Question 1

Freebasing

Accepted Answer

A)  is the procedure used to derive crack cocaine for smoking. 
B)  is especially dangerous because the ether used to extract the cocaine is highly flammable. 
C)  results in a paste that is 80% cocaine. 
D)  requires that baking soda be mixed with the cocaine during the extraction process. 
A)  is the procedure used to derive crack cocaine for smoking. 
B)  is especially dangerous because the ether used to extract the cocaine is highly flammable. 
C)  results in a paste that is 80% cocaine. 
D)  requires that baking soda be mixed with the cocaine during the extraction process.

Question 2

The intended purpose of brain stimulation techniques (such as transcranial magnetic stimulation) is to treat underlying drug craving and other factors contributing to substance misuse by

Accepted Answer

A)  directly increasing certain neurotransmitters in the brain. 
B)  altering brain circuitry. 
C)  preventing relapse by shutting down brain reward centers. 
D)  altering blood flow in the brain. 
A)  directly increasing certain neurotransmitters in the brain. 
B)  altering brain circuitry. 
C)  preventing relapse by shutting down brain reward centers. 
D)  altering blood flow in the brain.

Question 3

Describe the serious neurological consequences of chronic or high dose cocaine use as well as the effects of such use on other systems of the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the serious neurological consequences of chronic...

Question 4

List several members of the class of synthetic cathinones. How are these drugs typically consumed? Describe the two categories of synthetic cathinones based on their neurochemical mechanisms of action.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List several members of the class of...

Question 5

Describe the adverse effects of high doses of synthetic cathinones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the adverse effects of high doses...

Question 6

Amphetamine and related psychostimulants in the amphetamine-like family

Accepted Answer

A)  are drugs of abuse with no therapeutic value. 
B)  resemble the neurotransmitter DA in their chemical structure. 
C)  are all synthetic. 
D)  are drugs of the twentieth century, having no use prior to 1900. 
A)  are drugs of abuse with no therapeutic value. 
B)  resemble the neurotransmitter DA in their chemical structure. 
C)  are all synthetic. 
D)  are drugs of the twentieth century, having no use prior to 1900.

Question 7

Therapeutic doses of methylphenidate _______ DATs in the striatum and NETs in the frontal cortex, thereby _______ the level of both DA and NE in the extracelluar fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  block; increasing 
B)  block; decreasing 
C)  release; increasing 
D)  release; decreasing 
A)  block; increasing 
B)  block; decreasing 
C)  release; increasing 
D)  release; decreasing

Question 8

Which statement concerning the drugs used to treat ADHD is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  These medications appear to have almost no adverse side effects. 
B)  Low doses of these medications increase activity and arousal in children but not adults. 
C)  Most of these drugs affect dopamine, with the exception of the drug Strattera, which works by affecting norepinephrine. 
D)  These drugs are safe to use because they have no abuse potential. 
A)  These medications appear to have almost no adverse side effects. 
B)  Low doses of these medications increase activity and arousal in children but not adults. 
C)  Most of these drugs affect dopamine, with the exception of the drug Strattera, which works by affecting norepinephrine. 
D)  These drugs are safe to use because they have no abuse potential.

Question 9

How is it thought to be possible for cocaine and amphetamine to increase extracellular DA in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in knockout mice lacking the DA transporter?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is it thought to be possible...

Question 10

What is the limitation of cross-sectional studies that show that people with methamphetamine addiction have problems with impulse control, memory, verbal learning, and social cognition compared with healthy individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  These studies are short term and do not take into account the impairments caused by long term drug use. 
B)  These studies do not sample a large enough population of addicted individuals to be conclusive. 
C)  It is impossible to know if the deficits were there before the addiction or were caused by the addiction. 
D)  It is difficult to determine if the deficits are due to the methamphetamine or other drugs that might be in the user's system. 
A)  These studies are short term and do not take into account the impairments caused by long term drug use. 
B)  These studies do not sample a large enough population of addicted individuals to be conclusive. 
C)  It is impossible to know if the deficits were there before the addiction or were caused by the addiction. 
D)  It is difficult to determine if the deficits are due to the methamphetamine or other drugs that might be in the user's system.

Question 11

What changes occur in the rat dopamine system under conditions of cocaine tolerance produced by long-access cocaine self-administration?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What changes occur in the rat dopamine...

Question 12

What have studies with mutant mice that have a cocaine-insensitive serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serotonin levels do not play a role in cocaine-related reward and reinforcement. 
B)  Inhibiting serotonergic signaling counteracts cocaine-related reward and reinforcement. 
C)  The effect of serotonin on reward and reinforcement is not clear. 
D)  Activation of serotonergic signaling counteracts cocaine related reward and reinforcement. 
A)  Serotonin levels do not play a role in cocaine-related reward and reinforcement. 
B)  Inhibiting serotonergic signaling counteracts cocaine-related reward and reinforcement. 
C)  The effect of serotonin on reward and reinforcement is not clear. 
D)  Activation of serotonergic signaling counteracts cocaine related reward and reinforcement.

