Question 1

The most significant risk factor for Parkinson's disease is

Accepted Answer

A)  a history of boxing or other contact sports involving chronic skull impact. 
B)  exposure to illicit drugs or environmental toxins. 
C)  having family members with the disorder. 
D)  age. 
A)  a history of boxing or other contact sports involving chronic skull impact. 
B)  exposure to illicit drugs or environmental toxins. 
C)  having family members with the disorder. 
D)  age. D

Question 2

Which statement about the cholesterol-fed rabbit model of AD is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rabbits only developed AD symptoms if they also were administered copper. 
B)  The rabbits showed cognitive deficits. 
C)  Neurofibrillary tangles and αβ deposits were seen in the rabbits. 
D)  Neuronal loss occurred in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. 
A)  The rabbits only developed AD symptoms if they also were administered copper. 
B)  The rabbits showed cognitive deficits. 
C)  Neurofibrillary tangles and αβ deposits were seen in the rabbits. 
D)  Neuronal loss occurred in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. A

Question 3

Two of the most frequent symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease include _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  difficulty initiating movement; slowness of movement 
B)  unwanted motor activity; dementia 
C)  pill-rolling tremors; retropulsion 
D)  resting tremor; urge to move certain body parts 
A)  difficulty initiating movement; slowness of movement 
B)  unwanted motor activity; dementia 
C)  pill-rolling tremors; retropulsion 
D)  resting tremor; urge to move certain body parts A

Question 4

The primary cellular abnormalities in AD are _______ and _______. These abnormalities are seen largely in _______ cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  amyloid precursor protein; β-amyloid; prefrontal 
B)  neurofibrillary tangles; amyloid plaques; frontotemporal association 
C)  amyloid precursor protein; neurofibrillary tangles; frontoparietal association 
D)  amyloid plaques; Aβ42; prefrontal 
A)  amyloid precursor protein; β-amyloid; prefrontal 
B)  neurofibrillary tangles; amyloid plaques; frontotemporal association 
C)  amyloid precursor protein; neurofibrillary tangles; frontoparietal association 
D)  amyloid plaques; Aβ42; prefrontal

Question 5

Which of the following is not a psychiatric symptom seen in AD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Delusions 
B)  Depressed mood 
C)  Manic episodes 
D)  Hallucinations 
A)  Delusions 
B)  Depressed mood 
C)  Manic episodes 
D)  Hallucinations

Question 6

Which surprising finding may have efficacy in early detection of PD and thus earlier and more effective treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no genetic component associated with risk of PD. 
B)  Brain pathways that are similar in people with PD and those that have bipolar disorder. 
C)  PD is associated with Down syndrome. 
D)  A case in which a woman could actually "smell" PD 
A)  There is no genetic component associated with risk of PD. 
B)  Brain pathways that are similar in people with PD and those that have bipolar disorder. 
C)  PD is associated with Down syndrome. 
D)  A case in which a woman could actually "smell" PD

Question 7

The early symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) result from

Accepted Answer

A)  a loss of motor neurons. 
B)  degeneration of muscle tissue. 
C)  widespread destruction of the neuromuscular junction. 
D)  degeneration of primary motor cortex. 
A)  a loss of motor neurons. 
B)  degeneration of muscle tissue. 
C)  widespread destruction of the neuromuscular junction. 
D)  degeneration of primary motor cortex.

Question 8

The likelihood of developing Huntington's disease depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  both inheriting the huntingtin gene and dietary factors. 
B)  inheriting a huntingtin gene with more than 35 CAG repeats. 
C)  both a family history of HD and advancing age. 
D)  inheriting a huntingtin gene with more than 40 CAG repeats. 
A)  both inheriting the huntingtin gene and dietary factors. 
B)  inheriting a huntingtin gene with more than 35 CAG repeats. 
C)  both a family history of HD and advancing age. 
D)  inheriting a huntingtin gene with more than 40 CAG repeats.

Question 9

In AD, Neurodegeneration leads to glutamate release and _______, so _______ can be used in treatment.

