Question 1

When individuals are in the ketamine-induced dissociated state, they report all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  feeling "at one" with the universe. 
B)  the sense that time is moving at high speed. 
C)  sensations of leaving the physical body. 
D)  visions of spiritual or supernatural beings. 
A)  feeling "at one" with the universe. 
B)  the sense that time is moving at high speed. 
C)  sensations of leaving the physical body. 
D)  visions of spiritual or supernatural beings. B

Question 2

Ayahuasca

Accepted Answer

A)  is a snuff made from South American plants that contains ergot. 
B)  is a preparation that contains AMT and 5-MeO-DMT. 
C)  means "food for the gods" and comes from the peyote cactus. 
D)  is a drink that contains DMT and $\beta$-carbolines. 
A)  is a snuff made from South American plants that contains ergot. 
B)  is a preparation that contains AMT and 5-MeO-DMT. 
C)  means "food for the gods" and comes from the peyote cactus. 
D)  is a drink that contains DMT and $\beta$-carbolines. D

Question 3

Which of the following provided evidence that the synthetic psychedelic 25I-NBOMe has high potency?

Accepted Answer

A)  The dose-response function for the drug to elicit the head-twitch response in mice. 
B)  Subcutaneous injection levels for the drug to produce complete sedation in humans. 
C)  Oral administration route for the drug to produce psychotic reactions in mice. 
D)  Inability of mice to navigate a simple maze after receiving very low doses of the drug. 
A)  The dose-response function for the drug to elicit the head-twitch response in mice. 
B)  Subcutaneous injection levels for the drug to produce complete sedation in humans. 
C)  Oral administration route for the drug to produce psychotic reactions in mice. 
D)  Inability of mice to navigate a simple maze after receiving very low doses of the drug. A

Question 4

Why is it impossible to predict whether a user of hallucinogens will have a "good trip" or a "bad trip"?

Accepted Answer

A)  The drug effects depend very much on the user's expectations and past experiences with hallucinogens. 
B)  The hallucinogens as a class are very unpredictable and unstable in their effects on the human nervous system. 
C)  The hallucinogens have received virtually no clinical study in humans due to the heavy governmental restrictions on their use. 
D)  The physiological side effects of the hallucinogens are so dramatic that they make the "good" and "bad" effects difficult to sort out. 
A)  The drug effects depend very much on the user's expectations and past experiences with hallucinogens. 
B)  The hallucinogens as a class are very unpredictable and unstable in their effects on the human nervous system. 
C)  The hallucinogens have received virtually no clinical study in humans due to the heavy governmental restrictions on their use. 
D)  The physiological side effects of the hallucinogens are so dramatic that they make the "good" and "bad" effects difficult to sort out.

Question 5

The most common route of administration for LSD is

Accepted Answer

A)  smoking. 
B)  injection. 
C)  topical. 
D)  oral. 
A)  smoking. 
B)  injection. 
C)  topical. 
D)  oral.

Question 6

All of the following are subjective experiences reported by individuals after taking low doses of PCP except

Accepted Answer

A)  apathy and loneliness. 
B)  expansion of abstract thinking. 
C)  sensations of vertigo or floating. 
D)  cognitive disorganization. 
A)  apathy and loneliness. 
B)  expansion of abstract thinking. 
C)  sensations of vertigo or floating. 
D)  cognitive disorganization.

Question 7

Psychedelics may have potential in the treatment of depression and anxiety due to which of their effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Improved mood related to higher levels of endorphins released by the drugs. 
B)  Increases in binding receptor occupancy with higher doses of the drugs. 
C)  Glutamate-related neural plasticity, resulting rapid structural and functional changes in the brain. 
D)  The dissociative experience that reduces immediate feelings of depression and anxiety. 
A)  Improved mood related to higher levels of endorphins released by the drugs. 
B)  Increases in binding receptor occupancy with higher doses of the drugs. 
C)  Glutamate-related neural plasticity, resulting rapid structural and functional changes in the brain. 
D)  The dissociative experience that reduces immediate feelings of depression and anxiety.

Question 8

Explain the difference between indoleamine and phenethylamine hallucinogens. Give an example of each. What receptors do these hallucinogens act on? How does salvinorin A fit into the hallucinogen family?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the difference between indoleamine and phenethylamine...

Question 9

Of the following psychedelics, the one with the shortest duration of action is

Accepted Answer

A)  LSD. 
B)  psilocybin. 
C)  mescaline. 
D)  DMT. 
A)  LSD. 
B)  psilocybin. 
C)  mescaline. 
D)  DMT.

