Exam 2: Structure and Function of the Nervous System

How are local potentials and action potentials similar, and how are they different?

The neural network that regulates motivation and emotion is the

Write a coherent and informative paragraph using the following terms: transcription factor, promoter region, transcription, translation.

Within the exterior and interior of an individual neuron, there is a(n) _______ charge, called the _______ membrane potential.

Name four types of glial cells and provide at least one function of each type.

The primary immune response in the CNS comes from the action of

In a myelinated axon, action potentials are regenerated

The _______ is best described as a result of the selective permeability of the neuronal membrane and the uneven distribution of ions inside and outside the cell.

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials are caused by _______ channels opening, while inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are caused by _______ channels opening.

Describe the HPA axis and the neuroendocrine stress response, including the idea of negative feedback.

During the _______ period, no additional action potentials can be created.

Give a detailed, step-by-step description of the stages of an action potential, including a description of and explanation for the refractory periods.

With regard to glial cells, _______ form the myelin sheath in the CNS, while _______ help maintain the ionic and chemical environment.

The absolute refractory period occurs because _______ channels cannot be opened, and the relative refractory period occurs because _______.

The _______ of the neuronal cell is/are found in the soma, while the _______ may be found throughout the cell.

You are about to cross a busy city street in with lots of traffic and other distractions. Which brain areas help you to focus on important stimuli (oncoming traffic) and disregard unimportant stimuli (e.g., sounds of construction in the distance)?

Local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, have their effects by

Neuronal cell membranes are associated with all of the following proteins except

Neurons responsible for converting environmental stimuli into neural signals are known as

Many ion channels are not normally open but must be gated or opened by some event. Which of the following is not a typical means by which ion channels open?