Question 1

The peptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ)

Accepted Answer

A)  enhances opioid-mediated analgesia in supraspinal regions. 
B)  enhances motor performance. 
C)  is an analgesic at the spinal level. 
D)  suppresses feeding behavior. 
A)  enhances opioid-mediated analgesia in supraspinal regions. 
B)  enhances motor performance. 
C)  is an analgesic at the spinal level. 
D)  suppresses feeding behavior.

Question 2

Himmelsbach's classic model of opiate dependence as a disruption of homeostasis was confirmed physiologically by studying

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in cAMP synthesis. 
B)  intracerebral injections of opiate antagonists. 
C)  place aversion for novel environments. 
D)  mechanisms underlying classical conditioning tolerance. 
A)  changes in cAMP synthesis. 
B)  intracerebral injections of opiate antagonists. 
C)  place aversion for novel environments. 
D)  mechanisms underlying classical conditioning tolerance.

Question 3

How were the endogenous ligands for the opiate receptors discovered? Name the four propeptides and give their approximate location. What is unique about the endomorphins?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How were the endogenous ligands for the...

Question 4

Methadone is an effective treatment for opiate drug abuse because it

Accepted Answer

A)  is short-acting and has a short half-life, making it easy to manage in terms of dose. 
B)  is cross-tolerant with abused opiates, so it can reduce the effects of morphine and heroin with repeated use. 
C)  does not interfere with sexual function. 
D)  does not cause constipation. 
A)  is short-acting and has a short half-life, making it easy to manage in terms of dose. 
B)  is cross-tolerant with abused opiates, so it can reduce the effects of morphine and heroin with repeated use. 
C)  does not interfere with sexual function. 
D)  does not cause constipation.

Question 5

Which of the following is a larger propeptide that is broken down into smaller active opioids?

Accepted Answer

A)  PZM21 
B)  Propoxyphene 
C)  Pro-opiomelanocortin (POM
C)  
D)  Pro-endomorphin 
A)  PZM21 
B)  Propoxyphene 
C)  Pro-opiomelanocortin (POM
C)  
D)  Pro-endomorphin

Question 6

CDC federal guidelines for pain control

Accepted Answer

A)  are intended to reduce opioid deaths and opioid abuse. 
B)  recommend the use of aspirin/ibuprophen or physical therapy rather than opiates. 
C)  make some physicians uneasy when they cannot relieve their patients' suffering. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  are intended to reduce opioid deaths and opioid abuse. 
B)  recommend the use of aspirin/ibuprophen or physical therapy rather than opiates. 
C)  make some physicians uneasy when they cannot relieve their patients' suffering. 
D)  All of the above

Question 7

The nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP-R)

Accepted Answer

A)  is genetically related to the classical opioid receptors, μ, δ, and κ. 
B)  has a high binding affinity for the endogenous opioids. 
C)  is found only in limbic areas and the spinal cord. 
D)  produces euphoria when activated. 
A)  is genetically related to the classical opioid receptors, μ, δ, and κ. 
B)  has a high binding affinity for the endogenous opioids. 
C)  is found only in limbic areas and the spinal cord. 
D)  produces euphoria when activated.

Question 8

Distinguish between tolerance, cross-tolerance, and sensitization. What physiological mechanism best explains opiate tolerance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between tolerance, cross-tolerance, and sensitization. What...

Question 9

When you stub your toe on a hard object, the lingering ache you feel after the initial sharp pain has worn off is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  pain messages traveling in A$\delta$ fibers. 
B)  input reaching the somatosensory cortex and then being processed in adjacent areas. 
C)  information being carried in slowly conducting unmyelinated fibers. 
D)  rapid adaptation occurring at spinal cord levels. 
A)  pain messages traveling in A$\delta$ fibers. 
B)  input reaching the somatosensory cortex and then being processed in adjacent areas. 
C)  information being carried in slowly conducting unmyelinated fibers. 
D)  rapid adaptation occurring at spinal cord levels.

