Question 1

The risks of drinking at a young age include neurologic impairments due to altered _______, and these impairments _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic pruning, receptor number/sensitivity, refinement of neural circuitry; last into later life 
B)  synaptic pruning, receptor number/sensitivity, refinement of neural circuitry; disappear in later life 
C)  function of major organs; increase in later life 
D)  metabolism of alcohol; disappear in later life 
A)  synaptic pruning, receptor number/sensitivity, refinement of neural circuitry; last into later life 
B)  synaptic pruning, receptor number/sensitivity, refinement of neural circuitry; disappear in later life 
C)  function of major organs; increase in later life 
D)  metabolism of alcohol; disappear in later life

Question 2

Describe three ways animal models can make important contributions to alcohol research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe three ways animal models can make...

Question 3

During fermentation, yeast converts each _______ molecule into two molecules of _______ and two molecules of carbon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar; alcohol 
B)  fat; alcohol 
C)  alcohol; sugar 
D)  sugar; fat 
A)  sugar; alcohol 
B)  fat; alcohol 
C)  alcohol; sugar 
D)  sugar; fat

Question 4

Fomepizole and ethanol can be used to treat methanol poisoning because both

Accepted Answer

A)  compete with methanol for aldehyde dehydrogenase. 
B)  compete with methanol for alcohol dehydrogenase. 
C)  are alcohol dehydrogenase agonists. 
D)  are mGluR2 agonists. 
A)  compete with methanol for aldehyde dehydrogenase. 
B)  compete with methanol for alcohol dehydrogenase. 
C)  are alcohol dehydrogenase agonists. 
D)  are mGluR2 agonists.

Question 5

What are the effects of alcohol on sleep?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the effects of alcohol on...

Question 6

What are the some of the possible health benefits of light to moderate alcohol consumption and what is the scientific evidence that refutes the evidence supporting health benefits? What amount of alcohol is considered moderate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the some of the possible...

Question 7

The hyperexcitability that people with AUD experience during withdrawal could potentially be treated by the NMDA receptor antagonist

Accepted Answer

A)  picrotoxin. 
B)  biculline. 
C)  valium. 
D)  ketamine. 
A)  picrotoxin. 
B)  biculline. 
C)  valium. 
D)  ketamine.

Question 8

Understanding the neurochemical effects of alcohol is difficult because

Accepted Answer

A)  animals will not spontaneously drink enough alcohol to become intoxicated. 
B)  alcohol can affect multiple organ systems. 
C)  alcohol does not affect specific receptor proteins. 
D)  alcohol can alter the composition of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. 
A)  animals will not spontaneously drink enough alcohol to become intoxicated. 
B)  alcohol can affect multiple organ systems. 
C)  alcohol does not affect specific receptor proteins. 
D)  alcohol can alter the composition of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.

Question 9

Alcohol increases synaptic levels of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens by

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking the reuptake of dopamine by transporters. 
B)  increasing the firing rate of cells in the VTA. 
C)  inhibiting the metabolism of dopamine in the synaptic cleft. 
D)  decreasing action of autoreceptors that normally decrease release. 
A)  blocking the reuptake of dopamine by transporters. 
B)  increasing the firing rate of cells in the VTA. 
C)  inhibiting the metabolism of dopamine in the synaptic cleft. 
D)  decreasing action of autoreceptors that normally decrease release.

Question 10

After withdrawal from chronic alcohol use, an increase in _______ is correlated with an increase in behavioral signs of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamate release; intoxication 
B)  glutamate release; withdrawal hyperexcitability 
C)  receptor inhibition; intoxication 
D)  receptor inhibition; withdrawal hyperexcitability 
A)  glutamate release; intoxication 
B)  glutamate release; withdrawal hyperexcitability 
C)  receptor inhibition; intoxication 
D)  receptor inhibition; withdrawal hyperexcitability

Question 11

Acute alcohol intake _______ GABAA-mediated chloride flux, and chronic alcohol use _______ it.

