Question 1

Which motor dysfunction is not seen in Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bradykinesia 
B)  Pill-rolling tremor 
C)  Rigidity 
D)  Ballistic movements 
A)  Bradykinesia 
B)  Pill-rolling tremor 
C)  Rigidity 
D)  Ballistic movements

Question 2

Multiple sclerosis

Accepted Answer

A)  is thought to result from childhood vaccines. 
B)  is easily diagnosed based on a core set of symptoms, including fatigue and problems with coordination. 
C)  is thought to be a result from autoimmune destruction of the myelin produced by oligodendrocytes. 
D)  is more common in the tropics than in temperate zones. 
A)  is thought to result from childhood vaccines. 
B)  is easily diagnosed based on a core set of symptoms, including fatigue and problems with coordination. 
C)  is thought to be a result from autoimmune destruction of the myelin produced by oligodendrocytes. 
D)  is more common in the tropics than in temperate zones.

Question 3

Brains of HD patients show severe _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  basal ganglia degeneration; enlarged lateral ventricles 
B)  cerebellar degeneration; basal ganglia abnormalities 
C)  enlargement of the lateral ventricles; degeneration of the prefrontal cortex 
D)  striatal degeneration; enlarged fourth ventricle 
A)  basal ganglia degeneration; enlarged lateral ventricles 
B)  cerebellar degeneration; basal ganglia abnormalities 
C)  enlargement of the lateral ventricles; degeneration of the prefrontal cortex 
D)  striatal degeneration; enlarged fourth ventricle

Question 4

Describe the factors that contribute to the "Parkinson's shuffle," including information about rigidity and postural instability.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the factors that contribute to the...

Question 5

Most people with _______ develop plaques and tangles and some develop AD, possibly because they _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  heart disease; have high cholesterol 
B)  Parkinson's disease; develop Lewy bodies 
C)  Huntington's disease; carry the APP gene 
D)  Down syndrome; have three copies of the APP gene 
A)  heart disease; have high cholesterol 
B)  Parkinson's disease; develop Lewy bodies 
C)  Huntington's disease; carry the APP gene 
D)  Down syndrome; have three copies of the APP gene

Question 6

Explain the process involved in the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles and the consequences of their development in PD. What is the normal function of beta-amyloid? Of tau protein?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the process involved in the formation...

Question 7

_______ is indicated only for treatment-resistant MS (because of its risky side effects) and its mechanism of action is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Interferon beta-1a; enhancing function of suppressor T cells 
B)  Interferon beta-1a; reducing function of suppressor B cells 
C)  Cladribine (Mavenclad); increase of B and T cells 
D)  Cladribine (Mavenclad); decrease of B and T cells 
A)  Interferon beta-1a; enhancing function of suppressor T cells 
B)  Interferon beta-1a; reducing function of suppressor B cells 
C)  Cladribine (Mavenclad); increase of B and T cells 
D)  Cladribine (Mavenclad); decrease of B and T cells

Question 8

Describe animal models of AD in three different species. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe animal models of AD in three...

Question 9

Many neurodegenerative disorders involve excess glutamate release from degenerating neurons. Why is this undesirable and how can the consequences be decreased?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many neurodegenerative disorders involve excess glutamate release...

Question 10

Parkinson's disease dementia affects approximately _______ of patients after 15 years of disease progression.

Accepted Answer

A)  15% 
B)  15% to 40% 
C)  70% 
D)  100% 
A)  15% 
B)  15% to 40% 
C)  70% 
D)  100%

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct order of degeneration in Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Motor nucleus of the vagus $\rightarrow$ substantia nigra $\rightarrow$raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus $\rightarrow$ temporal neocortex $\rightarrow$ temporal mesocortex 
B)  Motor nucleus of the vagus $\rightarrow$ raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus $\rightarrow$ substantia nigra $\rightarrow$ temporal mesocortex $\rightarrow$ temporal neocortex 
C)  Raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus $\rightarrow$motor nucleus of the vagus $\rightarrow$ temporal mesocortex $\rightarrow$ temporal neocortex $\rightarrow$ substantia nigra 
D)  Raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus $\rightarrow$ motor nucleus of the vagus $\rightarrow$ substantia nigra $\rightarrow$ temporal neocortex $\rightarrow$ temporal mesocortex 
A)  Motor nucleus of the vagus $\rightarrow$ substantia nigra $\rightarrow$raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus $\rightarrow$ temporal neocortex $\rightarrow$ temporal mesocortex 
B)  Motor nucleus of the vagus $\rightarrow$ raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus $\rightarrow$ substantia nigra $\rightarrow$ temporal mesocortex $\rightarrow$ temporal neocortex 
C)  Raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus $\rightarrow$motor nucleus of the vagus $\rightarrow$ temporal mesocortex $\rightarrow$ temporal neocortex $\rightarrow$ substantia nigra 
D)  Raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus $\rightarrow$ motor nucleus of the vagus $\rightarrow$ substantia nigra $\rightarrow$ temporal neocortex $\rightarrow$ temporal mesocortex

