Question 1

Which statement about dextromethorphan abuse is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It generally involves consuming large amounts of cough syrup or many cold tablets. 
B)  It has generated street sources of dextromethorphan that are repackaged as pills or powder for smoking. 
C)  At high doses it can cause ataxia and delusions. 
D)  While potentially troubling, it isn't actually dangerous since the drug is available over the counter. 
A)  It generally involves consuming large amounts of cough syrup or many cold tablets. 
B)  It has generated street sources of dextromethorphan that are repackaged as pills or powder for smoking. 
C)  At high doses it can cause ataxia and delusions. 
D)  While potentially troubling, it isn't actually dangerous since the drug is available over the counter.

Question 2

Self-administration studies in animals have shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  both PCP and ketamine are highly reinforcing for several species. 
B)  PCP and ketamine are only moderately rewarding for the species tested. 
C)  the reward effects of PCP and ketamine are unique and not dependent upon dopamine. 
D)  PCP's reward effects are dopamine-dependent, while ketamine's effects are dopamine-independent. 
A)  both PCP and ketamine are highly reinforcing for several species. 
B)  PCP and ketamine are only moderately rewarding for the species tested. 
C)  the reward effects of PCP and ketamine are unique and not dependent upon dopamine. 
D)  PCP's reward effects are dopamine-dependent, while ketamine's effects are dopamine-independent.

Question 3

Research has shown that human subjects receiving high doses of ketamine over the long term may develop symptoms similar to those of

Accepted Answer

A)  anxiety. 
B)  depression. 
C)  schizophrenia. 
D)  Parkinson's disease. 
A)  anxiety. 
B)  depression. 
C)  schizophrenia. 
D)  Parkinson's disease.

Question 4

Researchers have considered LSD as a possible tool for all of the following research approaches or treatment programs except

Accepted Answer

A)  as a model for schizophrenia. 
B)  psycholytic therapy. 
C)  psychedelic therapy. 
D)  treatment of anxiety and mood disorders. 
A)  as a model for schizophrenia. 
B)  psycholytic therapy. 
C)  psychedelic therapy. 
D)  treatment of anxiety and mood disorders.

Question 5

Which experiences characterize the onset of the LSD "trip"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Feelings of depersonalization 
B)  Synesthesia 
C)  Sensations of colors and geometric shapes 
D)  Suspension of time sense 
A)  Feelings of depersonalization 
B)  Synesthesia 
C)  Sensations of colors and geometric shapes 
D)  Suspension of time sense

Question 6

Someone who has taken LSD is describing the color blue as a loud sound and the sounds of cars passing by as menacing. This synesthesia is characteristic of the _______ phase of an LSD trip.

Accepted Answer

A)  onset 
B)  plateau 
C)  peak 
D)  comedown 
A)  onset 
B)  plateau 
C)  peak 
D)  comedown

Question 7

How is the neurochemical mechanism of action ibogaine similar to that of salvinorin A?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both bind to µ-opioid receptors where they exert partial antagonist activity. 
B)  Both bind to κ-opioid receptors where they exert partial agonist activity. 
C)  Both bind to 5-HT2A receptors where they exert partial antagonist activity. 
D)  Both bind to 5-HT2A receptors where they exert partial agonist activity. 
A)  Both bind to µ-opioid receptors where they exert partial antagonist activity. 
B)  Both bind to κ-opioid receptors where they exert partial agonist activity. 
C)  Both bind to 5-HT2A receptors where they exert partial antagonist activity. 
D)  Both bind to 5-HT2A receptors where they exert partial agonist activity.

Question 8

What can be said about the status of hallucinogenic drugs today?

Accepted Answer

A)  They remain as popular today as they were in the 1960s. 
B)  They were banned in 1967 and as a result have almost completely disappeared today. 
C)  There has been a renewal of interest in these drugs, in part due to clinical research that has been sponsored by the organization MAPS (Multidisciplinary Association for
Psychedelic Studies). 
D)  Many psychiatrists and psychologists are now interested in utilizing these drugs in their practices due to a positive shift in government attitudes and policies. 
A)  They remain as popular today as they were in the 1960s. 
B)  They were banned in 1967 and as a result have almost completely disappeared today. 
C)  There has been a renewal of interest in these drugs, in part due to clinical research that has been sponsored by the organization MAPS (Multidisciplinary Association for
Psychedelic Studies). 
D)  Many psychiatrists and psychologists are now interested in utilizing these drugs in their practices due to a positive shift in government attitudes and policies.

