Question 1

Which of the following is not a possible explanation for placebo effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlovian conditioning 
B)  Genetic variation 
C)  Drug competition 
D)  Expectation of outcome 
A)  Pavlovian conditioning 
B)  Genetic variation 
C)  Drug competition 
D)  Expectation of outcome

Question 2

While drugs can be excreted from the body by several routes, the most important route of elimination is through the

Accepted Answer

A)  breath. 
B)  sweat. 
C)  feces. 
D)  urine. 
A)  breath. 
B)  sweat. 
C)  feces. 
D)  urine.

Question 3

Which factor does not cause tolerance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conditioning 
B)  Increased activity of liver enzymes 
C)  Down-regulation of receptors 
D)  Decreased kidney function 
A)  Conditioning 
B)  Increased activity of liver enzymes 
C)  Down-regulation of receptors 
D)  Decreased kidney function

Question 4

Sensitization is most often seen with which class of drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Barbiturates 
B)  Psychomotor stimulants 
C)  Opiates 
D)  Hallucinogens 
A)  Barbiturates 
B)  Psychomotor stimulants 
C)  Opiates 
D)  Hallucinogens

Question 5

The baseline receptor function, which occurs when neurotransmitter receptors are active even without a neurotransmitter or drug agonist, is called

Accepted Answer

A)  constitutive activity. 
B)  the steady state. 
C)  maximal efficacy. 
D)  up-regulation. 
A)  constitutive activity. 
B)  the steady state. 
C)  maximal efficacy. 
D)  up-regulation.

Question 6

Which statement about water-soluble metabolites formed in the liver is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They may return to the circulation and act on target tissues. 
B)  They may be filtered out by the kidneys. 
C)  They may be excreted into bile. 
D)  They may be eliminated with the feces. 
A)  They may return to the circulation and act on target tissues. 
B)  They may be filtered out by the kidneys. 
C)  They may be excreted into bile. 
D)  They may be eliminated with the feces.

Question 7

Explain how pharmacogenetic approaches could lead to better pharmacological treatment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how pharmacogenetic approaches could lead to...

Question 8

Which type of drug administration would bypass the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sublingual administration, which involves placing the drug under the tongue. 
B)  Subcutaneous administration, in which case the drug is injected into a location just below the skin. 
C)  Intrathecal injection of anesthetic into the cerebrospinal fluid. 
D)  Transdermal administration with a skin patch that delivers the drug through the skin 
A)  Sublingual administration, which involves placing the drug under the tongue. 
B)  Subcutaneous administration, in which case the drug is injected into a location just below the skin. 
C)  Intrathecal injection of anesthetic into the cerebrospinal fluid. 
D)  Transdermal administration with a skin patch that delivers the drug through the skin

Question 9

While most _______ receptors are membrane-bound on the cell surface, many _______ receptors are intracellular.

Accepted Answer

A)  drug; neurotransmitter 
B)  hormone; drug 
C)  neurotransmitter; hormone 
D)  agonist; antagonist 
A)  drug; neurotransmitter 
B)  hormone; drug 
C)  neurotransmitter; hormone 
D)  agonist; antagonist

Question 10

Describe the recent method of drug administration that has been used to treat individuals with opioid addiction. What is the mechanism of action of this treatment that appears to make it successful?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the recent method of drug administration...

Question 11

The area postrema is one area in the brain where the _______ is not complete.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrospinal fluid 
B)  blood-brain barrier 
C)  choroid plexus 
D)  phospholipid membrane 
A)  cerebrospinal fluid 
B)  blood-brain barrier 
C)  choroid plexus 
D)  phospholipid membrane

Question 12

Which statement about microsomal enzymes in the liver is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are highly specific and act only on certain compounds. 
B)  They are located on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  The CYP450 family is one of the most important. 
D)  They can metabolize toxins and environmental pollutants as well as drugs. 
A)  They are highly specific and act only on certain compounds. 
B)  They are located on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  The CYP450 family is one of the most important. 
D)  They can metabolize toxins and environmental pollutants as well as drugs.

Question 13

Ionization of a drug depends on the _______ of the solution and the _______ of the drug.

Accepted Answer

A)  pH; pKa 
B)  pKa; pH 
C)  concentration; lipid solubility 
D)  pH; concentration 
A)  pH; pKa 
B)  pKa; pH 
C)  concentration; lipid solubility 
D)  pH; concentration

Question 14

The liver and kidneys work together to _______ and _______ drugs, respectively.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolize; excrete 
B)  excrete; metabolize 
C)  bind; metabolize 
D)  absorb; excrete 
A)  metabolize; excrete 
B)  excrete; metabolize 
C)  bind; metabolize 
D)  absorb; excrete

Question 15

First-pass metabolism occurs when drugs are taken

Accepted Answer

A)  orally. 
B)  intravenously. 
C)  subcutaneously. 
D)  nasally. 
A)  orally. 
B)  intravenously. 
C)  subcutaneously. 
D)  nasally.

Question 16

Draw the dose-response curves for two drugs with the same efficacy, given that Drug A is ten times as potent as Drug

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw the dose-response curves for two drugs...