Question 10

The most important descending pathways for modulation of spinal cord transmission of pain originate in the

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamus. 
B)  midbrain PAG. 
C)  limbic system. 
D)  anterior cingulate cortex. 
A)  thalamus. 
B)  midbrain PAG. 
C)  limbic system. 
D)  anterior cingulate cortex.

Question 11

Describe the symptoms, time course, and seriousness of opiate withdrawal. What parts of the brain appear to be involved in the abstinence syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the symptoms, time course, and seriousness...

Question 12

Distinguish between the following treatments for opiate abuse: detoxification, maintenance, use of antagonists, and counseling. Mention therapeutic drugs, when relevant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between the following treatments for opiate...

Question 13

What is the significance of the finding that a traditional acupuncture session produces the same effect as a fake session (no needles penetrating the skin)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Controlling for acupuncture effects is simple. 
B)  Acupuncture may produce placebo effects 
C)  The practitioner's affect is more important the actual acupuncture. 
D)  Acupuncture is not a useful tool for pain control. 
A)  Controlling for acupuncture effects is simple. 
B)  Acupuncture may produce placebo effects 
C)  The practitioner's affect is more important the actual acupuncture. 
D)  Acupuncture is not a useful tool for pain control.

Question 14

What are the factors that may help clinicians identify individuals who are vulnerable to potential opiate abuse and overdose and minimize that risk?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the factors that may help...

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the ways Pert and Snyder confirmed that they had in fact located and labeled opiate receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  They showed that the binding of radioactive naloxone increased until all receptors were fully occupied, then it leveled off. 
B)  They showed that the binding sites have a high affinity for the opiates tested. 
C)  They demonstrated that the binding and the physiological effects were completely irreversible. 
D)  They showed that the drug concentrations in the binding assay were similar to those needed to elicit a biological response. 
A)  They showed that the binding of radioactive naloxone increased until all receptors were fully occupied, then it leveled off. 
B)  They showed that the binding sites have a high affinity for the opiates tested. 
C)  They demonstrated that the binding and the physiological effects were completely irreversible. 
D)  They showed that the drug concentrations in the binding assay were similar to those needed to elicit a biological response.

Question 16

Opiates are dangerous at high doses due mostly to

Accepted Answer

A)  their effects on cardiac muscle. 
B)  the increased likelihood of a stroke. 
C)  the suppression of the brainstem's respiratory center. 
D)  an overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. 
A)  their effects on cardiac muscle. 
B)  the increased likelihood of a stroke. 
C)  the suppression of the brainstem's respiratory center. 
D)  an overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 17

Which anti-diarrheal drug do some opioid-addicted individuals use to reduce vomiting and muscle ache associated with opioid withdrawal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Methamphetamine 
B)  Imipramine 
C)  Loperamide 
D)  Aspirin 
A)  Methamphetamine 
B)  Imipramine 
C)  Loperamide 
D)  Aspirin

Question 18

All of the following are effects of the class of drugs called narcotic analgesics except

Accepted Answer

A)  relaxation. 
B)  diarrhea. 
C)  pain reduction. 
D)  euphoria. 
A)  relaxation. 
B)  diarrhea. 
C)  pain reduction. 
D)  euphoria.

Question 19

Which statement about additional forms of pain control is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acupuncture-induced analgesia is blocked by µ-receptor antagonists. 
B)  Although inhibiting the two peptidases that degrade enkephalin produces significant analgesia, addiction potential is a concern. 
C)  An initial gene therapy trial used a virus engineered to contain the gene coding for human proenkephalin. 
D)  Although NOP-R agonists reduce pain, their use is limited by side effects such as constipation and respiratory depression. 
A)  Acupuncture-induced analgesia is blocked by µ-receptor antagonists. 
B)  Although inhibiting the two peptidases that degrade enkephalin produces significant analgesia, addiction potential is a concern. 
C)  An initial gene therapy trial used a virus engineered to contain the gene coding for human proenkephalin. 
D)  Although NOP-R agonists reduce pain, their use is limited by side effects such as constipation and respiratory depression.