Question 9

The least potent psychedelic is

Accepted Answer

A)  DMT. 
B)  Salvinorin A. 
C)  mescaline. 
D)  LSD. 
A)  DMT. 
B)  Salvinorin A. 
C)  mescaline. 
D)  LSD.

Question 10

What is responsible for the unusually long length of an LSD "trip"?

Accepted Answer

A)  After receptor binding, a lid-like structure formed from the receptor protein temporarily traps the drug in the binding pocket. 
B)  The subjective feelings of the "trip" last long after the drug has worn off due to memory effects. 
C)  The receptor binding process slows down such that the drug effects last longer than usual. 
D)  The drug's potency combined with its slow metabolism results in a long "trip." 
A)  After receptor binding, a lid-like structure formed from the receptor protein temporarily traps the drug in the binding pocket. 
B)  The subjective feelings of the "trip" last long after the drug has worn off due to memory effects. 
C)  The receptor binding process slows down such that the drug effects last longer than usual. 
D)  The drug's potency combined with its slow metabolism results in a long "trip."

Question 11

What makes certain types of cough syrup and cold tablets attractive to individuals looking for a PCP-like drug experience? Identify the active ingredient in this process and explain how it works in the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What makes certain types of cough syrup...

Question 12

Describe the subjective and behavioral effects of low-dose PCP. What happens when subjects are given higher doses? List several experiences reported by ketamine users while in the dissociated state (some associated with the K-hole).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the subjective and behavioral effects of...

Question 13

In subjects given psilocybin, psychedelic intensity ratings _______ with a corresponding _______ in neocortical 5-HT2A receptor occupancy.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease; decrease 
B)  increase; increase 
C)  stay the same; increase 
D)  stay the same; increase. 
A)  decrease; decrease 
B)  increase; increase 
C)  stay the same; increase 
D)  stay the same; increase.

Question 14

LSD, psilocybin, and ayahuasca all have been shown to reduce activity in the _______, suggesting that this is a common feature of psychedelic drugs that act through _______ receptor stimulation (thereby producing the drug experience).

Accepted Answer

A)  prefrontal cortex; κ-opioid 
B)  prefrontal cortex; µ-opioid 
C)  default mode network (DMN); 5-HT2A 
D)  default mode network (DMN); D2 
A)  prefrontal cortex; κ-opioid 
B)  prefrontal cortex; µ-opioid 
C)  default mode network (DMN); 5-HT2A 
D)  default mode network (DMN); D2

Question 15

Which statement regarding the drug PCP, or phencyclidine, is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was first tested by a pharmaceutical company as a possible anesthetic agent. 
B)  It causes a trance-like state in which the subject is highly responsive to pain. 
C)  It has a high therapeutic index as it does not cause respiratory depression. 
D)  It is not clinically useful because of side effects of agitation, hallucinations, and violence. 
A)  It was first tested by a pharmaceutical company as a possible anesthetic agent. 
B)  It causes a trance-like state in which the subject is highly responsive to pain. 
C)  It has a high therapeutic index as it does not cause respiratory depression. 
D)  It is not clinically useful because of side effects of agitation, hallucinations, and violence.

Question 16

Distinguish between PCP and ketamine in terms of their pharmaceutical development, safety, and effects. Are these drugs used recreationally?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between PCP and ketamine in terms...

Question 17

Research on the synaptic effects of LSD has shown all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  that it binds with high affinity to eight different receptor subtypes. 
B)  that the 5-HT2A receptor appears to play a crucial role in drug-induced hallucinations. 
C)  that D2 dopamine receptors are responsible for the behavioral effects of LSD in animal models. 
D)  that the intensity of psilocybin's subjective effects is positively correlated with 5-HT2A receptor occupancy. 
A)  that it binds with high affinity to eight different receptor subtypes. 
B)  that the 5-HT2A receptor appears to play a crucial role in drug-induced hallucinations. 
C)  that D2 dopamine receptors are responsible for the behavioral effects of LSD in animal models. 
D)  that the intensity of psilocybin's subjective effects is positively correlated with 5-HT2A receptor occupancy.

