Question 1

One major advantage of the MRI scan is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it provides all the information that is needed in one slice. 
B)  the images it provides offer incredible detail of the brain. 
C)  it can show changes in brain activity over time. 
D)  it can be used in conjunction with cognitive and behavioral tasks. 
A)  it provides all the information that is needed in one slice. 
B)  the images it provides offer incredible detail of the brain. 
C)  it can show changes in brain activity over time. 
D)  it can be used in conjunction with cognitive and behavioral tasks.

Question 2

The greatest advantage of using animals over human subjects in psychopharmacological research is that

Accepted Answer

A)  assessing emotional and psychological changes in response to experimental manipulations is relatively straightforward in nonhuman subjects. 
B)  living conditions, such as stress level, diet, exercise, etc. can be precisely controlled. 
C)  animals are much less likely to express stress in test conditions. 
D)  animals recover much more quickly from drug experiments. 
A)  assessing emotional and psychological changes in response to experimental manipulations is relatively straightforward in nonhuman subjects. 
B)  living conditions, such as stress level, diet, exercise, etc. can be precisely controlled. 
C)  animals are much less likely to express stress in test conditions. 
D)  animals recover much more quickly from drug experiments.

Question 3

A horticulturist is trying to produce a new fertilizer that creates larger rose flowers. In her experiment she treats 10 plants with no fertilizer, 10 plants with a fertilizer already known to increase the size of rose flowers, and 10 plants with the new fertilizer she is testing. The plants with no fertilizer are the _______ group, the plants with the known fertilizer are the _______ group, and the plants treated with the new fertilizer are the _______ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative; treatment; positive 
B)  positive; negative; treatment 
C)  negative; positive; treatment 
D)  treatment; negative; positive 
A)  negative; treatment; positive 
B)  positive; negative; treatment 
C)  negative; positive; treatment 
D)  treatment; negative; positive

Question 4

Identify and describe the criteria that must be met if we are to assume that the radioligand is, in fact, binding to the target receptors.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary.)
@#LAT-DLM&The binding should be

Question 5

Animals will self-administer

Accepted Answer

A)  antidepressants. 
B)  antipsychotics. 
C)  nicotine. 
D)  marijuana. 
A)  antidepressants. 
B)  antipsychotics. 
C)  nicotine. 
D)  marijuana.

Question 6

Identify several common behavioral measures of learning/memory and emotions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify several common behavioral measures of learning/memory...

Question 7

Describe one of the operant conditioning paradigms that are often used to study the effects of drugs on the nervous system. What does the breakpoint signify in self-administration procedures?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe one of the operant conditioning paradigms...

Question 8

If a researcher wanted to disrupt a specific dopamine pathway, which method would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrolytic lesion 
B)  Administration of kainic acid 
C)  Administration of ibotenic acid 
D)  Administration of neurotoxin 6-OHDA 
A)  Electrolytic lesion 
B)  Administration of kainic acid 
C)  Administration of ibotenic acid 
D)  Administration of neurotoxin 6-OHDA

Question 9

The _______ is a test of analgesia.

Accepted Answer

A)  open field test 
B)  catalepsy test 
C)  tail-flick test 
D)  multiple T-maze 
A)  open field test 
B)  catalepsy test 
C)  tail-flick test 
D)  multiple T-maze

Question 10

How do researchers know the proper location to place electrodes or a cannula in the brains of animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  They use an atlas and landmarks on the animal's skull. 
B)  They use a trial and error process based on their own prior studies. 
C)  They guide an electrode with information from MRI or CT scans. 
D)  The electrode is stimulated as it is moved until the expected response is found. 
A)  They use an atlas and landmarks on the animal's skull. 
B)  They use a trial and error process based on their own prior studies. 
C)  They guide an electrode with information from MRI or CT scans. 
D)  The electrode is stimulated as it is moved until the expected response is found.

Question 11

Describe how the procedure of stereotaxic surgery is used for the purpose of producing lesions. Compare the benefits and drawbacks of using electrolytic and neurotoxic lesions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how the procedure of stereotaxic surgery...

Question 12

Stereotaxic surgery requires the knowledge (intersection) of _______ coordinate(s) in order to target a particular brain area.

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four

Question 13

Why is a neurotoxin lesion preferred over an electrolytic lesion?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is less painful to animals than the electrolytic lesion. 
B)  It is easier to perform than the electrolytic lesion. 
C)  It is more selective than the electrolytic lesion because it destroys cell bodies only. 
D)  It has a stronger, more easily detected behavioral effect than the electrolytic lesion. 
A)  It is less painful to animals than the electrolytic lesion. 
B)  It is easier to perform than the electrolytic lesion. 
C)  It is more selective than the electrolytic lesion because it destroys cell bodies only. 
D)  It has a stronger, more easily detected behavioral effect than the electrolytic lesion.

Question 14

Which of the following is not part of the procedure and/or interpretation of radioligand binding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tissue is incubated with radioligand. 
B)  Specificity is measured by adding radioactive competing ligand. 
C)  Saturability is measured by adding increasing amounts of ligand. 
D)  Reversibility is measured by showing displacement of ligand by drug. 
A)  Tissue is incubated with radioligand. 
B)  Specificity is measured by adding radioactive competing ligand. 
C)  Saturability is measured by adding increasing amounts of ligand. 
D)  Reversibility is measured by showing displacement of ligand by drug.

Question 15

Name and describe three methods that are used to visualize the quantity and location of receptors in the brain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and describe three methods that are...

Question 16

What is CRISPR technology? What are its potential negative effects and risks? What event in 2018 sparked the debate on the use of CRISPR in editing the human genome?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is CRISPR technology? What are its...

Question 17

In radioligand binding studies, _______ represents the number of binding sites and _______ is an indication of receptor affinity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bmax; k1 
B)  k-1; Kd 
C)  k1; k-1 
D)  Bmax; Kd 
A)  Bmax; k1 
B)  k-1; Kd 
C)  k1; k-1 
D)  Bmax; Kd

Question 18

If a neurologist seeks to determine an actual protein being expressed at a given time in the brain, she would choose _______ technology over _______ technology.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA microarray; RNA-seq 
B)  RNA-seq; DNA microarray 
C)  in situ hybridization; RNA-seq 
D)  in situ hybridization; immunosorbent assay 
A)  DNA microarray; RNA-seq 
B)  RNA-seq; DNA microarray 
C)  in situ hybridization; RNA-seq 
D)  in situ hybridization; immunosorbent assay

Question 19

Explain how drug discrimination training works and why it is useful. Include specific examples in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how drug discrimination training works and...

Question 20

DNA microarrays are used to

Accepted Answer

A)  quantify neurochemicals in the brain. 
B)  aid in identification of the genes that switch on and off together in response to drugs and diseases. 
C)  measure the metabolic activity of the brain. 
D)  locate molecules within cells via antibody tagging. 
A)  quantify neurochemicals in the brain. 
B)  aid in identification of the genes that switch on and off together in response to drugs and diseases. 
C)  measure the metabolic activity of the brain. 
D)  locate molecules within cells via antibody tagging.

One major advantage of the MRI scan is that

The greatest advantage of using animals over human subjects in psychopharmacological research is that

Identify and describe the criteria that must be met if we are to assume that the radioligand is, in fact, binding to the target receptors.

Animals will self-administer

Identify several common behavioral measures of learning/memory and emotions.

Describe one of the operant conditioning paradigms that are often used to study the effects of drugs on the nervous system. What does the breakpoint signify in self-administration procedures?

If a researcher wanted to disrupt a specific dopamine pathway, which method would be most effective?

The _______ is a test of analgesia.

How do researchers know the proper location to place electrodes or a cannula in the brains of animals?

Describe how the procedure of stereotaxic surgery is used for the purpose of producing lesions. Compare the benefits and drawbacks of using electrolytic and neurotoxic lesions.

Stereotaxic surgery requires the knowledge (intersection) of _______ coordinate(s) in order to target a particular brain area.

Why is a neurotoxin lesion preferred over an electrolytic lesion?

Which of the following is not part of the procedure and/or interpretation of radioligand binding?

Name and describe three methods that are used to visualize the quantity and location of receptors in the brain.

What is CRISPR technology? What are its potential negative effects and risks? What event in 2018 sparked the debate on the use of CRISPR in editing the human genome?

In radioligand binding studies, _ represents the number of binding sites and _ is an indication of receptor affinity.

If a neurologist seeks to determine an actual protein being expressed at a given time in the brain, she would choose _ technology over _ technology.

Explain how drug discrimination training works and why it is useful. Include specific examples in your answer.

DNA microarrays are used to

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 4: Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

One major advantage of the MRI scan is that

The greatest advantage of using animals over human subjects in psychopharmacological research is that

Identify and describe the criteria that must be met if we are to assume that the radioligand is, in fact, binding to the target receptors.

Animals will self-administer

Identify several common behavioral measures of learning/memory and emotions.

Describe one of the operant conditioning paradigms that are often used to study the effects of drugs on the nervous system. What does the breakpoint signify in self-administration procedures?

If a researcher wanted to disrupt a specific dopamine pathway, which method would be most effective?

The _______ is a test of analgesia.

How do researchers know the proper location to place electrodes or a cannula in the brains of animals?

Describe how the procedure of stereotaxic surgery is used for the purpose of producing lesions. Compare the benefits and drawbacks of using electrolytic and neurotoxic lesions.

Stereotaxic surgery requires the knowledge (intersection) of _______ coordinate(s) in order to target a particular brain area.

Why is a neurotoxin lesion preferred over an electrolytic lesion?

Which of the following is not part of the procedure and/or interpretation of radioligand binding?

Name and describe three methods that are used to visualize the quantity and location of receptors in the brain.

What is CRISPR technology? What are its potential negative effects and risks? What event in 2018 sparked the debate on the use of CRISPR in editing the human genome?

In radioligand binding studies, _______ represents the number of binding sites and _______ is an indication of receptor affinity.

If a neurologist seeks to determine an actual protein being expressed at a given time in the brain, she would choose _______ technology over _______ technology.

Explain how drug discrimination training works and why it is useful. Include specific examples in your answer.

DNA microarrays are used to

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

In radioligand binding studies, _ represents the number of binding sites and _ is an indication of receptor affinity.

If a neurologist seeks to determine an actual protein being expressed at a given time in the brain, she would choose _ technology over _ technology.