Question 17

Most drugs and neurotransmitters act upon

Accepted Answer

A)  intracellular receptors. 
B)  membrane-bound receptors. 
C)  protein synthesis. 
D)  second messengers. 
A)  intracellular receptors. 
B)  membrane-bound receptors. 
C)  protein synthesis. 
D)  second messengers.

Question 18

First-pass metabolism occurs with orally administered drugs because

Accepted Answer

A)  their absorption is slowed by food. 
B)  drugs absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach go to the liver on the way to general circulation. 
C)  drugs must first survive the acidic environment of the stomach. 
D)  salivary enzymes in the mouth begin the process of metabolism. 
A)  their absorption is slowed by food. 
B)  drugs absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach go to the liver on the way to general circulation. 
C)  drugs must first survive the acidic environment of the stomach. 
D)  salivary enzymes in the mouth begin the process of metabolism.

Question 19

For some conditions, such as ADHD, medication is needed for only part of each day. In this case a _______ would be required, so as not to cause effects at unwanted times during the day.

Accepted Answer

A)  small dose of a drug 
B)  drug with a short half-life 
C)  drug with a long half-life 
D)  drug given subcutaneously 
A)  small dose of a drug 
B)  drug with a short half-life 
C)  drug with a long half-life 
D)  drug given subcutaneously

Question 20

The _______ index is a measure of drug safety and is calculated by comparing the dose of a drug that produces a particular drug-induced toxic effect in 50% of a given population with the dose of the drug that produces a particular therapeutic effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  therapeutic 
B)  dose 
C)  optimal 
D)  absolute 
A)  therapeutic 
B)  dose 
C)  optimal 
D)  absolute

Which of the following is not a possible explanation for placebo effects?

While drugs can be excreted from the body by several routes, the most important route of elimination is through the

Which factor does not cause tolerance?

Sensitization is most often seen with which class of drugs?

The baseline receptor function, which occurs when neurotransmitter receptors are active even without a neurotransmitter or drug agonist, is called

Which statement about water-soluble metabolites formed in the liver is false?

Explain how pharmacogenetic approaches could lead to better pharmacological treatment.

Which type of drug administration would bypass the blood-brain barrier?

While most _ receptors are membrane-bound on the cell surface, many _ receptors are intracellular.

Describe the recent method of drug administration that has been used to treat individuals with opioid addiction. What is the mechanism of action of this treatment that appears to make it successful?

The area postrema is one area in the brain where the _______ is not complete.

Which statement about microsomal enzymes in the liver is false?

Ionization of a drug depends on the _ of the solution and the _ of the drug.

The liver and kidneys work together to _ and _ drugs, respectively.

First-pass metabolism occurs when drugs are taken

Draw the dose-response curves for two drugs with the same efficacy, given that Drug A is ten times as potent as Drug

Most drugs and neurotransmitters act upon

First-pass metabolism occurs with orally administered drugs because

For some conditions, such as ADHD, medication is needed for only part of each day. In this case a _______ would be required, so as not to cause effects at unwanted times during the day.

The _______ index is a measure of drug safety and is calculated by comparing the dose of a drug that produces a particular drug-induced toxic effect in 50% of a given population with the dose of the drug that produces a particular therapeutic effect.

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 1: Principles of Pharmacology

Which of the following is not a possible explanation for placebo effects?

While drugs can be excreted from the body by several routes, the most important route of elimination is through the

Which factor does not cause tolerance?

Sensitization is most often seen with which class of drugs?

The baseline receptor function, which occurs when neurotransmitter receptors are active even without a neurotransmitter or drug agonist, is called

Which statement about water-soluble metabolites formed in the liver is false?

Explain how pharmacogenetic approaches could lead to better pharmacological treatment.

Which type of drug administration would bypass the blood-brain barrier?

While most _______ receptors are membrane-bound on the cell surface, many _______ receptors are intracellular.

Describe the recent method of drug administration that has been used to treat individuals with opioid addiction. What is the mechanism of action of this treatment that appears to make it successful?

The area postrema is one area in the brain where the _______ is not complete.

Which statement about microsomal enzymes in the liver is false?

Ionization of a drug depends on the _______ of the solution and the _______ of the drug.

The liver and kidneys work together to _______ and _______ drugs, respectively.

First-pass metabolism occurs when drugs are taken

Draw the dose-response curves for two drugs with the same efficacy, given that Drug A is ten times as potent as Drug

Most drugs and neurotransmitters act upon

First-pass metabolism occurs with orally administered drugs because

For some conditions, such as ADHD, medication is needed for only part of each day. In this case a _______ would be required, so as not to cause effects at unwanted times during the day.

The _______ index is a measure of drug safety and is calculated by comparing the dose of a drug that produces a particular drug-induced toxic effect in 50% of a given population with the dose of the drug that produces a particular therapeutic effect.

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

While most _ receptors are membrane-bound on the cell surface, many _ receptors are intracellular.

Ionization of a drug depends on the _ of the solution and the _ of the drug.

The liver and kidneys work together to _ and _ drugs, respectively.