Question 18

Mescaline

Accepted Answer

A)  is an alkaloid obtained from various species of mushrooms. 
B)  has been used for years by Native Americans for religious and healing rituals. 
C)  is one of the more popular and readily available hallucinogenic drugs. 
D)  is a synthetic hallucinogen derived from ergot, a fungus that can infest grain. 
A)  is an alkaloid obtained from various species of mushrooms. 
B)  has been used for years by Native Americans for religious and healing rituals. 
C)  is one of the more popular and readily available hallucinogenic drugs. 
D)  is a synthetic hallucinogen derived from ergot, a fungus that can infest grain.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a method that PCP or ketamine is typically administered?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orally 
B)  Transdermally 
C)  By inhalation or smoking 
D)  Intramuscularly 
A)  Orally 
B)  Transdermally 
C)  By inhalation or smoking 
D)  Intramuscularly

Question 20

At moderate (anesthetic level) PCP or ketamine doses, individuals may experience

Accepted Answer

A)  flashbacks. 
B)  dissociative anesthesia. 
C)  HPPD. 
D)  synesthesia. 
A)  flashbacks. 
B)  dissociative anesthesia. 
C)  HPPD. 
D)  synesthesia.

Which statement about dextromethorphan abuse is false?

Self-administration studies in animals have shown that

Research has shown that human subjects receiving high doses of ketamine over the long term may develop symptoms similar to those of

Researchers have considered LSD as a possible tool for all of the following research approaches or treatment programs except

Which experiences characterize the onset of the LSD "trip"?

Someone who has taken LSD is describing the color blue as a loud sound and the sounds of cars passing by as menacing. This synesthesia is characteristic of the _______ phase of an LSD trip.

How is the neurochemical mechanism of action ibogaine similar to that of salvinorin A?

What can be said about the status of hallucinogenic drugs today?

The least potent psychedelic is

What is responsible for the unusually long length of an LSD "trip"?

What makes certain types of cough syrup and cold tablets attractive to individuals looking for a PCP-like drug experience? Identify the active ingredient in this process and explain how it works in the nervous system.

Describe the subjective and behavioral effects of low-dose PCP. What happens when subjects are given higher doses? List several experiences reported by ketamine users while in the dissociated state (some associated with the K-hole).

In subjects given psilocybin, psychedelic intensity ratings _ with a corresponding _ in neocortical 5-HT_2A receptor occupancy.

LSD, psilocybin, and ayahuasca all have been shown to reduce activity in the _, suggesting that this is a common feature of psychedelic drugs that act through _ receptor stimulation (thereby producing the drug experience).

Which statement regarding the drug PCP, or phencyclidine, is false?

Distinguish between PCP and ketamine in terms of their pharmaceutical development, safety, and effects. Are these drugs used recreationally?

Research on the synaptic effects of LSD has shown all of the following except

Mescaline

Which of the following is not a method that PCP or ketamine is typically administered?

At moderate (anesthetic level) PCP or ketamine doses, individuals may experience

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 15: Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Which statement about dextromethorphan abuse is false?

Self-administration studies in animals have shown that

Research has shown that human subjects receiving high doses of ketamine over the long term may develop symptoms similar to those of

Researchers have considered LSD as a possible tool for all of the following research approaches or treatment programs except

Which experiences characterize the onset of the LSD "trip"?

Someone who has taken LSD is describing the color blue as a loud sound and the sounds of cars passing by as menacing. This synesthesia is characteristic of the _______ phase of an LSD trip.

How is the neurochemical mechanism of action ibogaine similar to that of salvinorin A?

What can be said about the status of hallucinogenic drugs today?

The least potent psychedelic is

What is responsible for the unusually long length of an LSD "trip"?

What makes certain types of cough syrup and cold tablets attractive to individuals looking for a PCP-like drug experience? Identify the active ingredient in this process and explain how it works in the nervous system.

Describe the subjective and behavioral effects of low-dose PCP. What happens when subjects are given higher doses? List several experiences reported by ketamine users while in the dissociated state (some associated with the K-hole).

In subjects given psilocybin, psychedelic intensity ratings _______ with a corresponding _______ in neocortical 5-HT2A receptor occupancy.

LSD, psilocybin, and ayahuasca all have been shown to reduce activity in the _______, suggesting that this is a common feature of psychedelic drugs that act through _______ receptor stimulation (thereby producing the drug experience).

Which statement regarding the drug PCP, or phencyclidine, is false?

Distinguish between PCP and ketamine in terms of their pharmaceutical development, safety, and effects. Are these drugs used recreationally?

Research on the synaptic effects of LSD has shown all of the following except

Mescaline

Which of the following is not a method that PCP or ketamine is typically administered?

At moderate (anesthetic level) PCP or ketamine doses, individuals may experience

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

In subjects given psilocybin, psychedelic intensity ratings _ with a corresponding _ in neocortical 5-HT_2A receptor occupancy.

LSD, psilocybin, and ayahuasca all have been shown to reduce activity in the _, suggesting that this is a common feature of psychedelic drugs that act through _ receptor stimulation (thereby producing the drug experience).