Question 1

Changes in which two neurotransmitter systems are most likely involved in the hyperexcitability seen during withdrawal from chronic alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA and glutamate 
B)  GABA and dopamine 
C)  Dopamine and glutamate 
D)  The opioids and dopamine 
A)  GABA and glutamate 
B)  GABA and dopamine 
C)  Dopamine and glutamate 
D)  The opioids and dopamine

Question 2

Disulfiram (antabuse) makes consumption of alcohol unpleasant because it

Accepted Answer

A)  blocks the conversion of alcohol to acetaldehyde. 
B)  blocks the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetic acid. 
C)  blocks μ-opioid receptors. 
D)  acts as a partial agonist at NMDA receptors. 
A)  blocks the conversion of alcohol to acetaldehyde. 
B)  blocks the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetic acid. 
C)  blocks μ-opioid receptors. 
D)  acts as a partial agonist at NMDA receptors.

Question 3

Which of the following is not seen during alcohol withdrawal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decrease in dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens 
B)  Increase in the amount of current needed for intracranial brain stimulation 
C)  Increase in glutamate release 
D)  Increase in chloride flux through GABAA receptors 
A)  Decrease in dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens 
B)  Increase in the amount of current needed for intracranial brain stimulation 
C)  Increase in glutamate release 
D)  Increase in chloride flux through GABAA receptors

Question 4

In Schuckit's study, a greater risk of developing alcoholism was seen in young men who experienced _______ subjective "high" and had a _______ sway score after consuming alcohol.

Accepted Answer

A)  a greater; lower 
B)  a greater; higher 
C)  less of a; higher 
D)  less of a; lower 
A)  a greater; lower 
B)  a greater; higher 
C)  less of a; higher 
D)  less of a; lower

Question 5

Compare and contrast pharmacodynamic, metabolic, and behavioral tolerance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast pharmacodynamic, metabolic, and behavioral...

Question 6

How can classical conditioning contribute to behavioral tolerance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can classical conditioning contribute to behavioral...

Question 7

Which of the following correctly represents the enzymatic steps involved in alcohol metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alcohol $\rightarrow$ alcohol dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$ acetaldehyde $\rightarrow$acetaldehyde dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$ acetic acid 
B)  Alcohol $\rightarrow$ alcohol dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$ acetic acid $\rightarrow$ acetaldehyde dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$ acetaldehyde 
C)  Alcohol $\rightarrow$ acetaldehyde dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$ acetaldehyde $\rightarrow$alcohol dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$ acetic acid 
D)  Alcohol $\rightarrow$ acetaldehyde dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$acetic acid $\rightarrow$ alcohol dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$ acetaldehyde 
A)  Alcohol $\rightarrow$ alcohol dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$ acetaldehyde $\rightarrow$acetaldehyde dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$ acetic acid 
B)  Alcohol $\rightarrow$ alcohol dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$ acetic acid $\rightarrow$ acetaldehyde dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$ acetaldehyde 
C)  Alcohol $\rightarrow$ acetaldehyde dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$ acetaldehyde $\rightarrow$alcohol dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$ acetic acid 
D)  Alcohol $\rightarrow$ acetaldehyde dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$acetic acid $\rightarrow$ alcohol dehydrogenase $\rightarrow$ acetaldehyde

Question 8

Alcohol and benzodiazepines most likely show cross-tolerance and cross-dependence because they both _______ the effects of _______ at _______ receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease; glutamate; NMDA 
B)  enhance; glutamate; NMDA 
C)  decrease; GABA; GABAA 
D)  enhance; GABA; GABAA 
A)  decrease; glutamate; NMDA 
B)  enhance; glutamate; NMDA 
C)  decrease; GABA; GABAA 
D)  enhance; GABA; GABAA

Question 9

The memory disturbances seen in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome include

Accepted Answer

A)  a loss of memory for events in the distant past. 
B)  total amnesia. 
C)  inability to form new memories. 
D)  little actual memory impairment. 
A)  a loss of memory for events in the distant past. 
B)  total amnesia. 
C)  inability to form new memories. 
D)  little actual memory impairment.

Question 10

Fatty liver occurs due to of a buildup of _______ in the liver, while cirrhosis is the result of the formation of _______ in the liver.

Accepted Answer

A)  acetaldehyde; scar tissue 
B)  scar tissue; triglycerides 
C)  triglycerides; scar tissue 
D)  acetaldehyde; triglycerides 
A)  acetaldehyde; scar tissue 
B)  scar tissue; triglycerides 
C)  triglycerides; scar tissue 
D)  acetaldehyde; triglycerides

Question 11

In general, the cellular effects of chronic alcohol on various neurotransmitter systems are _______ the effects of acute alcohol administration.

Accepted Answer

A)  the same as 
B)  the opposite of 
C)  double 
D)  many times greater than 
A)  the same as 
B)  the opposite of 
C)  double 
D)  many times greater than

Question 12

Which statement about the role of the endogenous opioid system in alcohol's reinforcing effects is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mice that lack the μ-opioid receptor do not self-administer alcohol. 
B)  Opioid receptor antagonists reduce alcohol self-administration in animals. 
C)  Clinical trials show that opioid receptor antagonists reduce alcohol craving and relapse in humans. 
D)  Chronic alcohol use increases gene expression of endorphin and enkephalin. 
A)  Mice that lack the μ-opioid receptor do not self-administer alcohol. 
B)  Opioid receptor antagonists reduce alcohol self-administration in animals. 
C)  Clinical trials show that opioid receptor antagonists reduce alcohol craving and relapse in humans. 
D)  Chronic alcohol use increases gene expression of endorphin and enkephalin.