Question 20

Which statement about POMC is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  POMC is the propeptide for the dynorphins. 
B)  Foot shock and swim stress increase POMC mRNA. 
C)  POMC is found in high concentration in the pituitary gland. 
D)  POMC is implicated in stress-induced analgesia. 
A)  POMC is the propeptide for the dynorphins. 
B)  Foot shock and swim stress increase POMC mRNA. 
C)  POMC is found in high concentration in the pituitary gland. 
D)  POMC is implicated in stress-induced analgesia.

The peptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ)

Himmelsbach's classic model of opiate dependence as a disruption of homeostasis was confirmed physiologically by studying

How were the endogenous ligands for the opiate receptors discovered? Name the four propeptides and give their approximate location. What is unique about the endomorphins?

Methadone is an effective treatment for opiate drug abuse because it

Which of the following is a larger propeptide that is broken down into smaller active opioids?

CDC federal guidelines for pain control

The nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP-R)

Distinguish between tolerance, cross-tolerance, and sensitization. What physiological mechanism best explains opiate tolerance?

When you stub your toe on a hard object, the lingering ache you feel after the initial sharp pain has worn off is caused by

The most important descending pathways for modulation of spinal cord transmission of pain originate in the

Describe the symptoms, time course, and seriousness of opiate withdrawal. What parts of the brain appear to be involved in the abstinence syndrome?

Distinguish between the following treatments for opiate abuse: detoxification, maintenance, use of antagonists, and counseling. Mention therapeutic drugs, when relevant.

What is the significance of the finding that a traditional acupuncture session produces the same effect as a fake session (no needles penetrating the skin)?

What are the factors that may help clinicians identify individuals who are vulnerable to potential opiate abuse and overdose and minimize that risk?

Which of the following is not one of the ways Pert and Snyder confirmed that they had in fact located and labeled opiate receptors?

Opiates are dangerous at high doses due mostly to

Which anti-diarrheal drug do some opioid-addicted individuals use to reduce vomiting and muscle ache associated with opioid withdrawal?

All of the following are effects of the class of drugs called narcotic analgesics except

Which statement about additional forms of pain control is true?

Which statement about POMC is false?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 11: The Opioids

The peptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ)

Himmelsbach's classic model of opiate dependence as a disruption of homeostasis was confirmed physiologically by studying

How were the endogenous ligands for the opiate receptors discovered? Name the four propeptides and give their approximate location. What is unique about the endomorphins?

Methadone is an effective treatment for opiate drug abuse because it

Which of the following is a larger propeptide that is broken down into smaller active opioids?

CDC federal guidelines for pain control

The nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP-R)

Distinguish between tolerance, cross-tolerance, and sensitization. What physiological mechanism best explains opiate tolerance?

When you stub your toe on a hard object, the lingering ache you feel after the initial sharp pain has worn off is caused by

The most important descending pathways for modulation of spinal cord transmission of pain originate in the

Describe the symptoms, time course, and seriousness of opiate withdrawal. What parts of the brain appear to be involved in the abstinence syndrome?

Distinguish between the following treatments for opiate abuse: detoxification, maintenance, use of antagonists, and counseling. Mention therapeutic drugs, when relevant.

What is the significance of the finding that a traditional acupuncture session produces the same effect as a fake session (no needles penetrating the skin)?

What are the factors that may help clinicians identify individuals who are vulnerable to potential opiate abuse and overdose and minimize that risk?

Which of the following is not one of the ways Pert and Snyder confirmed that they had in fact located and labeled opiate receptors?

Opiates are dangerous at high doses due mostly to

Which anti-diarrheal drug do some opioid-addicted individuals use to reduce vomiting and muscle ache associated with opioid withdrawal?

All of the following are effects of the class of drugs called narcotic analgesics except

Which statement about additional forms of pain control is true?

Which statement about POMC is false?

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters