Question 1

Two primary features of the contemporary idea of addiction are _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  craving; substance abuse 
B)  physical dependence; relapse 
C)  craving; relapse 
D)  withdrawal; relapse 
A)  craving; substance abuse 
B)  physical dependence; relapse 
C)  craving; relapse 
D)  withdrawal; relapse C

Question 2

Chronic drug exposure can result in either an epigenetically primed gene or a desensitized gene, which then results in _______ of the gene when the animal is subsequently presented with the same drug.

Accepted Answer

A)  over-expression 
B)  under-expression 
C)  activated or repressed transcription 
D)  under-expression or silencing 
A)  over-expression 
B)  under-expression 
C)  activated or repressed transcription 
D)  under-expression or silencing C

Question 3

Distinguish drug wanting from drug liking. How can drug wanting increase at the same time that drug liking decreases?

Accepted Answer

Liking refers to the pleasurable aspects of the drug, such as relaxation, stimulation, or a "high." Wanting is the motivational aspect of drug reward and the environmental cues associated with that reward. As individuals progress through the addiction cycle, drug tolerance increases and thus drug reward (the subjective positive effects of the drug) may simultaneously decline. According to the incentive sensitization theory, the user experiences a marked increase in wanting the drug even though there may be decrease in drug "liking."

Question 4

The DSM-5 groups ten designated classes of drugs into a group called "substance-related disorders." What is the rationale for this grouping?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although these drugs all have very different circuitry, they all share abuse potential. 
B)  These drugs all share the ability to activate the neural circuitry that mediates "reward." 
C)  These drugs all can produce a strong physical dependence and withdrawal. 
D)  Studies have shown that addiction to these drugs is always fatal. 
A)  Although these drugs all have very different circuitry, they all share abuse potential. 
B)  These drugs all share the ability to activate the neural circuitry that mediates "reward." 
C)  These drugs all can produce a strong physical dependence and withdrawal. 
D)  Studies have shown that addiction to these drugs is always fatal.

Question 5

In 1914, the passage of the _______ regulated use and dispensing of opioid drugs and cocaine.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pure Food and Drug Act 
B)  Harrison Act 
C)  Marijuana Tax Act 
D)  Controlled Substances Act 
A)  Pure Food and Drug Act 
B)  Harrison Act 
C)  Marijuana Tax Act 
D)  Controlled Substances Act

Question 6

According to the incentive sensitization theory of addiction, as a person develops a drug addiction, the user experiences an increase in _______, with no change or even a decrease in _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  drug liking; drug wanting 
B)  drug wanting; drug liking 
C)  drug reward; drug craving 
D)  positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement 
A)  drug liking; drug wanting 
B)  drug wanting; drug liking 
C)  drug reward; drug craving 
D)  positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement

Question 7

Identify the major pieces of federal drug legislation and the purpose of each. What effect did these laws have on drug use in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the major pieces of federal drug...

Question 8

According to the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 139 million Americans _______ and more than 58 million Americans _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  smoked marijuana; drank alcohol 
B)  drank alcohol; used tobacco 
C)  drank alcohol; used cocaine or heroin 
D)  used tobacco; used one or more illicit drugs 
A)  smoked marijuana; drank alcohol 
B)  drank alcohol; used tobacco 
C)  drank alcohol; used cocaine or heroin 
D)  used tobacco; used one or more illicit drugs

Question 9

Describe some of the risk factors for developing drug addiction and some of the protective factors that may reduce risk.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe some of the risk factors for...

Question 10

Which brain regions have been implicated in the preoccupation/anticipation stage of drug use?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which brain regions have been implicated in...

Question 11

Describe the neurochemical changes thought to underlie the transition from positive to negative reinforcement in addiction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the neurochemical changes thought to underlie...

Question 12

The relative strength of drug reinforcement can be measured using a _______ schedule of drug self-administration.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  variable-ratio 
C)  progressive-ratio 
D)  progressive-interval 
A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  variable-ratio 
C)  progressive-ratio 
D)  progressive-interval

Question 13

Which drug of abuse would you most expect to see multiple members of one genetically-related family be susceptible to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cocaine 
B)  Marijuana 
C)  Heroin 
D)  Psychedelics 
A)  Cocaine 
B)  Marijuana 
C)  Heroin 
D)  Psychedelics

Question 14

Drug-induced plasticity was demonstrated in an experiment using mice in which an injection of cocaine _______ the responsiveness of synapses between glutamatergic fibers and _______ neurons in the VTA.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased; postsynaptic 
B)  decreased; postsynaptic 
C)  increased; presynaptic 
D)  decreased; presynaptic 
A)  increased; postsynaptic 
B)  decreased; postsynaptic 
C)  increased; presynaptic 
D)  decreased; presynaptic

Question 15

The drug discrimination paradigm can be used to determine all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  whether an animal can readily discriminate a drug from a vehicle, such as saline. 
B)  whether the effects of one drug "generalize" to that of another. 
C)  how hard an animal is willing to work for a drug. 
D)  "dose equivalents" of different drugs that can produce a similar internal state. 
A)  whether an animal can readily discriminate a drug from a vehicle, such as saline. 
B)  whether the effects of one drug "generalize" to that of another. 
C)  how hard an animal is willing to work for a drug. 
D)  "dose equivalents" of different drugs that can produce a similar internal state.

Question 16

In a progressive-ratio procedure, the response requirement at which an animal stops responding for drug is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  saturation point. 
B)  breakpoint. 
C)  quit point. 
D)  intoxication point. 
A)  saturation point. 
B)  breakpoint. 
C)  quit point. 
D)  intoxication point.

Question 17

The distressing emotional state experienced during withdrawal, including feelings of dejection and poor mood, is called _______, which _______ over escalating drug use.

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperkinesia; decreases 
B)  hyperkatifeia; increases 
C)  rebound; decreases 
D)  relapse; increases 
A)  hyperkinesia; decreases 
B)  hyperkatifeia; increases 
C)  rebound; decreases 
D)  relapse; increases

Question 18

What is the value in looking at addiction as a disease? What are the criticisms of the disease model of addiction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the value in looking at...

Question 19

Because of early theories equating addiction with _______, the drug _______ was not thought to be an addictive substance.

Accepted Answer

A)  euphoria; cocaine 
B)  physical dependence; cocaine 
C)  physical dependence; morphine 
D)  euphoria; morphine 
A)  euphoria; cocaine 
B)  physical dependence; cocaine 
C)  physical dependence; morphine 
D)  euphoria; morphine

Question 20

Which of the following correctly represents the addiction phases in the progression of drug use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Non-problematic use $\rightarrow$problematic use $\rightarrow$ escalation of use $\rightarrow$ abstinence $\rightarrow$ withdrawal 
B)  Non-problematic use $\rightarrow$escalation of use $\rightarrow$ problematic use $\rightarrow$ abstinence $\rightarrow$ withdrawal 
C)  Abstinence $\rightarrow$ non-problematic use $\rightarrow$escalation of use $\rightarrow$ problematic use $\rightarrow$ withdrawal 
D)  Escalation of use $\rightarrow$ withdrawal $\rightarrow$ abstinence $\rightarrow$ non-problematic use $\rightarrow$ problematic use 
A)  Non-problematic use $\rightarrow$problematic use $\rightarrow$ escalation of use $\rightarrow$ abstinence $\rightarrow$ withdrawal 
B)  Non-problematic use $\rightarrow$escalation of use $\rightarrow$ problematic use $\rightarrow$ abstinence $\rightarrow$ withdrawal 
C)  Abstinence $\rightarrow$ non-problematic use $\rightarrow$escalation of use $\rightarrow$ problematic use $\rightarrow$ withdrawal 
D)  Escalation of use $\rightarrow$ withdrawal $\rightarrow$ abstinence $\rightarrow$ non-problematic use $\rightarrow$ problematic use

Two primary features of the contemporary idea of addiction are _ and _.

Chronic drug exposure can result in either an epigenetically primed gene or a desensitized gene, which then results in _______ of the gene when the animal is subsequently presented with the same drug.

Distinguish drug wanting from drug liking. How can drug wanting increase at the same time that drug liking decreases?

The DSM-5 groups ten designated classes of drugs into a group called "substance-related disorders." What is the rationale for this grouping?

In 1914, the passage of the _______ regulated use and dispensing of opioid drugs and cocaine.

According to the incentive sensitization theory of addiction, as a person develops a drug addiction, the user experiences an increase in _, with no change or even a decrease in _.

Identify the major pieces of federal drug legislation and the purpose of each. What effect did these laws have on drug use in the United States?

According to the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 139 million Americans _ and more than 58 million Americans _.

Describe some of the risk factors for developing drug addiction and some of the protective factors that may reduce risk.

Which brain regions have been implicated in the preoccupation/anticipation stage of drug use?

Describe the neurochemical changes thought to underlie the transition from positive to negative reinforcement in addiction.

The relative strength of drug reinforcement can be measured using a _______ schedule of drug self-administration.

Which drug of abuse would you most expect to see multiple members of one genetically-related family be susceptible to?

Drug-induced plasticity was demonstrated in an experiment using mice in which an injection of cocaine _ the responsiveness of synapses between glutamatergic fibers and _ neurons in the VTA.

The drug discrimination paradigm can be used to determine all of the following except

In a progressive-ratio procedure, the response requirement at which an animal stops responding for drug is called the

The distressing emotional state experienced during withdrawal, including feelings of dejection and poor mood, is called _, which _ over escalating drug use.

What is the value in looking at addiction as a disease? What are the criticisms of the disease model of addiction?

Because of early theories equating addiction with _, the drug _ was not thought to be an addictive substance.

Which of the following correctly represents the addiction phases in the progression of drug use?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 9: Drug Abuse and Addiction

Two primary features of the contemporary idea of addiction are _______ and _______.

Chronic drug exposure can result in either an epigenetically primed gene or a desensitized gene, which then results in _______ of the gene when the animal is subsequently presented with the same drug.

Distinguish drug wanting from drug liking. How can drug wanting increase at the same time that drug liking decreases?

The DSM-5 groups ten designated classes of drugs into a group called "substance-related disorders." What is the rationale for this grouping?

In 1914, the passage of the _______ regulated use and dispensing of opioid drugs and cocaine.

According to the incentive sensitization theory of addiction, as a person develops a drug addiction, the user experiences an increase in _______, with no change or even a decrease in _______.

Identify the major pieces of federal drug legislation and the purpose of each. What effect did these laws have on drug use in the United States?

According to the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 139 million Americans _______ and more than 58 million Americans _______.

Describe some of the risk factors for developing drug addiction and some of the protective factors that may reduce risk.

Which brain regions have been implicated in the preoccupation/anticipation stage of drug use?

Describe the neurochemical changes thought to underlie the transition from positive to negative reinforcement in addiction.

The relative strength of drug reinforcement can be measured using a _______ schedule of drug self-administration.

Which drug of abuse would you most expect to see multiple members of one genetically-related family be susceptible to?

Drug-induced plasticity was demonstrated in an experiment using mice in which an injection of cocaine _______ the responsiveness of synapses between glutamatergic fibers and _______ neurons in the VTA.

The drug discrimination paradigm can be used to determine all of the following except

In a progressive-ratio procedure, the response requirement at which an animal stops responding for drug is called the

The distressing emotional state experienced during withdrawal, including feelings of dejection and poor mood, is called _______, which _______ over escalating drug use.

What is the value in looking at addiction as a disease? What are the criticisms of the disease model of addiction?

Because of early theories equating addiction with _______, the drug _______ was not thought to be an addictive substance.

Which of the following correctly represents the addiction phases in the progression of drug use?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Two primary features of the contemporary idea of addiction are _ and _.

According to the incentive sensitization theory of addiction, as a person develops a drug addiction, the user experiences an increase in _, with no change or even a decrease in _.

According to the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 139 million Americans _ and more than 58 million Americans _.

Drug-induced plasticity was demonstrated in an experiment using mice in which an injection of cocaine _ the responsiveness of synapses between glutamatergic fibers and _ neurons in the VTA.

The distressing emotional state experienced during withdrawal, including feelings of dejection and poor mood, is called _, which _ over escalating drug use.

Because of early theories equating addiction with _, the drug _ was not thought to be an addictive substance.