Question 1

What does in situ hybridization (ISH) measure? Why would a researcher choose this method as opposed to a procedure like immunocytochemistry (ICC)?

Accepted Answer

In situ hybridization shows the presence of a specific mRNA for a protein. If a cell is synthesizing mRNA for a protein it usually means that the cell will also be making that protein. This method can be used to complement immunocytochemistry or can be used if there is not a specific antibody available to directly measure the protein.

Question 2

Which method uses microelectrodes to record the activity of neurochemicals in the extracellular fluid of freely moving animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microdialysis 
B)  In vivo voltammetry 
C)  Stereotaxic surgery 
D)  Patch clamp electrophysiology 
A)  Microdialysis 
B)  In vivo voltammetry 
C)  Stereotaxic surgery 
D)  Patch clamp electrophysiology B

Question 3

Macroelectrodes are used to

Accepted Answer

A)  quantify receptor number and activation. 
B)  investigate connectivity among brain regions when an individual is awake but not involved in a task. 
C)  evaluate metabolic activity in Parkinson's disease. 
D)  activate cells of the brain to see how the stimulation affects the behavior of an animal. 
A)  quantify receptor number and activation. 
B)  investigate connectivity among brain regions when an individual is awake but not involved in a task. 
C)  evaluate metabolic activity in Parkinson's disease. 
D)  activate cells of the brain to see how the stimulation affects the behavior of an animal. D

Question 4

List the two human brain imaging techniques that provide a static picture of the brain, and two techniques that can determine the amount of activity in different brain areas.

Accepted Answer

CAT and MRI scans pr

Question 5

In microdialysis,

Accepted Answer

A)  an animal is placed in a stereotaxic apparatus while measurements are taken. 
B)  large quantities of fluid must be collected for HPLC analysis. 
C)  analysis of the contents of the extracellular fluid can be made. 
D)  chromatography separates substances only by ionic charge, and not by size. 
A)  an animal is placed in a stereotaxic apparatus while measurements are taken. 
B)  large quantities of fluid must be collected for HPLC analysis. 
C)  analysis of the contents of the extracellular fluid can be made. 
D)  chromatography separates substances only by ionic charge, and not by size.

Question 6

The Health Extension Act of 1985 states that

Accepted Answer

A)  when using animals in experiments, researchers must avoid or minimize discomfort, distress, and pain. 
B)  animals may not be used in research. 
C)  computer simulation instead of animal experimentation is prohibited. 
D)  only rodents may be used in animal experiments. 
A)  when using animals in experiments, researchers must avoid or minimize discomfort, distress, and pain. 
B)  animals may not be used in research. 
C)  computer simulation instead of animal experimentation is prohibited. 
D)  only rodents may be used in animal experiments.

Question 7

The halo bracket is used for brain surgery on

Accepted Answer

A)  mice. 
B)  humans. 
C)  rats. 
D)  cats. 
A)  mice. 
B)  humans. 
C)  rats. 
D)  cats.

Question 8

The CT scan

Accepted Answer

A)  provides a dynamic picture of the human brain. 
B)  has better resolution than the MRI scan. 
C)  requires that subjects be injected with a radioactively labeled substance. 
D)  is based on a series of reconstructed X rays of the brain. 
A)  provides a dynamic picture of the human brain. 
B)  has better resolution than the MRI scan. 
C)  requires that subjects be injected with a radioactively labeled substance. 
D)  is based on a series of reconstructed X rays of the brain.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a reason that functional MRI (fMRI) is preferred over PET imaging?

Accepted Answer

A)  The detail is far superior in functional MRI. 
B)  The fMRI procedure provides both anatomical and functional information. 
C)  The individual does not need to be injected with a radioactive substance for functional MRI. 
D)  Because fMRI is a newer procedure, it has replaced the need for other techniques, such as PET and EEG. 
A)  The detail is far superior in functional MRI. 
B)  The fMRI procedure provides both anatomical and functional information. 
C)  The individual does not need to be injected with a radioactive substance for functional MRI. 
D)  Because fMRI is a newer procedure, it has replaced the need for other techniques, such as PET and EEG.

Question 10

A _______ mouse is a one whose genome has a specific mutation that allows a researcher to study the subsequent altered brain function and behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  knockout 
B)  transgenic 
C)  cloned 
D)  chimeric 
A)  knockout 
B)  transgenic 
C)  cloned 
D)  chimeric

Question 11

Explain what is meant by face, predictive, and construct validity. Which is most important for the development of clinically useful medications?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what is meant by face, predictive,...

Question 12

Electroencephalography

Accepted Answer

A)  is an invasive method for measuring brain activity. 
B)  measures action potentials from neurons. 
C)  is often used to record event-related potentials (ERPs). 
D)  can identify whether specific cells are active during sleep or waking. 
A)  is an invasive method for measuring brain activity. 
B)  measures action potentials from neurons. 
C)  is often used to record event-related potentials (ERPs). 
D)  can identify whether specific cells are active during sleep or waking.

Question 13

Describe the procedure of microdialysis, list its advantages, and provide an example of how it might be used to study the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the procedure of microdialysis, list its...

Question 14

Which behavioral test is paired correctly with what it is designed to measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Delayed-response test: anxiety 
B)  Conditioned place preference: reward 
C)  Elevated plus-maze: navigational ability 
D)  Conditioned emotional response: frustration 
A)  Delayed-response test: anxiety 
B)  Conditioned place preference: reward 
C)  Elevated plus-maze: navigational ability 
D)  Conditioned emotional response: frustration

Question 15

Which of the following is a limitation to studying fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in human subjects?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are not enough cases to study. 
B)  The studies are correlational only; one cannot assert that alcohol causes any particular effect. 
C)  There is very little evidence for FAS in children born to women in the United States. 
D)  It is impossible to obtain permission to conduct this type of research. 
A)  There are not enough cases to study. 
B)  The studies are correlational only; one cannot assert that alcohol causes any particular effect. 
C)  There is very little evidence for FAS in children born to women in the United States. 
D)  It is impossible to obtain permission to conduct this type of research.

