Question 1

Alcohol _______ the effectiveness of glutamate at NMDA receptors and _______ glutamate release.

Accepted Answer

A)  reduces; increases 
B)  increases; increases 
C)  increases; reduces 
D)  reduces; reduces 
A)  reduces; increases 
B)  increases; increases 
C)  increases; reduces 
D)  reduces; reduces D

Question 2

Describe the evidence that intoxicating concentrations of alcohol alter GABAA receptor function.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol can potentiate the increase in chloride permeability that occurs when GABA binds to the GABA_A receptor; some alcohol effects can be blocked by GABA_A antagonists, such as bicuculline and picrotoxin; mice bred for greater sensitivity to alcohol also have a more sensitive response to alcohol's effects on the GABA_A system.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a potential explanation for a hangover?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toxic effects of congeners in the alcohol 
B)  Residual acetaldehyde in the body 
C)  Excessive fluid loss during the drinking bout 
D)  Residual acetic acid in the body 
A)  Toxic effects of congeners in the alcohol 
B)  Residual acetaldehyde in the body 
C)  Excessive fluid loss during the drinking bout 
D)  Residual acetic acid in the body D

Question 4

The specific actions of alcohol on neuronal membranes include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  direct interactions with channel proteins. 
B)  modification of gating mechanisms inside a channel. 
C)  actions at neurotransmitter binding sites. 
D)  alteration of lipid composition. 
A)  direct interactions with channel proteins. 
B)  modification of gating mechanisms inside a channel. 
C)  actions at neurotransmitter binding sites. 
D)  alteration of lipid composition.

Question 5

According to Cloninger's alcoholic subtypes, type II alcoholics are characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  a high extent of genetic influence, early age of onset, and thrill-seeking behavior. 
B)  a high extent of genetic influence, age of onset after 25, and guilt and fear about alcohol. 
C)  age of onset after 25, inability to stop alcohol use, and low incidence of novelty-seeking personality. 
D)  use of alcohol to escape and a moderate extent of genetic influence. 
A)  a high extent of genetic influence, early age of onset, and thrill-seeking behavior. 
B)  a high extent of genetic influence, age of onset after 25, and guilt and fear about alcohol. 
C)  age of onset after 25, inability to stop alcohol use, and low incidence of novelty-seeking personality. 
D)  use of alcohol to escape and a moderate extent of genetic influence.

Question 6

Eating while drinking alcohol _______ its absorption by _______ gastric emptying.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; slowing down 
B)  speeds up; increasing 
C)  slows down; slowing down 
D)  reduces; increasing 
A)  increases; slowing down 
B)  speeds up; increasing 
C)  slows down; slowing down 
D)  reduces; increasing

Question 7

To combat the unpleasant side effects of withdrawal from alcohol a frequent first step in supervised detoxification is the use of _______ in place of alcohol.

Accepted Answer

A)  benzodiazepines 
B)  antipsychotics 
C)  beta blockers 
D)  opioids 
A)  benzodiazepines 
B)  antipsychotics 
C)  beta blockers 
D)  opioids

Question 8

A patient that presents with symptoms of AUD, including impaired gait, tremor, cognitive deficits, but does not have Wernicke's encephalopathy, would most likely have

Accepted Answer

A)  Korsakoff syndrome. 
B)  fetal alcohol syndrome. 
C)  fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. 
D)  thiamine deficiency. 
A)  Korsakoff syndrome. 
B)  fetal alcohol syndrome. 
C)  fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. 
D)  thiamine deficiency.

Question 9

Describe some of the contributing factors to alcoholism according to the three-factor vulnerability model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe some of the contributing factors to...

Question 10

Alcohol is metabolized in the liver by two systems of enzymes, _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  aldehyde dehydrogenase; cytochrome P450 
B)  alcohol dehydrogenase; acetaldehyde 
C)  alcohol dehydrogenase; cytochrome P450 
D)  alcohol dehydrogenase; aldehyde dehydrogenase 
A)  aldehyde dehydrogenase; cytochrome P450 
B)  alcohol dehydrogenase; acetaldehyde 
C)  alcohol dehydrogenase; cytochrome P450 
D)  alcohol dehydrogenase; aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 11

How are naltrexone and acamprosate thought to decrease relapse rates in alcoholics?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are naltrexone and acamprosate thought to...

