Question 1

Briefly describe the role of chromatin remodeling in the epigenetic modification of gene expression.

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is a complex of DNA, histone proteins, and nonhistone proteins. When histone tails are acetylated, charges open up the chromatin, creating an active state that allows transcription factors to bind to the promoter region of a gene to enhance transcription. The inactive state of chromatin is caused by methylation of histone tails, which pulls the chromatin tighter and prevents the binding of transcription factors, reducing transcription of the gene.

Question 2

Which brain structure regulates the body's respiration and heart rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thalamus 
B)  Medulla 
C)  Corpus callosum 
D)  Cerebellum 
A)  Thalamus 
B)  Medulla 
C)  Corpus callosum 
D)  Cerebellum B

Question 3

Mitochondria are responsible for generating _______ for the cell in the form of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  energy; ATP 
B)  energy; glucose 
C)  cytoplasm; ATP 
D)  cytoplasm; glucose 
A)  energy; ATP 
B)  energy; glucose 
C)  cytoplasm; ATP 
D)  cytoplasm; glucose A

Question 4

Summation of local potentials can lead to a(n) _______ at the axon hillock if the _______ is reached.

Accepted Answer

A)  equilibrium potential; threshold 
B)  local potential; equilibrium potential 
C)  action potential; equilibrium potential 
D)  action potential; threshold 
A)  equilibrium potential; threshold 
B)  local potential; equilibrium potential 
C)  action potential; equilibrium potential 
D)  action potential; threshold

Question 5

Neurons can be categorized by all of the following except by

Accepted Answer

A)  which neurotransmitters they release. 
B)  their function (e.g., sensory versus motor). 
C)  the size of the action potentials they generate. 
D)  their morphology. 
A)  which neurotransmitters they release. 
B)  their function (e.g., sensory versus motor). 
C)  the size of the action potentials they generate. 
D)  their morphology.

Question 6

Compare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic...

Question 7

A person eats a meal that includes mussels. Soon after eating the person experiences trouble breathing. This person most likely ingested saxitoxin, which has its effect by _______ channels.

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking voltage-gated Na+ 
B)  opening voltage-gated Na+ 
C)  blocking voltage-gated Cl-. 
D)  blocking voltage-gated Cl- 
A)  blocking voltage-gated Na+ 
B)  opening voltage-gated Na+ 
C)  blocking voltage-gated Cl-. 
D)  blocking voltage-gated Cl-

Question 8

Name and briefly describe the functions of the four lobes of the cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and briefly describe the functions of...

Question 9

Which statement about the process of transcription is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is driven by ribosomes. 
B)  It occurs in the cytoplasm. 
C)  The nucleotide sequence of DNA is replicated by mRNA. 
D)  It results in the production of proteins. 
A)  It is driven by ribosomes. 
B)  It occurs in the cytoplasm. 
C)  The nucleotide sequence of DNA is replicated by mRNA. 
D)  It results in the production of proteins.

Question 10

The _______ of the spinal cord is made up of myelinated axons that carry signals in the ascending direction, to the brain, and the descending direction, for cortical control of muscle contraction.

Accepted Answer

A)  dura mater 
B)  white matter 
C)  gray matter 
D)  arachnoid 
A)  dura mater 
B)  white matter 
C)  gray matter 
D)  arachnoid

Question 11

_______ are long strands of DNA divided into smaller portions called _______, which code for specific proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chromosomes; genes 
B)  Genes; chromosomes 
C)  Transcription factors; genes 
D)  Genes; ribosomes 
A)  Chromosomes; genes 
B)  Genes; chromosomes 
C)  Transcription factors; genes 
D)  Genes; ribosomes

Question 12

The tissue layers that lie just below the bones of the spinal cord and brain and that aid in protecting them are called the

Accepted Answer

A)  pons. 
B)  substantia nigra. 
C)  cerebellar peduncles. 
D)  meninges. 
A)  pons. 
B)  substantia nigra. 
C)  cerebellar peduncles. 
D)  meninges.

Question 13

Nuclei located in the _______ are responsible for the contraction and dilation of the pupil of the eye.

Accepted Answer

A)  metencephalon 
B)  telencephalon 
C)  mesencephalon 
D)  diencephalon 
A)  metencephalon 
B)  telencephalon 
C)  mesencephalon 
D)  diencephalon

Question 14

At the equilibrium potential for potassium, the two forces acting on ions are in balance. These forces are the _______ and the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+-K+ pump; threshold 
B)  Na+-K+ pump; electrostatic pressure 
C)  concentration gradient; action potential 
D)  concentration gradient; electrostatic pressure 
A)  Na+-K+ pump; threshold 
B)  Na+-K+ pump; electrostatic pressure 
C)  concentration gradient; action potential 
D)  concentration gradient; electrostatic pressure

Question 15

Which statement about the myelin sheath is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is produced by glial cells. 
B)  It increases the speed of signal conduction along the axon. 
C)  It saves energy. 
D)  It is found on all neurons. 
A)  It is produced by glial cells. 
B)  It increases the speed of signal conduction along the axon. 
C)  It saves energy. 
D)  It is found on all neurons.

Question 16

Which statement about local potentials is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are generated on the dendrites and cell body. 
B)  They occur only if threshold is reached. 
C)  They move passively along the membrane. 
D)  They are integrated at the axon hillock. 
A)  They are generated on the dendrites and cell body. 
B)  They occur only if threshold is reached. 
C)  They move passively along the membrane. 
D)  They are integrated at the axon hillock.

Question 17

Action potentials are first generated at the axon hillock because this is where _______ are located.

Accepted Answer

A)  non-gated K+ channels 
B)  voltage-gated Na+ channels 
C)  transporters 
D)  Na+-K+ pumps 
A)  non-gated K+ channels 
B)  voltage-gated Na+ channels 
C)  transporters 
D)  Na+-K+ pumps

Question 18

Neurons rely on _______ for protection, metabolic support, and insulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria 
B)  glial cells 
C)  axoplasm 
D)  dendritic spines 
A)  mitochondria 
B)  glial cells 
C)  axoplasm 
D)  dendritic spines

Question 19

Discuss the anatomical differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, including their points of origin in the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the anatomical differences between the sympathetic...

Question 20

Neurons exchange information primarily via

Accepted Answer

A)  somas. 
B)  dendrites. 
C)  axons. 
D)  axon collaterals. 
A)  somas. 
B)  dendrites. 
C)  axons. 
D)  axon collaterals.

Briefly describe the role of chromatin remodeling in the epigenetic modification of gene expression.

Which brain structure regulates the body's respiration and heart rate?

Mitochondria are responsible for generating _ for the cell in the form of _.

Summation of local potentials can lead to a(n) _ at the axon hillock if the _ is reached.

Neurons can be categorized by all of the following except by

Compare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

A person eats a meal that includes mussels. Soon after eating the person experiences trouble breathing. This person most likely ingested saxitoxin, which has its effect by _______ channels.

Name and briefly describe the functions of the four lobes of the cerebral cortex.

Which statement about the process of transcription is true?

The _______ of the spinal cord is made up of myelinated axons that carry signals in the ascending direction, to the brain, and the descending direction, for cortical control of muscle contraction.

_ are long strands of DNA divided into smaller portions called _, which code for specific proteins.

The tissue layers that lie just below the bones of the spinal cord and brain and that aid in protecting them are called the

Nuclei located in the _______ are responsible for the contraction and dilation of the pupil of the eye.

At the equilibrium potential for potassium, the two forces acting on ions are in balance. These forces are the _ and the _.

Which statement about the myelin sheath is false?

Which statement about local potentials is false?

Action potentials are first generated at the axon hillock because this is where _______ are located.

Neurons rely on _______ for protection, metabolic support, and insulation.

Discuss the anatomical differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, including their points of origin in the central nervous system.

Neurons exchange information primarily via

Principles of Pharmacology

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 2: Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Briefly describe the role of chromatin remodeling in the epigenetic modification of gene expression.

Which brain structure regulates the body's respiration and heart rate?

Mitochondria are responsible for generating _______ for the cell in the form of _______.

Summation of local potentials can lead to a(n) _______ at the axon hillock if the _______ is reached.

Neurons can be categorized by all of the following except by

Compare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

A person eats a meal that includes mussels. Soon after eating the person experiences trouble breathing. This person most likely ingested saxitoxin, which has its effect by _______ channels.

Name and briefly describe the functions of the four lobes of the cerebral cortex.

Which statement about the process of transcription is true?

The _______ of the spinal cord is made up of myelinated axons that carry signals in the ascending direction, to the brain, and the descending direction, for cortical control of muscle contraction.

_______ are long strands of DNA divided into smaller portions called _______, which code for specific proteins.

The tissue layers that lie just below the bones of the spinal cord and brain and that aid in protecting them are called the

Nuclei located in the _______ are responsible for the contraction and dilation of the pupil of the eye.

At the equilibrium potential for potassium, the two forces acting on ions are in balance. These forces are the _______ and the _______.

Which statement about the myelin sheath is false?

Which statement about local potentials is false?

Action potentials are first generated at the axon hillock because this is where _______ are located.

Neurons rely on _______ for protection, metabolic support, and insulation.

Discuss the anatomical differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, including their points of origin in the central nervous system.

Neurons exchange information primarily via

Principles of Pharmacology

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Mitochondria are responsible for generating _ for the cell in the form of _.

Summation of local potentials can lead to a(n) _ at the axon hillock if the _ is reached.

_ are long strands of DNA divided into smaller portions called _, which code for specific proteins.

At the equilibrium potential for potassium, the two forces acting on ions are in balance. These forces are the _ and the _.