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization block; an NMDA antagonist 
B)  excitotoxicity; sodium channel blockers 
C)  excitotoxicity; an NMDA antagonist 
D)  excess neurotransmitter release; calcium channel blockers 
A)  depolarization block; an NMDA antagonist 
B)  excitotoxicity; sodium channel blockers 
C)  excitotoxicity; an NMDA antagonist 
D)  excess neurotransmitter release; calcium channel blockers

Question 10

Treatment with a potassium channel blocker such as Ampyra could improve neurotransmission in demyelinated neurons because it

Accepted Answer

A)  enhances the generation of action potentials. 
B)  allows transmission through demyelinated fibers in the motor pathway. 
C)  hyperpolarizes the membrane. 
D)  modulates release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. 
A)  enhances the generation of action potentials. 
B)  allows transmission through demyelinated fibers in the motor pathway. 
C)  hyperpolarizes the membrane. 
D)  modulates release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.

Question 11

Why might psychiatric disorders such as OCD and bipolar disorder be comorbid with Huntington's disease? Consider the areas of neurodegeneration and the circuits that may be interrupted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why might psychiatric disorders such as OCD...

Question 12

NMDA receptor agonists and _______ are currently in use for the treatment of AD.

Accepted Answer

A)  adenosine receptor agonists 
B)  D2 receptor antagonists 
C)  cholinesterase inhibitors 
D)  acetylcholine receptor agonists 
A)  adenosine receptor agonists 
B)  D2 receptor antagonists 
C)  cholinesterase inhibitors 
D)  acetylcholine receptor agonists

Question 13

The typical pattern of tangles in Alzheimer's disease follows which pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)  Entorhinal cortex → hippocampus → neocortex 
B)  Neocortex → entorhinal cortex → hippocampus 
C)  Basal forebrain → entorhinal cortex → hippocampus → neocortex 
D)  None of the above; degeneration occurs primarily in cholinergic and monoaminergic systems, not brain regions. 
A)  Entorhinal cortex → hippocampus → neocortex 
B)  Neocortex → entorhinal cortex → hippocampus 
C)  Basal forebrain → entorhinal cortex → hippocampus → neocortex 
D)  None of the above; degeneration occurs primarily in cholinergic and monoaminergic systems, not brain regions.

Question 14

In addition to memory problems, a person afflicted with Alzheimer's might exhibit all of the following except for

Accepted Answer

A)  difficulty driving. 
B)  a lack of enjoyment of previously pleasurable activities. 
C)  difficulty swallowing. 
D)  impulse control issues and compulsive behaviors. 
A)  difficulty driving. 
B)  a lack of enjoyment of previously pleasurable activities. 
C)  difficulty swallowing. 
D)  impulse control issues and compulsive behaviors.

Question 15

Which of the following is considered a potential risk factor of MS?

Accepted Answer

A)  A predisposition to depression 
B)  Living in an extremely warm climate before age 15 
C)  Having a first-degree relative with MS 
D)  Lack of vitamin E 
A)  A predisposition to depression 
B)  Living in an extremely warm climate before age 15 
C)  Having a first-degree relative with MS 
D)  Lack of vitamin E

Question 16

Delivering drugs to the brain for treatment of AD is difficult because of the blood-brain barrier. Which technology has been used to successfully open the barrier and thus provides hope for future treatment of AD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transcranial magnetic stimulation 
B)  Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound 
C)  Cingulotomy 
D)  Electroconvulsive therapy 
A)  Transcranial magnetic stimulation 
B)  Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound 
C)  Cingulotomy 
D)  Electroconvulsive therapy

Question 17

Describe the stages of pathological changes in Parkinson's disease and explain how a loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra leads to motor symptoms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the stages of pathological changes in...

Question 18

Name the processes thought to be involved in neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the processes thought to be involved...