Question 12

Treatments for MS include _______ such as _______ and treatments for exacerbations, such as _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  disease-modifying treatments; interferon beta-1a; corticosteroids 
B)  disease-modifying treatments; potassium channel blockers; corticosteroids 
C)  treatments for managing symptoms; Copaxone; Aubagio 
D)  treatments for managing symptoms; corticosteroids; interferon beta-1a 
A)  disease-modifying treatments; interferon beta-1a; corticosteroids 
B)  disease-modifying treatments; potassium channel blockers; corticosteroids 
C)  treatments for managing symptoms; Copaxone; Aubagio 
D)  treatments for managing symptoms; corticosteroids; interferon beta-1a

Question 13

l-DOPA increases dopamine activity by _______, while the drug selegiline (Eldepryl) does so by _______. Pramipexole (Mirapex) does so by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing synthesis; acting on DA receptors; inhibiting reuptake 
B)  acting on DA receptors; inhibiting reuptake; inhibiting metabolism 
C)  increasing DA cell firing; increasing synthesis; inhibiting reuptake 
D)  increasing synthesis; inhibiting metabolism; acting on DA receptors 
A)  increasing synthesis; acting on DA receptors; inhibiting reuptake 
B)  acting on DA receptors; inhibiting reuptake; inhibiting metabolism 
C)  increasing DA cell firing; increasing synthesis; inhibiting reuptake 
D)  increasing synthesis; inhibiting metabolism; acting on DA receptors

Question 14

Protein aggregation is an important component of neuronal degeneration in PD, with _______, composed of _______, formed in the affected cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lewy bodies; α-synuclein 
B)  plaques; tau proteins 
C)  neurofibrillary tangles; Lewy bodies 
D)  proteosomes; ubiquitin 
A)  Lewy bodies; α-synuclein 
B)  plaques; tau proteins 
C)  neurofibrillary tangles; Lewy bodies 
D)  proteosomes; ubiquitin

Question 15

According to the updated McDonald Criteria, for a diagnosis of MS to be made, which criteria must be met?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the updated McDonald Criteria, for...

Question 16

Two very different approaches that are currently being used to treat ALS are _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  DA agonists; glutamate agonists 
B)  glutamate antagonists; free radical scavengers 
C)  glutamate agonists; free radical scavengers increasing neurotransmission in motor control centers of the brain 
D)  DA antagonists; stem cell therapies to produce new motor neurons 
A)  DA agonists; glutamate agonists 
B)  glutamate antagonists; free radical scavengers 
C)  glutamate agonists; free radical scavengers increasing neurotransmission in motor control centers of the brain 
D)  DA antagonists; stem cell therapies to produce new motor neurons

Question 17

Describe the different categories of treatments available for MS, give an example of each one and explain its mechanism of action.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the different categories of treatments available...

Question 18

Which statement about the "MitoPark" mouse model is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is inactivated in this model. 
B)  The model does not support for the theory of loss of dopaminergic neurons PD. 
C)  Substantia nigra cells die because of deficiencies in cellular respiration. 
D)  Treatment with l-DOPA enhances the observed behavioral changes. 
A)  Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is inactivated in this model. 
B)  The model does not support for the theory of loss of dopaminergic neurons PD. 
C)  Substantia nigra cells die because of deficiencies in cellular respiration. 
D)  Treatment with l-DOPA enhances the observed behavioral changes.

Question 19

Although slowness of movement is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease, some patients experience an uncontrollable acceleration of gait, called

Accepted Answer

A)  anteropulsion. 
B)  akathisia. 
C)  festination. 
D)  dystonia. 
A)  anteropulsion. 
B)  akathisia. 
C)  festination. 
D)  dystonia.

