Question 1

The specific molecular changes that occur when a drug binds to a particular target site or receptor are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  drug effects. 
B)  drug action. 
C)  side effects. 
D)  placebo effects. 
A)  drug effects. 
B)  drug action. 
C)  side effects. 
D)  placebo effects. B

Question 2

Due to _______, antidepressants known as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) can cause cardiac arrhythmias and high blood pressure in patients that consume foods high in tyramine.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitization 
B)  tolerance 
C)  drug competition 
D)  enzyme inhibition 
A)  sensitization 
B)  tolerance 
C)  drug competition 
D)  enzyme inhibition D

Question 3

List the factors that can influence biotransformation, and briefly explain how they can lead to individual differences in drug response.

Accepted Answer

Biotransformation can be influenced by enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition, drug competition, and individual differences in age, gender, and genetics. The increase in metabolizing enzymes (induction) increases the rate of biotransformation, causing tolerance. Inhibition of an enzyme by a drug increases the blood level of other drugs metabolized by that enzyme, causing toxicity. When two drugs compete for the limited number of enzyme molecules, higher blood levels of one or both may occur. Both young and older individuals can have reduced metabolic capacity; men and women vary in enzyme activity, and genetic polymorphisms alter the rate of biotransformation.

Question 4

People with alcohol addiction have been known to self-administer alcohol rectally instead of orally. What are the dangers this practice?

Accepted Answer

The answer of People with alcohol addiction have been known...

Question 5

In the dose-response curve, a decrease in potency is indicated by a shift

Accepted Answer

A)  to the left. 
B)  to the right. 
C)  upward. 
D)  downward. 
A)  to the left. 
B)  to the right. 
C)  upward. 
D)  downward.

Question 6

Both agonists and antagonists have _______ but only agonists have appreciable _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  interactions; affinity 
B)  affinity; bioavailability 
C)  efficacy; affinity 
D)  affinity; efficacy 
A)  interactions; affinity 
B)  affinity; bioavailability 
C)  efficacy; affinity 
D)  affinity; efficacy

Question 7

Define and explain receptor up-regulation and down-regulation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define and explain receptor up-regulation and down-regulation....

Question 8

Depot binding is said to occur when drugs

Accepted Answer

A)  bind to their target sites. 
B)  bind to inactive sites. 
C)  compete for binding sites. 
D)  are excreted before binding. 
A)  bind to their target sites. 
B)  bind to inactive sites. 
C)  compete for binding sites. 
D)  are excreted before binding.

Question 9

_______ refer(s) to specific molecular changes that occur when a drug binds to a particular target site or receptor, while _______ are the resulting widespread alterations in function.

Accepted Answer

A)  Drug action; therapeutic effects 
B)  Side effects; drug effects 
C)  Therapeutic effects; side effects 
D)  Drug action; drug effects 
A)  Drug action; therapeutic effects 
B)  Side effects; drug effects 
C)  Therapeutic effects; side effects 
D)  Drug action; drug effects

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios illustrates the nocebo effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants are warned about potential negative side effects of a drug, and experience negative effects even though the actual drug that administered is completely inert. 
B)  Participants are warned about potential negative side effects of a drug but do not experience effects because the actual drug that was administered is completely inert. 
C)  Participants are not warned about potential negative side effects of a drug that can produce negative side effects, but do not experience the effects because they don't expect them. 
D)  Participants are not warned about potential negative side effects of a drug because they are being given an inert substance, but they do experience side effects due to the anxiety of not knowing. 
A)  Participants are warned about potential negative side effects of a drug, and experience negative effects even though the actual drug that administered is completely inert. 
B)  Participants are warned about potential negative side effects of a drug but do not experience effects because the actual drug that was administered is completely inert. 
C)  Participants are not warned about potential negative side effects of a drug that can produce negative side effects, but do not experience the effects because they don't expect them. 
D)  Participants are not warned about potential negative side effects of a drug because they are being given an inert substance, but they do experience side effects due to the anxiety of not knowing.

Question 11

What is state-dependent learning? Why does it occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is state-dependent learning? Why does it...

Question 12

List and briefly describe the five major factors that determine the pharmacokinetics of drug action.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and briefly describe the five major...

Question 13

While pharmacokinetics describes how the body deals with drugs, _______ describes how drug molecules interact with their targets.

Accepted Answer

A)  drug effects 
B)  pharmacodynamics 
C)  antagonist actions 
D)  agonist actions 
A)  drug effects 
B)  pharmacodynamics 
C)  antagonist actions 
D)  agonist actions

Question 14

Which factor does not affect the pharmacokinetics of a drug?

Accepted Answer

A)  Route of administration 
B)  Lipid solubility 
C)  Depot binding 
D)  Drug action 
A)  Route of administration 
B)  Lipid solubility 
C)  Depot binding 
D)  Drug action

Question 15

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is an example of a drug that is eliminated

Accepted Answer

A)  by first-order kinetics. 
B)  by zero-order kinetics. 
C)  by second-order kinetics. 
D)  at the point that six half-lives have passed. 
A)  by first-order kinetics. 
B)  by zero-order kinetics. 
C)  by second-order kinetics. 
D)  at the point that six half-lives have passed.

