and brain to measures of aggressive behavior. 
C)  using PCPA to increase extracellular 5-HT levels. 
D)  determining the ratio TPH to 5H-T in the bloodstream.

Question 5

Which method(s) can be used to produce mice that lack brain serotonin throughout life, beginning with embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Administering the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor PCPA 
B)  Creating knockout mice that lack 5-HT 
C)  Preventing the normal differentiation of cells that are destined to become serotonergic neurons 
D)  Both b and c 
A)  Administering the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor PCPA 
B)  Creating knockout mice that lack 5-HT 
C)  Preventing the normal differentiation of cells that are destined to become serotonergic neurons 
D)  Both b and c

Question 6

The hypothalamic circuit that includes neuropeptide-releasing neurons within the arcuate nucleus that project to melanocortin receptor neurons in the paraventricular nucleus is involved in the sensation of

Accepted Answer

A)  sedation. 
B)  fear. 
C)  aggression. 
D)  hunger. 
A)  sedation. 
B)  fear. 
C)  aggression. 
D)  hunger.

Question 7

Explain what makes 5-HT3 receptors different from other serotonin receptors. Identify one important therapeutic use of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.

Accepted Answer

Question 8

Which scenario provides evidence supporting the serotonin deficiency hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mice administered PCPA show a decrease in aggressive behavior. 
B)  A person with impulsive aggression is prescribed a relatively high dose of an SSRI, which reduces this behavior. 
C)  Mice are fed a diet high in tryptophan and show an increase in aggressive behavior. 
D)  A person with impulsive aggression is treated with ATD, which reduces this behavior. 
A)  Mice administered PCPA show a decrease in aggressive behavior. 
B)  A person with impulsive aggression is prescribed a relatively high dose of an SSRI, which reduces this behavior. 
C)  Mice are fed a diet high in tryptophan and show an increase in aggressive behavior. 
D)  A person with impulsive aggression is treated with ATD, which reduces this behavior.

Question 9

A mouse is tested in the elevated plus-maze and shows extreme anxiety compared to other mice. From this observation you surmise that this mouse likely

Accepted Answer

A)  is a 5-HT4-knockout mouse. 
B)  has been treated with a selective 5-HT2C agonist. 
C)  is a 5-HT1A-knockout mouse. 
D)  has been treated with a 5-HT1A receptor agonist. 
A)  is a 5-HT4-knockout mouse. 
B)  has been treated with a selective 5-HT2C agonist. 
C)  is a 5-HT1A-knockout mouse. 
D)  has been treated with a 5-HT1A receptor agonist.

Question 10

The principal acute action of MDMA is to

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent reuptake of serotonin. 
B)  inhibit synthesis of serotonin. 
C)  enhance tryptophan transport. 
D)  enhance serotonin release. 
A)  prevent reuptake of serotonin. 
B)  inhibit synthesis of serotonin. 
C)  enhance tryptophan transport. 
D)  enhance serotonin release.

Question 11

In the gut, serotonin is synthesized by

Accepted Answer

A)  some neurons within the enteric nervous system. 
B)  enterochromaffin cells. 
C)  goblet cells. 
D)  Both a and b 
A)  some neurons within the enteric nervous system. 
B)  enterochromaffin cells. 
C)  goblet cells. 
D)  Both a and b

Question 12

Knockout mice lacking the serotonin transporter SERT exhibit all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoactivity. 
B)  a decrease in aggressiveness. 
C)  enhanced maternal behavior. 
D)  anxiety-like behavior. 
A)  hypoactivity. 
B)  a decrease in aggressiveness. 
C)  enhanced maternal behavior. 
D)  anxiety-like behavior.

Question 13

MDMA has been shown to improve the clinical response in patients undergoing treatment for

Accepted Answer

A)  PTSD. 
B)  drug addiction. 
C)  anorexia. 
D)  depression. 
A)  PTSD. 
B)  drug addiction. 
C)  anorexia. 
D)  depression.

Question 14

Explain how researchers determined that the anxiety-regulating 5-HT1A receptors are postsynaptic. What was the role of the stria terminalis (BNST) in this determination?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how researchers determined that the anxiety-regulating...

Question 15

Explain the primary mechanism responsible for termination of serotonergic transmission and name an important class of drugs that acts on that mechanism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the primary mechanism responsible for termination...

Question 16

Why might increasing levels of tryptophan in the bloodstream not increase brain serotonin levels as would be expected?

Accepted Answer

A)  It doesn't matter how much tryptophan is present, serotonin is made at a constant rate from brain stores of tryptophan. 
B)  Tryptophan cannot cross the blood-brain barrier under any circumstances. 
C)  Tryptophan competes with other amino acids for transport across the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  Insulin is required for transport of tryptophan across the blood-brain barrier. 
A)  It doesn't matter how much tryptophan is present, serotonin is made at a constant rate from brain stores of tryptophan. 
B)  Tryptophan cannot cross the blood-brain barrier under any circumstances. 
C)  Tryptophan competes with other amino acids for transport across the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  Insulin is required for transport of tryptophan across the blood-brain barrier.

Question 17

Which statement about 5-HT1A receptors is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They serve as somatodendritic autoreceptors in the dorsal raphe nuclei. 
B)  They are located postsynaptically in the forebrain. 
C)  They serve as autoreceptors on serotonergic axon terminals in the forebrain. 
D)  They are concentrated in the hippocampus, septal area, and parts of the amygdala. 
A)  They serve as somatodendritic autoreceptors in the dorsal raphe nuclei. 
B)  They are located postsynaptically in the forebrain. 
C)  They serve as autoreceptors on serotonergic axon terminals in the forebrain. 
D)  They are concentrated in the hippocampus, septal area, and parts of the amygdala.