Question 13

_______ tolerance to alcohol results from a(n) _______ of liver enzymes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic; reduction 
B)  Pharmacodynamic; reduction 
C)  Metabolic; induction 
D)  Acute; induction 
A)  Metabolic; reduction 
B)  Pharmacodynamic; reduction 
C)  Metabolic; induction 
D)  Acute; induction

Question 14

Fatalities from acute alcohol ingestion occur because

Accepted Answer

A)  of cardiac arrhythmias leading to heart failure. 
B)  the respiratory centers in the brainstem shut down. 
C)  the heart becomes too sedated and stops beating. 
D)  that much alcohol causes brain death. 
A)  of cardiac arrhythmias leading to heart failure. 
B)  the respiratory centers in the brainstem shut down. 
C)  the heart becomes too sedated and stops beating. 
D)  that much alcohol causes brain death.

Question 15

The earliest known alcoholic beverage was

Accepted Answer

A)  a thick, hearty beer. 
B)  mead. 
C)  wine. 
D)  gin. 
A)  a thick, hearty beer. 
B)  mead. 
C)  wine. 
D)  gin.

Question 16

Binge drinking is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  any rapid consumption of alcohol that causes intoxication. 
B)  drinking until passing out. 
C)  five or more drinks in a row for males and four in a row for females. 
D)  drinking to remain intoxicated for at least two days. 
A)  any rapid consumption of alcohol that causes intoxication. 
B)  drinking until passing out. 
C)  five or more drinks in a row for males and four in a row for females. 
D)  drinking to remain intoxicated for at least two days.

Question 17

Describe the ways men and women differ with regard to the effects of alcohol.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the ways men and women differ...

Question 18

How can the effects of chronic alcohol on GABA and glutamate systems be related to tolerance and signs of withdrawal?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can the effects of chronic alcohol...

Changes in which two neurotransmitter systems are most likely involved in the hyperexcitability seen during withdrawal from chronic alcohol?

Disulfiram (antabuse) makes consumption of alcohol unpleasant because it

Which of the following is not seen during alcohol withdrawal?

In Schuckit's study, a greater risk of developing alcoholism was seen in young men who experienced _ subjective "high" and had a _ sway score after consuming alcohol.

Compare and contrast pharmacodynamic, metabolic, and behavioral tolerance.

How can classical conditioning contribute to behavioral tolerance?

Which of the following correctly represents the enzymatic steps involved in alcohol metabolism?

Alcohol and benzodiazepines most likely show cross-tolerance and cross-dependence because they both ___ the effects of _ at _____ receptors.

The memory disturbances seen in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome include

Fatty liver occurs due to of a buildup of _ in the liver, while cirrhosis is the result of the formation of _ in the liver.

In general, the cellular effects of chronic alcohol on various neurotransmitter systems are _______ the effects of acute alcohol administration.

Which statement about the role of the endogenous opioid system in alcohol's reinforcing effects is false?

_ tolerance to alcohol results from a(n) _ of liver enzymes.

Fatalities from acute alcohol ingestion occur because

The earliest known alcoholic beverage was

Binge drinking is defined as

Describe the ways men and women differ with regard to the effects of alcohol.

How can the effects of chronic alcohol on GABA and glutamate systems be related to tolerance and signs of withdrawal?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 10: Alcohol

Changes in which two neurotransmitter systems are most likely involved in the hyperexcitability seen during withdrawal from chronic alcohol?

Disulfiram (antabuse) makes consumption of alcohol unpleasant because it

Which of the following is not seen during alcohol withdrawal?

In Schuckit's study, a greater risk of developing alcoholism was seen in young men who experienced _______ subjective "high" and had a _______ sway score after consuming alcohol.

Compare and contrast pharmacodynamic, metabolic, and behavioral tolerance.

How can classical conditioning contribute to behavioral tolerance?

Which of the following correctly represents the enzymatic steps involved in alcohol metabolism?

Alcohol and benzodiazepines most likely show cross-tolerance and cross-dependence because they both _______ the effects of _______ at _______ receptors.

The memory disturbances seen in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome include

Fatty liver occurs due to of a buildup of _______ in the liver, while cirrhosis is the result of the formation of _______ in the liver.

In general, the cellular effects of chronic alcohol on various neurotransmitter systems are _______ the effects of acute alcohol administration.

Which statement about the role of the endogenous opioid system in alcohol's reinforcing effects is false?

_______ tolerance to alcohol results from a(n) _______ of liver enzymes.

Fatalities from acute alcohol ingestion occur because

The earliest known alcoholic beverage was

Binge drinking is defined as

Describe the ways men and women differ with regard to the effects of alcohol.

How can the effects of chronic alcohol on GABA and glutamate systems be related to tolerance and signs of withdrawal?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

In Schuckit's study, a greater risk of developing alcoholism was seen in young men who experienced _ subjective "high" and had a _ sway score after consuming alcohol.

Alcohol and benzodiazepines most likely show cross-tolerance and cross-dependence because they both ___ the effects of _ at _____ receptors.

Fatty liver occurs due to of a buildup of _ in the liver, while cirrhosis is the result of the formation of _ in the liver.

_ tolerance to alcohol results from a(n) _ of liver enzymes.