Question 16

Toxic substances in the blood trigger a vomiting response by activating the

Accepted Answer

A)  blood-brain barrier. 
B)  choroid plexus. 
C)  area postrema. 
D)  median eminence. 
A)  blood-brain barrier. 
B)  choroid plexus. 
C)  area postrema. 
D)  median eminence.

Question 17

_______ tolerance occurs as a result of cellular adaptation to the presence of a specific drug.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross 
B)  Drug disposition 
C)  Pharmacodynamic 
D)  Behavioral 
A)  Cross 
B)  Drug disposition 
C)  Pharmacodynamic 
D)  Behavioral

Question 18

Drug metabolism mostly occurs in the _______ and usually makes a drug more _______ soluble.

Accepted Answer

A)  kidneys; fat 
B)  liver; fat 
C)  liver; water 
D)  kidneys; water 
A)  kidneys; fat 
B)  liver; fat 
C)  liver; water 
D)  kidneys; water

Question 19

A pharmacoepigenetic approach to drug response

Accepted Answer

A)  takes into account only those factors that are related to behavioral factors. 
B)  takes into account factors that can alter gene function that the result of environmental and behavioral factors. 
C)  involves testing drugs among individuals with different blood types. 
D)  involves testing drugs at different levels over a set period of time to find the appropriate dose. 
A)  takes into account only those factors that are related to behavioral factors. 
B)  takes into account factors that can alter gene function that the result of environmental and behavioral factors. 
C)  involves testing drugs among individuals with different blood types. 
D)  involves testing drugs at different levels over a set period of time to find the appropriate dose.

Question 20

Define the therapeutic index and describe how it is calculated and why it is important.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the therapeutic index and describe how...

The specific molecular changes that occur when a drug binds to a particular target site or receptor are referred to as

Due to _______, antidepressants known as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) can cause cardiac arrhythmias and high blood pressure in patients that consume foods high in tyramine.

List the factors that can influence biotransformation, and briefly explain how they can lead to individual differences in drug response.

People with alcohol addiction have been known to self-administer alcohol rectally instead of orally. What are the dangers this practice?

In the dose-response curve, a decrease in potency is indicated by a shift

Both agonists and antagonists have _ but only agonists have appreciable _.

Define and explain receptor up-regulation and down-regulation.

Depot binding is said to occur when drugs

_ refer(s) to specific molecular changes that occur when a drug binds to a particular target site or receptor, while _ are the resulting widespread alterations in function.

Which of the following scenarios illustrates the nocebo effect?

What is state-dependent learning? Why does it occur?

List and briefly describe the five major factors that determine the pharmacokinetics of drug action.

While pharmacokinetics describes how the body deals with drugs, _______ describes how drug molecules interact with their targets.

Which factor does not affect the pharmacokinetics of a drug?

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is an example of a drug that is eliminated

Toxic substances in the blood trigger a vomiting response by activating the

_______ tolerance occurs as a result of cellular adaptation to the presence of a specific drug.

Drug metabolism mostly occurs in the _ and usually makes a drug more _ soluble.

A pharmacoepigenetic approach to drug response

Define the therapeutic index and describe how it is calculated and why it is important.

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 1: Principles of Pharmacology

The specific molecular changes that occur when a drug binds to a particular target site or receptor are referred to as

Due to _______, antidepressants known as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) can cause cardiac arrhythmias and high blood pressure in patients that consume foods high in tyramine.

List the factors that can influence biotransformation, and briefly explain how they can lead to individual differences in drug response.

People with alcohol addiction have been known to self-administer alcohol rectally instead of orally. What are the dangers this practice?

In the dose-response curve, a decrease in potency is indicated by a shift

Both agonists and antagonists have _______ but only agonists have appreciable _______.

Define and explain receptor up-regulation and down-regulation.

Depot binding is said to occur when drugs

_______ refer(s) to specific molecular changes that occur when a drug binds to a particular target site or receptor, while _______ are the resulting widespread alterations in function.

Which of the following scenarios illustrates the nocebo effect?

What is state-dependent learning? Why does it occur?

List and briefly describe the five major factors that determine the pharmacokinetics of drug action.

While pharmacokinetics describes how the body deals with drugs, _______ describes how drug molecules interact with their targets.

Which factor does not affect the pharmacokinetics of a drug?

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is an example of a drug that is eliminated

Toxic substances in the blood trigger a vomiting response by activating the

_______ tolerance occurs as a result of cellular adaptation to the presence of a specific drug.

Drug metabolism mostly occurs in the _______ and usually makes a drug more _______ soluble.

A pharmacoepigenetic approach to drug response

Define the therapeutic index and describe how it is calculated and why it is important.

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Both agonists and antagonists have _ but only agonists have appreciable _.

_ refer(s) to specific molecular changes that occur when a drug binds to a particular target site or receptor, while _ are the resulting widespread alterations in function.

Drug metabolism mostly occurs in the _ and usually makes a drug more _ soluble.