Accepted Answer

A)  enhances; inhibits 
B)  inhibits; inhibits 
C)  enhances; enhances 
D)  inhibits; enhances 
A)  enhances; inhibits 
B)  inhibits; inhibits 
C)  enhances; enhances 
D)  inhibits; enhances

Question 12

A child with facial malformations and a below-average IQ that was born at a low birthweight, most likely would have

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal alcohol syndrome. 
B)  Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. 
C)  alcohol abstinence syndrome. 
D)  a thiamine deficiency. 
A)  fetal alcohol syndrome. 
B)  Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. 
C)  alcohol abstinence syndrome. 
D)  a thiamine deficiency.

Question 13

During _______ an individual may behave quite normally but will have total amnesia for the events that occurred while impaired.

Accepted Answer

A)  delirium tremens 
B)  a blackout 
C)  a hangover 
D)  Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 
A)  delirium tremens 
B)  a blackout 
C)  a hangover 
D)  Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 14

Which type of tolerance to alcohol is characterized by an increase the P450 liver microsomal enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute 
B)  Pharmacodynamic 
C)  Metabolic 
D)  Behavioral 
A)  Acute 
B)  Pharmacodynamic 
C)  Metabolic 
D)  Behavioral

Question 15

An intense withdrawal syndrome after long-term heavy drinking that includes irritability, convulsions, and hallucinations would be considered

Accepted Answer

A)  delirium tremens. 
B)  a hangover. 
C)  psychosis. 
D)  physical dependence. 
A)  delirium tremens. 
B)  a hangover. 
C)  psychosis. 
D)  physical dependence.

Question 16

Alcohol is involved in about _______ of all highway deaths, in part because it reduces _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-third; reaction time 
B)  half; memory skills 
C)  half; reaction time 
D)  two-thirds; memory 
A)  one-third; reaction time 
B)  half; memory skills 
C)  half; reaction time 
D)  two-thirds; memory

Question 17

In animal models, blockade of _______ reduces stress-induced relapse and withdrawal-induced alcohol consumption, but this approach hasn't worked in humans because _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  opioid receptors; people will not take the medication required for the test 
B)  NK1R; humans do not possess this receptor type 
C)  CRF1 receptors; these antagonists do not cross the blood-brain barrier 
D)  glutamate receptors; stress is not a major factor in human alcohol consumption 
A)  opioid receptors; people will not take the medication required for the test 
B)  NK1R; humans do not possess this receptor type 
C)  CRF1 receptors; these antagonists do not cross the blood-brain barrier 
D)  glutamate receptors; stress is not a major factor in human alcohol consumption

Question 18

_______ can be used to assess genetic differences among animals that differ in some alcohol-related behavior, while _______ are used to determine the role of a particular protein in alcohol's effects.

Accepted Answer

A)  Selectively bred lines; knockout animals 
B)  Knockout animals; genetic screens 
C)  Selectively bred lines; genetic screens 
D)  Genetic screens; selectively bred lines 
A)  Selectively bred lines; knockout animals 
B)  Knockout animals; genetic screens 
C)  Selectively bred lines; genetic screens 
D)  Genetic screens; selectively bred lines

Question 19

Why can taking certain drugs while also drinking alcohol lead to dangerous levels of the drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzymes that metabolize alcohol also metabolize certain drugs, thus the alcohol and drugs compete for the same enzyme molecules as alcohol. 
B)  The alcohol enhances the drug effects even though both are being metabolized. 
C)  Alcohol destroys the enzymes that metabolize the drugs. 
D)  The enzymes that metabolize the drugs cease to function when alcohol and drugs are taken together. 
A)  The enzymes that metabolize alcohol also metabolize certain drugs, thus the alcohol and drugs compete for the same enzyme molecules as alcohol. 
B)  The alcohol enhances the drug effects even though both are being metabolized. 
C)  Alcohol destroys the enzymes that metabolize the drugs. 
D)  The enzymes that metabolize the drugs cease to function when alcohol and drugs are taken together.

Question 20

While widespread brain damage can be seen in alcoholics, thiamine deficiency causes specific damage to the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum. 
B)  frontal cortex. 
C)  hippocampus. 
D)  thalamus 
A)  cerebellum. 
B)  frontal cortex. 
C)  hippocampus. 
D)  thalamus

The risks of drinking at a young age include neurologic impairments due to altered _, and these impairments _.

Describe three ways animal models can make important contributions to alcohol research.

During fermentation, yeast converts each _ molecule into two molecules of _ and two molecules of carbon dioxide.