Question 20

Which statement about ALS is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Death is caused by respiratory failure as motor neurons controlling this process are lost. 
B)  Protein aggregates known as spheroids are present in degenerating neurons. 
C)  Abnormal eye movements may serve as a marker for the disease prior to other symptoms. 
D)  There is evidence of both hereditary and nonhereditary causes, but specific genes have not been identified. 
A)  Death is caused by respiratory failure as motor neurons controlling this process are lost. 
B)  Protein aggregates known as spheroids are present in degenerating neurons. 
C)  Abnormal eye movements may serve as a marker for the disease prior to other symptoms. 
D)  There is evidence of both hereditary and nonhereditary causes, but specific genes have not been identified.

Which motor dysfunction is not seen in Parkinson's disease?

Multiple sclerosis

Brains of HD patients show severe _ and _.

Describe the factors that contribute to the "Parkinson's shuffle," including information about rigidity and postural instability.

Most people with _ develop plaques and tangles and some develop AD, possibly because they _.

Explain the process involved in the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles and the consequences of their development in PD. What is the normal function of beta-amyloid? Of tau protein?

_ is indicated only for treatment-resistant MS (because of its risky side effects) and its mechanism of action is _.

Describe animal models of AD in three different species. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Many neurodegenerative disorders involve excess glutamate release from degenerating neurons. Why is this undesirable and how can the consequences be decreased?

Parkinson's disease dementia affects approximately _______ of patients after 15 years of disease progression.

Which of the following is the correct order of degeneration in Parkinson's disease?

Treatments for MS include ___ such as _ and treatments for exacerbations, such as _____.

l-DOPA increases dopamine activity by ___, while the drug selegiline (Eldepryl) does so by _. Pramipexole (Mirapex) does so by _____.

Protein aggregation is an important component of neuronal degeneration in PD, with _, composed of _, formed in the affected cells.

According to the updated McDonald Criteria, for a diagnosis of MS to be made, which criteria must be met?

Two very different approaches that are currently being used to treat ALS are _ and _.

Describe the different categories of treatments available for MS, give an example of each one and explain its mechanism of action.

Which statement about the "MitoPark" mouse model is true?

Although slowness of movement is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease, some patients experience an uncontrollable acceleration of gait, called

Which statement about ALS is false?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Filters

Exam 20: Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Which motor dysfunction is not seen in Parkinson's disease?

Multiple sclerosis

Brains of HD patients show severe _______ and _______.

Describe the factors that contribute to the "Parkinson's shuffle," including information about rigidity and postural instability.

Most people with _______ develop plaques and tangles and some develop AD, possibly because they _______.

Explain the process involved in the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles and the consequences of their development in PD. What is the normal function of beta-amyloid? Of tau protein?

_______ is indicated only for treatment-resistant MS (because of its risky side effects) and its mechanism of action is _______.

Describe animal models of AD in three different species. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Many neurodegenerative disorders involve excess glutamate release from degenerating neurons. Why is this undesirable and how can the consequences be decreased?

Parkinson's disease dementia affects approximately _______ of patients after 15 years of disease progression.

Which of the following is the correct order of degeneration in Parkinson's disease?

Treatments for MS include _______ such as _______ and treatments for exacerbations, such as _______.

l-DOPA increases dopamine activity by _______, while the drug selegiline (Eldepryl) does so by _______. Pramipexole (Mirapex) does so by _______.

Protein aggregation is an important component of neuronal degeneration in PD, with _______, composed of _______, formed in the affected cells.

According to the updated McDonald Criteria, for a diagnosis of MS to be made, which criteria must be met?

Two very different approaches that are currently being used to treat ALS are _______ and _______.

Describe the different categories of treatments available for MS, give an example of each one and explain its mechanism of action.

Which statement about the "MitoPark" mouse model is true?

Although slowness of movement is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease, some patients experience an uncontrollable acceleration of gait, called

Which statement about ALS is false?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Filters

Brains of HD patients show severe _ and _.

Most people with _ develop plaques and tangles and some develop AD, possibly because they _.

_ is indicated only for treatment-resistant MS (because of its risky side effects) and its mechanism of action is _.

Treatments for MS include ___ such as _ and treatments for exacerbations, such as _____.

l-DOPA increases dopamine activity by ___, while the drug selegiline (Eldepryl) does so by _. Pramipexole (Mirapex) does so by _____.

Protein aggregation is an important component of neuronal degeneration in PD, with _, composed of _, formed in the affected cells.

Two very different approaches that are currently being used to treat ALS are _ and _.