Question 12

Why is it advisable for a pregnant woman not to drink alcohol at any stage of her pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  All alcohol consumption during pregnancy always leads to fetal damage. 
B)  Alcohol causes different adverse effects on a fetus during different stages of development. 
C)  The effects of alcohol on a developing fetus are largely unknown. 
D)  Drinking during pregnancy increases a woman's risk for alcoholism. 
A)  All alcohol consumption during pregnancy always leads to fetal damage. 
B)  Alcohol causes different adverse effects on a fetus during different stages of development. 
C)  The effects of alcohol on a developing fetus are largely unknown. 
D)  Drinking during pregnancy increases a woman's risk for alcoholism.

Question 13

_______ are two neurotransmitters that most likely are involved in the reinforcing effects of alcohol.

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA and serotonin 
B)  Dopamine and opioids 
C)  Norepinephrine and serotonin 
D)  Glutamate and GABA 
A)  GABA and serotonin 
B)  Dopamine and opioids 
C)  Norepinephrine and serotonin 
D)  Glutamate and GABA

Question 14

The first step in the metabolism of alcohol is its conversion to

Accepted Answer

A)  formaldehyde. 
B)  acetaldehyde. 
C)  acetic acid. 
D)  aldehyde dehydrogenase. 
A)  formaldehyde. 
B)  acetaldehyde. 
C)  acetic acid. 
D)  aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Question 15

A benefit of low to moderate alcohol consumption may be a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in cognitive function 
B)  increase in "good" cholesterol. 
C)  decrease in insomnia 
D)  increased ability to form new memories. 
A)  increase in cognitive function 
B)  increase in "good" cholesterol. 
C)  decrease in insomnia 
D)  increased ability to form new memories.

Question 16

A decrease in _______ activity can lead to toxicity, including flushing, nausea, and vomiting.

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol dehydrogenase 
B)  acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 
C)  acetaldehyde 
D)  formaldehyde 
A)  alcohol dehydrogenase 
B)  acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 
C)  acetaldehyde 
D)  formaldehyde

Question 17

A blood alcohol level of approximately _______% is lethal in half of the population, but because unconsciousness occurs at a BAC of approximately _______%, drinking is often stopped before the lethal level is reached.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.35; 0.15 
B)  0.45; 0.1 
C)  0.45; 0.35 
D)  0.60; 0.1 
A)  0.35; 0.15 
B)  0.45; 0.1 
C)  0.45; 0.35 
D)  0.60; 0.1

Question 18

In _______ tolerance, the effects of alcohol _______ when blood alcohol levels are falling compared to when they are rising even if the BAC remains the same.

Accepted Answer

A)  acute; decrease 
B)  acute; increase 
C)  pharmacodynamic; increase 
D)  acute; remain the same 
A)  acute; decrease 
B)  acute; increase 
C)  pharmacodynamic; increase 
D)  acute; remain the same

Question 19

Which of the following does not modify the concentration of alcohol in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presence of food in the stomach 
B)  The dose of alcohol consumed 
C)  Sex differences in metabolism 
D)  A cold shower 
A)  The presence of food in the stomach 
B)  The dose of alcohol consumed 
C)  Sex differences in metabolism 
D)  A cold shower

Question 20

In the _______ method of genetic study, genes of affected and unaffected individuals that are not related are compared in order to search for alleles that may be common among affected individuals.

Accepted Answer

A)  selective breeding 
B)  linkage study 
C)  case-control 
D)  family history 
A)  selective breeding 
B)  linkage study 
C)  case-control 
D)  family history

Alcohol _ the effectiveness of glutamate at NMDA receptors and _ glutamate release.

Describe the evidence that intoxicating concentrations of alcohol alter GABA_A receptor function.

Which of the following is not a potential explanation for a hangover?