Question 19

_______ neurons are particularly susceptible to neurofibrillary tangles, which are primarily made of _______ proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyramidal; tau 
B)  Cholinergic; Aβ 
C)  Prefrontal cortex; ubiquitin 
D)  Polygonal; microtubule 
A)  Pyramidal; tau 
B)  Cholinergic; Aβ 
C)  Prefrontal cortex; ubiquitin 
D)  Polygonal; microtubule

Question 20

What is meant by secondary or tertiary symptoms of MS? Include two examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is meant by secondary or tertiary...

The most significant risk factor for Parkinson's disease is

Which statement about the cholesterol-fed rabbit model of AD is false?

Two of the most frequent symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease include _ and _.

The primary cellular abnormalities in AD are ___ and _. These abnormalities are seen largely in _____ cortex.

Which of the following is not a psychiatric symptom seen in AD?

Which surprising finding may have efficacy in early detection of PD and thus earlier and more effective treatment?

The early symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) result from

The likelihood of developing Huntington's disease depends on

In AD, Neurodegeneration leads to glutamate release and _, so _ can be used in treatment.

Treatment with a potassium channel blocker such as Ampyra could improve neurotransmission in demyelinated neurons because it

Why might psychiatric disorders such as OCD and bipolar disorder be comorbid with Huntington's disease? Consider the areas of neurodegeneration and the circuits that may be interrupted.

NMDA receptor agonists and _______ are currently in use for the treatment of AD.

The typical pattern of tangles in Alzheimer's disease follows which pattern?

In addition to memory problems, a person afflicted with Alzheimer's might exhibit all of the following except for

Which of the following is considered a potential risk factor of MS?

Delivering drugs to the brain for treatment of AD is difficult because of the blood-brain barrier. Which technology has been used to successfully open the barrier and thus provides hope for future treatment of AD?

Describe the stages of pathological changes in Parkinson's disease and explain how a loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra leads to motor symptoms.

Name the processes thought to be involved in neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease.

_ neurons are particularly susceptible to neurofibrillary tangles, which are primarily made of _ proteins.

What is meant by secondary or tertiary symptoms of MS? Include two examples.

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Filters

Exam 20: Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

The most significant risk factor for Parkinson's disease is

Which statement about the cholesterol-fed rabbit model of AD is false?

Two of the most frequent symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease include _______ and _______.

The primary cellular abnormalities in AD are _______ and _______. These abnormalities are seen largely in _______ cortex.

Which of the following is not a psychiatric symptom seen in AD?

Which surprising finding may have efficacy in early detection of PD and thus earlier and more effective treatment?

The early symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) result from

The likelihood of developing Huntington's disease depends on

In AD, Neurodegeneration leads to glutamate release and _______, so _______ can be used in treatment.

Treatment with a potassium channel blocker such as Ampyra could improve neurotransmission in demyelinated neurons because it

Why might psychiatric disorders such as OCD and bipolar disorder be comorbid with Huntington's disease? Consider the areas of neurodegeneration and the circuits that may be interrupted.

NMDA receptor agonists and _______ are currently in use for the treatment of AD.

The typical pattern of tangles in Alzheimer's disease follows which pattern?

In addition to memory problems, a person afflicted with Alzheimer's might exhibit all of the following except for

Which of the following is considered a potential risk factor of MS?

Delivering drugs to the brain for treatment of AD is difficult because of the blood-brain barrier. Which technology has been used to successfully open the barrier and thus provides hope for future treatment of AD?

Describe the stages of pathological changes in Parkinson's disease and explain how a loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra leads to motor symptoms.

Name the processes thought to be involved in neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease.

_______ neurons are particularly susceptible to neurofibrillary tangles, which are primarily made of _______ proteins.

What is meant by secondary or tertiary symptoms of MS? Include two examples.

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Filters

Two of the most frequent symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease include _ and _.

The primary cellular abnormalities in AD are ___ and _. These abnormalities are seen largely in _____ cortex.

In AD, Neurodegeneration leads to glutamate release and _, so _ can be used in treatment.

_ neurons are particularly susceptible to neurofibrillary tangles, which are primarily made of _ proteins.