Question 10

Which hypothesis was developed after it was shown that the effects of high doses of ketamine are similar to symptoms of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  A major factor in schizophrenia is hypoactivity of the glutamatergic system, particularly NMDA receptor signaling. 
B)  A major factor in schizophrenia is 5-HT2A receptor down-regulation. 
C)  A major factor in schizophrenia is hypoactivity of the serotonergic system due to 5-HT inhibition. 
D)  A major factor in schizophrenia is decreased dopaminergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex. 
A)  A major factor in schizophrenia is hypoactivity of the glutamatergic system, particularly NMDA receptor signaling. 
B)  A major factor in schizophrenia is 5-HT2A receptor down-regulation. 
C)  A major factor in schizophrenia is hypoactivity of the serotonergic system due to 5-HT inhibition. 
D)  A major factor in schizophrenia is decreased dopaminergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a characteristic that all hallucinogenic drugs have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are sometimes taken for spiritual and mystical experiences. 
B)  They can cause cognitive distortions. 
C)  They produce novel perceptual experiences. 
D)  They produce a state of delirium. 
A)  They are sometimes taken for spiritual and mystical experiences. 
B)  They can cause cognitive distortions. 
C)  They produce novel perceptual experiences. 
D)  They produce a state of delirium.

Question 12

Where do PCP and ketamine exert their effects at the synapse? How might this relate to some of the cognitive changes that occur in the drug state?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where do PCP and ketamine exert their...

Question 13

Which statement about dextromethorphan is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an ingredient in antitussive medications. 
B)  It is a uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. 
C)  It is abused on the street as "Red Devils," "Triple C's," "Skittles," or "Robo." 
D)  It affects opiate receptors directly, like codeine. 
A)  It is an ingredient in antitussive medications. 
B)  It is a uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. 
C)  It is abused on the street as "Red Devils," "Triple C's," "Skittles," or "Robo." 
D)  It affects opiate receptors directly, like codeine.

Question 14

Hallucinogenic drugs are not considered to be addictive in the "classic sense" of the word because

Accepted Answer

A)  people who use these drugs generally do not experience craving, dependence, or withdrawal. 
B)  users rarely experience adverse effects from the drug experience. 
C)  people simply don't take these drugs often enough to get addicted to them. 
D)  the high potency and danger of the drugs cause people to take them more cautiously, preventing habitual use. 
A)  people who use these drugs generally do not experience craving, dependence, or withdrawal. 
B)  users rarely experience adverse effects from the drug experience. 
C)  people simply don't take these drugs often enough to get addicted to them. 
D)  the high potency and danger of the drugs cause people to take them more cautiously, preventing habitual use.

Question 15

Most hallucinogens resemble either _______ or _______ in their chemical structure.

Accepted Answer

A)  phenethylamines; indoleamines 
B)  indoleamines; carbolines 
C)  carbolines; phenethylamines 
D)  phenethylamines; acetylcholine 
A)  phenethylamines; indoleamines 
B)  indoleamines; carbolines 
C)  carbolines; phenethylamines 
D)  phenethylamines; acetylcholine

Question 16

MK-ULTRA was a

Accepted Answer

A)  top secret program to control drug use and traffic. 
B)  CIA program to test the effects of LSD on the behavioral reactions, with the goal of using it to "attack" foreign enemies. 
C)  CIA program to record the drug-taking habits of world leaders. 
D)  CIA program to control the drug development agencies. 
A)  top secret program to control drug use and traffic. 
B)  CIA program to test the effects of LSD on the behavioral reactions, with the goal of using it to "attack" foreign enemies. 
C)  CIA program to record the drug-taking habits of world leaders. 
D)  CIA program to control the drug development agencies.

Question 17

What is the mechanism of action psychedelic mushrooms?

Accepted Answer

A)  After ingestion, psilocybin is converted to psilocin, which is the psychoactive agent. 
B)  Mescaline is extracted from the mushrooms and consumed as a powder that contains the psychoactive agent. 
C)  β-carbolines in the mushrooms block DMT breakdown in the liver so the DMT reaches the brain and produces psychedelic effects. 
D)  The psychoactive substance, salvinorin A, is released when the mushrooms are eaten. 
A)  After ingestion, psilocybin is converted to psilocin, which is the psychoactive agent. 
B)  Mescaline is extracted from the mushrooms and consumed as a powder that contains the psychoactive agent. 
C)  β-carbolines in the mushrooms block DMT breakdown in the liver so the DMT reaches the brain and produces psychedelic effects. 
D)  The psychoactive substance, salvinorin A, is released when the mushrooms are eaten.