The specific actions of alcohol on neuronal membranes include all of the following except

According to Cloninger's alcoholic subtypes, type II alcoholics are characterized by

Eating while drinking alcohol _ its absorption by _ gastric emptying.

To combat the unpleasant side effects of withdrawal from alcohol a frequent first step in supervised detoxification is the use of _______ in place of alcohol.

A patient that presents with symptoms of AUD, including impaired gait, tremor, cognitive deficits, but does not have Wernicke's encephalopathy, would most likely have

Describe some of the contributing factors to alcoholism according to the three-factor vulnerability model.

Alcohol is metabolized in the liver by two systems of enzymes, _ and _.

How are naltrexone and acamprosate thought to decrease relapse rates in alcoholics?

Why is it advisable for a pregnant woman not to drink alcohol at any stage of her pregnancy?

_______ are two neurotransmitters that most likely are involved in the reinforcing effects of alcohol.

The first step in the metabolism of alcohol is its conversion to

A benefit of low to moderate alcohol consumption may be a(n)

A decrease in _______ activity can lead to toxicity, including flushing, nausea, and vomiting.

A blood alcohol level of approximately _% is lethal in half of the population, but because unconsciousness occurs at a BAC of approximately _%, drinking is often stopped before the lethal level is reached.

In _ tolerance, the effects of alcohol _ when blood alcohol levels are falling compared to when they are rising even if the BAC remains the same.

Which of the following does not modify the concentration of alcohol in the blood?

In the _______ method of genetic study, genes of affected and unaffected individuals that are not related are compared in order to search for alleles that may be common among affected individuals.

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 10: Alcohol

Alcohol _______ the effectiveness of glutamate at NMDA receptors and _______ glutamate release.

Describe the evidence that intoxicating concentrations of alcohol alter GABAA receptor function.

Which of the following is not a potential explanation for a hangover?

The specific actions of alcohol on neuronal membranes include all of the following except

According to Cloninger's alcoholic subtypes, type II alcoholics are characterized by

Eating while drinking alcohol _______ its absorption by _______ gastric emptying.

To combat the unpleasant side effects of withdrawal from alcohol a frequent first step in supervised detoxification is the use of _______ in place of alcohol.

A patient that presents with symptoms of AUD, including impaired gait, tremor, cognitive deficits, but does not have Wernicke's encephalopathy, would most likely have

Describe some of the contributing factors to alcoholism according to the three-factor vulnerability model.

Alcohol is metabolized in the liver by two systems of enzymes, _______ and _______.

How are naltrexone and acamprosate thought to decrease relapse rates in alcoholics?

Why is it advisable for a pregnant woman not to drink alcohol at any stage of her pregnancy?

_______ are two neurotransmitters that most likely are involved in the reinforcing effects of alcohol.

The first step in the metabolism of alcohol is its conversion to

A benefit of low to moderate alcohol consumption may be a(n)

A decrease in _______ activity can lead to toxicity, including flushing, nausea, and vomiting.

A blood alcohol level of approximately _______% is lethal in half of the population, but because unconsciousness occurs at a BAC of approximately _______%, drinking is often stopped before the lethal level is reached.

In _______ tolerance, the effects of alcohol _______ when blood alcohol levels are falling compared to when they are rising even if the BAC remains the same.

Which of the following does not modify the concentration of alcohol in the blood?

In the _______ method of genetic study, genes of affected and unaffected individuals that are not related are compared in order to search for alleles that may be common among affected individuals.

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Alcohol _ the effectiveness of glutamate at NMDA receptors and _ glutamate release.

Describe the evidence that intoxicating concentrations of alcohol alter GABA_A receptor function.

Eating while drinking alcohol _ its absorption by _ gastric emptying.

Alcohol is metabolized in the liver by two systems of enzymes, _ and _.

A blood alcohol level of approximately _% is lethal in half of the population, but because unconsciousness occurs at a BAC of approximately _%, drinking is often stopped before the lethal level is reached.

In _ tolerance, the effects of alcohol _ when blood alcohol levels are falling compared to when they are rising even if the BAC remains the same.