Question 18

How does 5-HT, which travels to the arcuate nucleus from DRN and MRN projections, suppress appetite and affect an animal's food-seeking behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does 5-HT, which travels to the...

Question 19

Which statement regarding the serotonin receptor family is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  5-HT1A receptors are located primarily in the cerebral cortex. 
B)  5-HT2A receptors cause inhibition by decreasing adenyl cyclase and increasing potassium efflux. 
C)  There is a family of five different 5-HT1 receptors. 
D)  LSD and similar hallucinogens are most likely agonists at the 5-HT1A receptor. 
A)  5-HT1A receptors are located primarily in the cerebral cortex. 
B)  5-HT2A receptors cause inhibition by decreasing adenyl cyclase and increasing potassium efflux. 
C)  There is a family of five different 5-HT1 receptors. 
D)  LSD and similar hallucinogens are most likely agonists at the 5-HT1A receptor.

Question 20

Describe the primary acute mechanism of action of MDMA. What experimental evidence would you cite to convince someone not to take repeated high doses of MDMA (ecstasy)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the primary acute mechanism of action...

In order to study the effects of serotonin depletion in rodent studies,

The enteric nervous system plays the most important role in mediating serotonergic effects on gut function. However, researchers originally thought that enterochromaffin cells played the most important role because

Traditional medications used to treat migraines work by constricting blood vessels. In contrast the 5-HT1F agonist lasmiditan acts by

Evidence supporting a link between low levels of 5-HT and/or receptor activation and increased aggression, or high levels of 5-HT and/or receptor activation and decreased aggression, comes from studies

Which method(s) can be used to produce mice that lack brain serotonin throughout life, beginning with embryonic development?

The hypothalamic circuit that includes neuropeptide-releasing neurons within the arcuate nucleus that project to melanocortin receptor neurons in the paraventricular nucleus is involved in the sensation of

Explain what makes 5-HT₃ receptors different from other serotonin receptors. Identify one important therapeutic use of 5-HT₃ receptor antagonists.

Which scenario provides evidence supporting the serotonin deficiency hypothesis?

A mouse is tested in the elevated plus-maze and shows extreme anxiety compared to other mice. From this observation you surmise that this mouse likely

The principal acute action of MDMA is to

In the gut, serotonin is synthesized by

Knockout mice lacking the serotonin transporter SERT exhibit all of the following except

MDMA has been shown to improve the clinical response in patients undergoing treatment for

Explain how researchers determined that the anxiety-regulating 5-HT1A receptors are postsynaptic. What was the role of the stria terminalis (BNST) in this determination?

Explain the primary mechanism responsible for termination of serotonergic transmission and name an important class of drugs that acts on that mechanism.

Why might increasing levels of tryptophan in the bloodstream not increase brain serotonin levels as would be expected?

Which statement about 5-HT_1A receptors is false?

How does 5-HT, which travels to the arcuate nucleus from DRN and MRN projections, suppress appetite and affect an animal's food-seeking behavior?

Which statement regarding the serotonin receptor family is true?

Describe the primary acute mechanism of action of MDMA. What experimental evidence would you cite to convince someone not to take repeated high doses of MDMA (ecstasy)?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 6: Serotonin

In order to study the effects of serotonin depletion in rodent studies,

The enteric nervous system plays the most important role in mediating serotonergic effects on gut function. However, researchers originally thought that enterochromaffin cells played the most important role because

Traditional medications used to treat migraines work by constricting blood vessels. In contrast the 5-HT1F agonist lasmiditan acts by

Evidence supporting a link between low levels of 5-HT and/or receptor activation and increased aggression, or high levels of 5-HT and/or receptor activation and decreased aggression, comes from studies

Which method(s) can be used to produce mice that lack brain serotonin throughout life, beginning with embryonic development?

The hypothalamic circuit that includes neuropeptide-releasing neurons within the arcuate nucleus that project to melanocortin receptor neurons in the paraventricular nucleus is involved in the sensation of

Explain what makes 5-HT3 receptors different from other serotonin receptors. Identify one important therapeutic use of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.

Which scenario provides evidence supporting the serotonin deficiency hypothesis?

A mouse is tested in the elevated plus-maze and shows extreme anxiety compared to other mice. From this observation you surmise that this mouse likely

The principal acute action of MDMA is to

In the gut, serotonin is synthesized by

Knockout mice lacking the serotonin transporter SERT exhibit all of the following except

MDMA has been shown to improve the clinical response in patients undergoing treatment for

Explain how researchers determined that the anxiety-regulating 5-HT1A receptors are postsynaptic. What was the role of the stria terminalis (BNST) in this determination?

Explain the primary mechanism responsible for termination of serotonergic transmission and name an important class of drugs that acts on that mechanism.

Why might increasing levels of tryptophan in the bloodstream not increase brain serotonin levels as would be expected?

Which statement about 5-HT1A receptors is false?

How does 5-HT, which travels to the arcuate nucleus from DRN and MRN projections, suppress appetite and affect an animal's food-seeking behavior?

Which statement regarding the serotonin receptor family is true?

Describe the primary acute mechanism of action of MDMA. What experimental evidence would you cite to convince someone not to take repeated high doses of MDMA (ecstasy)?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Explain what makes 5-HT₃ receptors different from other serotonin receptors. Identify one important therapeutic use of 5-HT₃ receptor antagonists.

Which statement about 5-HT_1A receptors is false?