Fomepizole and ethanol can be used to treat methanol poisoning because both

What are the effects of alcohol on sleep?

What are the some of the possible health benefits of light to moderate alcohol consumption and what is the scientific evidence that refutes the evidence supporting health benefits? What amount of alcohol is considered moderate?

The hyperexcitability that people with AUD experience during withdrawal could potentially be treated by the NMDA receptor antagonist

Understanding the neurochemical effects of alcohol is difficult because

Alcohol increases synaptic levels of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens by

After withdrawal from chronic alcohol use, an increase in _ is correlated with an increase in behavioral signs of _.

Acute alcohol intake _______ GABA_A-mediated chloride flux, and chronic alcohol use _______ it.

A child with facial malformations and a below-average IQ that was born at a low birthweight, most likely would have

During _______ an individual may behave quite normally but will have total amnesia for the events that occurred while impaired.

Which type of tolerance to alcohol is characterized by an increase the P450 liver microsomal enzymes?

An intense withdrawal syndrome after long-term heavy drinking that includes irritability, convulsions, and hallucinations would be considered

Alcohol is involved in about _ of all highway deaths, in part because it reduces _.

In animal models, blockade of _ reduces stress-induced relapse and withdrawal-induced alcohol consumption, but this approach hasn't worked in humans because _.

_ can be used to assess genetic differences among animals that differ in some alcohol-related behavior, while _ are used to determine the role of a particular protein in alcohol's effects.

Why can taking certain drugs while also drinking alcohol lead to dangerous levels of the drugs?

While widespread brain damage can be seen in alcoholics, thiamine deficiency causes specific damage to the

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 10: Alcohol

The risks of drinking at a young age include neurologic impairments due to altered _______, and these impairments _______.

Describe three ways animal models can make important contributions to alcohol research.

During fermentation, yeast converts each _______ molecule into two molecules of _______ and two molecules of carbon dioxide.

Fomepizole and ethanol can be used to treat methanol poisoning because both

What are the effects of alcohol on sleep?

What are the some of the possible health benefits of light to moderate alcohol consumption and what is the scientific evidence that refutes the evidence supporting health benefits? What amount of alcohol is considered moderate?

The hyperexcitability that people with AUD experience during withdrawal could potentially be treated by the NMDA receptor antagonist

Understanding the neurochemical effects of alcohol is difficult because

Alcohol increases synaptic levels of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens by

After withdrawal from chronic alcohol use, an increase in _______ is correlated with an increase in behavioral signs of _______.

Acute alcohol intake _______ GABAA-mediated chloride flux, and chronic alcohol use _______ it.

A child with facial malformations and a below-average IQ that was born at a low birthweight, most likely would have

During _______ an individual may behave quite normally but will have total amnesia for the events that occurred while impaired.

Which type of tolerance to alcohol is characterized by an increase the P450 liver microsomal enzymes?

An intense withdrawal syndrome after long-term heavy drinking that includes irritability, convulsions, and hallucinations would be considered

Alcohol is involved in about _______ of all highway deaths, in part because it reduces _______.

In animal models, blockade of _______ reduces stress-induced relapse and withdrawal-induced alcohol consumption, but this approach hasn't worked in humans because _______.

_______ can be used to assess genetic differences among animals that differ in some alcohol-related behavior, while _______ are used to determine the role of a particular protein in alcohol's effects.

Why can taking certain drugs while also drinking alcohol lead to dangerous levels of the drugs?

While widespread brain damage can be seen in alcoholics, thiamine deficiency causes specific damage to the

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

The risks of drinking at a young age include neurologic impairments due to altered _, and these impairments _.

During fermentation, yeast converts each _ molecule into two molecules of _ and two molecules of carbon dioxide.

After withdrawal from chronic alcohol use, an increase in _ is correlated with an increase in behavioral signs of _.

Acute alcohol intake _______ GABA_A-mediated chloride flux, and chronic alcohol use _______ it.

Alcohol is involved in about _ of all highway deaths, in part because it reduces _.

In animal models, blockade of _ reduces stress-induced relapse and withdrawal-induced alcohol consumption, but this approach hasn't worked in humans because _.

_ can be used to assess genetic differences among animals that differ in some alcohol-related behavior, while _ are used to determine the role of a particular protein in alcohol's effects.