Question 16

Which statement about translational research is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves the transfer of discoveries from basic science research into clinical applications. 
B)  It was developed within the last decade. 
C)  It involves development of different tasks and methods for animals and humans to better understand differences among them. 
D)  It seeks to develop drugs in the treatment of both human and nonhuman animals' neurological disorders. 
A)  It involves the transfer of discoveries from basic science research into clinical applications. 
B)  It was developed within the last decade. 
C)  It involves development of different tasks and methods for animals and humans to better understand differences among them. 
D)  It seeks to develop drugs in the treatment of both human and nonhuman animals' neurological disorders.

Question 17

A well-designed behavioral pharmacology study would include an experimental treatment group that is compared to a(n) _______ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  placebo 
B)  nocebo 
C)  pre-trial 
D)  affected 
A)  placebo 
B)  nocebo 
C)  pre-trial 
D)  affected

Question 18

Explain how genetic manipulations, brain lesions, and parallel tasks are important for translational research. Make sure to explain what translational research is.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how genetic manipulations, brain lesions, and...

Question 19

If you wanted to determine which part of the brain is active while a person is solving a specific task, such as navigating or completing a puzzle, the technique you would choose is

Accepted Answer

A)  2-deoxyglucose autoradiography. 
B)  diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). 
C)  positron emission tomography (PET). 
D)  electroencephalography (EEG). 
A)  2-deoxyglucose autoradiography. 
B)  diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). 
C)  positron emission tomography (PET). 
D)  electroencephalography (EEG).

Question 20

In one study, mice that were genetically engineered to express R6/2 (the Huntington's disease gene) exhibited motor disturbances that _______ and these mice also showed _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  improved over time; enhanced cognitive function 
B)  were present from birth onward; a tendency to develop diabetes 
C)  worsened over time; a shortened life span 
D)  disappeared with practice; spatial learning deficits 
A)  improved over time; enhanced cognitive function 
B)  were present from birth onward; a tendency to develop diabetes 
C)  worsened over time; a shortened life span 
D)  disappeared with practice; spatial learning deficits

What does in situ hybridization (ISH) measure? Why would a researcher choose this method as opposed to a procedure like immunocytochemistry (ICC)?

Which method uses microelectrodes to record the activity of neurochemicals in the extracellular fluid of freely moving animals?

Macroelectrodes are used to

List the two human brain imaging techniques that provide a static picture of the brain, and two techniques that can determine the amount of activity in different brain areas.

In microdialysis,

The Health Extension Act of 1985 states that

The halo bracket is used for brain surgery on

The CT scan

Which of the following is not a reason that functional MRI (fMRI) is preferred over PET imaging?

A _______ mouse is a one whose genome has a specific mutation that allows a researcher to study the subsequent altered brain function and behavior.

Explain what is meant by face, predictive, and construct validity. Which is most important for the development of clinically useful medications?

Electroencephalography

Describe the procedure of microdialysis, list its advantages, and provide an example of how it might be used to study the nervous system.

Which behavioral test is paired correctly with what it is designed to measure?

Which of the following is a limitation to studying fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in human subjects?

Which statement about translational research is true?

A well-designed behavioral pharmacology study would include an experimental treatment group that is compared to a(n) _______ group.

Explain how genetic manipulations, brain lesions, and parallel tasks are important for translational research. Make sure to explain what translational research is.

If you wanted to determine which part of the brain is active while a person is solving a specific task, such as navigating or completing a puzzle, the technique you would choose is

In one study, mice that were genetically engineered to express R6/2 (the Huntington's disease gene) exhibited motor disturbances that _ and these mice also showed _.

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 4: Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

What does in situ hybridization (ISH) measure? Why would a researcher choose this method as opposed to a procedure like immunocytochemistry (ICC)?

Which method uses microelectrodes to record the activity of neurochemicals in the extracellular fluid of freely moving animals?

Macroelectrodes are used to

List the two human brain imaging techniques that provide a static picture of the brain, and two techniques that can determine the amount of activity in different brain areas.

In microdialysis,

The Health Extension Act of 1985 states that

The halo bracket is used for brain surgery on

The CT scan

Which of the following is not a reason that functional MRI (fMRI) is preferred over PET imaging?

A _______ mouse is a one whose genome has a specific mutation that allows a researcher to study the subsequent altered brain function and behavior.

Explain what is meant by face, predictive, and construct validity. Which is most important for the development of clinically useful medications?

Electroencephalography

Describe the procedure of microdialysis, list its advantages, and provide an example of how it might be used to study the nervous system.

Which behavioral test is paired correctly with what it is designed to measure?

Which of the following is a limitation to studying fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in human subjects?

Which statement about translational research is true?

A well-designed behavioral pharmacology study would include an experimental treatment group that is compared to a(n) _______ group.

Explain how genetic manipulations, brain lesions, and parallel tasks are important for translational research. Make sure to explain what translational research is.

If you wanted to determine which part of the brain is active while a person is solving a specific task, such as navigating or completing a puzzle, the technique you would choose is

In one study, mice that were genetically engineered to express R6/2 (the Huntington's disease gene) exhibited motor disturbances that _______ and these mice also showed _______.

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

In one study, mice that were genetically engineered to express R6/2 (the Huntington's disease gene) exhibited motor disturbances that _ and these mice also showed _.