Question 18

Which statement about the use and abuse of ketamine is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ketamine's popularity can be explained by the fact that the drug does not cause dependence. 
B)  Many abusers of ketamine are medical or veterinary practitioners. 
C)  A number of intellectuals experimented with ketamine as a mind-expanding drug, similar to LSD. 
D)  Ketamine's use is popular events such as raves but it is difficult to track in this use. 
A)  Ketamine's popularity can be explained by the fact that the drug does not cause dependence. 
B)  Many abusers of ketamine are medical or veterinary practitioners. 
C)  A number of intellectuals experimented with ketamine as a mind-expanding drug, similar to LSD. 
D)  Ketamine's use is popular events such as raves but it is difficult to track in this use.

Question 19

Why did Parke-Davis and Company develop ketamine in addition to PCP?

Accepted Answer

A)  PCP did not work as effectively as an anesthetic as the researchers had hoped. 
B)  Researchers discovered that PCP caused hallucinations, whereas ketamine never caused these adverse reactions. 
C)  The drug company developed ketamine for use in humans and reserved PCP for use in veterinary practice. 
D)  Ketamine was similar to PCP but safer, less potent and shorter-acting. 
A)  PCP did not work as effectively as an anesthetic as the researchers had hoped. 
B)  Researchers discovered that PCP caused hallucinations, whereas ketamine never caused these adverse reactions. 
C)  The drug company developed ketamine for use in humans and reserved PCP for use in veterinary practice. 
D)  Ketamine was similar to PCP but safer, less potent and shorter-acting.

Question 20

Which is the most severe adverse reaction to LSD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flashbacks 
B)  Elevated heart rate 
C)  Frightening hallucinations 
D)  A psychotic episode 
A)  Flashbacks 
B)  Elevated heart rate 
C)  Frightening hallucinations 
D)  A psychotic episode

When individuals are in the ketamine-induced dissociated state, they report all of the following except

Ayahuasca

Which of the following provided evidence that the synthetic psychedelic 25I-NBOMe has high potency?

Why is it impossible to predict whether a user of hallucinogens will have a "good trip" or a "bad trip"?

The most common route of administration for LSD is

All of the following are subjective experiences reported by individuals after taking low doses of PCP except

Psychedelics may have potential in the treatment of depression and anxiety due to which of their effects?

Explain the difference between indoleamine and phenethylamine hallucinogens. Give an example of each. What receptors do these hallucinogens act on? How does salvinorin A fit into the hallucinogen family?

Of the following psychedelics, the one with the shortest duration of action is

Which hypothesis was developed after it was shown that the effects of high doses of ketamine are similar to symptoms of schizophrenia?

Which of the following is not a characteristic that all hallucinogenic drugs have in common?

Where do PCP and ketamine exert their effects at the synapse? How might this relate to some of the cognitive changes that occur in the drug state?

Which statement about dextromethorphan is false?

Hallucinogenic drugs are not considered to be addictive in the "classic sense" of the word because

Most hallucinogens resemble either _ or _ in their chemical structure.

MK-ULTRA was a

What is the mechanism of action psychedelic mushrooms?

Which statement about the use and abuse of ketamine is false?

Why did Parke-Davis and Company develop ketamine in addition to PCP?

Which is the most severe adverse reaction to LSD?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 15: Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

When individuals are in the ketamine-induced dissociated state, they report all of the following except

Ayahuasca

Which of the following provided evidence that the synthetic psychedelic 25I-NBOMe has high potency?

Why is it impossible to predict whether a user of hallucinogens will have a "good trip" or a "bad trip"?

The most common route of administration for LSD is

All of the following are subjective experiences reported by individuals after taking low doses of PCP except

Psychedelics may have potential in the treatment of depression and anxiety due to which of their effects?

Explain the difference between indoleamine and phenethylamine hallucinogens. Give an example of each. What receptors do these hallucinogens act on? How does salvinorin A fit into the hallucinogen family?

Of the following psychedelics, the one with the shortest duration of action is

Which hypothesis was developed after it was shown that the effects of high doses of ketamine are similar to symptoms of schizophrenia?

Which of the following is not a characteristic that all hallucinogenic drugs have in common?

Where do PCP and ketamine exert their effects at the synapse? How might this relate to some of the cognitive changes that occur in the drug state?

Which statement about dextromethorphan is false?

Hallucinogenic drugs are not considered to be addictive in the "classic sense" of the word because

Most hallucinogens resemble either _______ or _______ in their chemical structure.

MK-ULTRA was a

What is the mechanism of action psychedelic mushrooms?

Which statement about the use and abuse of ketamine is false?

Why did Parke-Davis and Company develop ketamine in addition to PCP?

Which is the most severe adverse reaction to LSD?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Most hallucinogens resemble either _ or _ in their chemical structure.