Question 13

Which statement regarding cocaine's status in the late nineteenth century is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud wrote an essay, Über Coca, warning people about the dangers of cocaine. 
B)  Cocaine was being used as a treatment for morphine addiction and infant teething pain. 
C)  Chewing of coca leaves was the most popular way to administer cocaine. 
D)  Cocaine abuse was declining among the U.S. population. 
A)  Freud wrote an essay, Über Coca, warning people about the dangers of cocaine. 
B)  Cocaine was being used as a treatment for morphine addiction and infant teething pain. 
C)  Chewing of coca leaves was the most popular way to administer cocaine. 
D)  Cocaine abuse was declining among the U.S. population.

Question 14

What is one way amphetamine differs from methamphetamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amphetamine is metabolized quickly, whereas methamphetamine is degraded slowly. 
B)  Methamphetamine is more frequently used for recreational use because it is more potent. 
C)  Amphetamine is more frequently used for recreational us because it has more powerful effects on the CNS. 
D)  Methamphetamine is much more expensive to produce than amphetamine. 
A)  Amphetamine is metabolized quickly, whereas methamphetamine is degraded slowly. 
B)  Methamphetamine is more frequently used for recreational use because it is more potent. 
C)  Amphetamine is more frequently used for recreational us because it has more powerful effects on the CNS. 
D)  Methamphetamine is much more expensive to produce than amphetamine.

Question 15

Psychostimulant injections

Accepted Answer

A)  increase stereotyped behavior when microinjected into the nucleus accumbens. 
B)  increase locomotor behavior when microinjected into the striatum. 
C)  have their reinforcing effects effectively blocked by 6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens. 
D)  of amphetamine into the nucleus accumbens do not appear to be rewarding to animals, as they will not self-administer the drug. 
A)  increase stereotyped behavior when microinjected into the nucleus accumbens. 
B)  increase locomotor behavior when microinjected into the striatum. 
C)  have their reinforcing effects effectively blocked by 6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens. 
D)  of amphetamine into the nucleus accumbens do not appear to be rewarding to animals, as they will not self-administer the drug.

Question 16

Long-access (6 hours per day) cocaine self-administration by rats has been shown to cause

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral tolerance to the drug. 
B)  reduced basic functioning of the dopaminergic system with no drug challenge. 
C)  up-regulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors. 
D)  increased sensitivity of terminal D2 DA autoreceptors. 
A)  behavioral tolerance to the drug. 
B)  reduced basic functioning of the dopaminergic system with no drug challenge. 
C)  up-regulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors. 
D)  increased sensitivity of terminal D2 DA autoreceptors.

Question 17

Which dopamine receptor subtype is most important for the functional effects of psychostimulants? What is the evidence for this conclusion?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which dopamine receptor subtype is most important...

Question 18

Sensitization of the mesolimbic DA pathway at the level of both VTA dopaminergic cell bodies and the nerve terminals in the NAcc

Accepted Answer

A)  can be produced by a single drug exposure. 
B)  is only produced by multiple drug exposures. 
C)  can be only be produced if two drugs synergize, thus speeding sensitization. 
D)  is only produced in individuals with a specific genetic mutation. 
A)  can be produced by a single drug exposure. 
B)  is only produced by multiple drug exposures. 
C)  can be only be produced if two drugs synergize, thus speeding sensitization. 
D)  is only produced in individuals with a specific genetic mutation.

Question 19

Briefly describe the symptoms of ADHD in children, the three different subtypes of ADHD, and how the symptoms of this disorder are altered by psychostimulant medications. Identify some of the concerns that have been raised with respect to long-term treatment of children with psychostimulants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe the symptoms of ADHD in...

Question 20

Chronic or high dose cocaine use can cause all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  damage to somatosensory systems. 
B)  a stroke. 
C)  psychosis. 
D)  perforation of the nasal septum. 
A)  damage to somatosensory systems. 
B)  a stroke. 
C)  psychosis. 
D)  perforation of the nasal septum.

Freebasing

The intended purpose of brain stimulation techniques (such as transcranial magnetic stimulation) is to treat underlying drug craving and other factors contributing to substance misuse by

Describe the serious neurological consequences of chronic or high dose cocaine use as well as the effects of such use on other systems of the body.

List several members of the class of synthetic cathinones. How are these drugs typically consumed? Describe the two categories of synthetic cathinones based on their neurochemical mechanisms of action.

Describe the adverse effects of high doses of synthetic cathinones.

Amphetamine and related psychostimulants in the amphetamine-like family

Therapeutic doses of methylphenidate _ DATs in the striatum and NETs in the frontal cortex, thereby _ the level of both DA and NE in the extracelluar fluid.

Which statement concerning the drugs used to treat ADHD is true?

How is it thought to be possible for cocaine and amphetamine to increase extracellular DA in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in knockout mice lacking the DA transporter?

What is the limitation of cross-sectional studies that show that people with methamphetamine addiction have problems with impulse control, memory, verbal learning, and social cognition compared with healthy individuals?

What changes occur in the rat dopamine system under conditions of cocaine tolerance produced by long-access cocaine self-administration?

What have studies with mutant mice that have a cocaine-insensitive serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) shown?

Which statement regarding cocaine's status in the late nineteenth century is true?

What is one way amphetamine differs from methamphetamine?

Psychostimulant injections

Long-access (6 hours per day) cocaine self-administration by rats has been shown to cause

Which dopamine receptor subtype is most important for the functional effects of psychostimulants? What is the evidence for this conclusion?

Sensitization of the mesolimbic DA pathway at the level of both VTA dopaminergic cell bodies and the nerve terminals in the NAcc

Briefly describe the symptoms of ADHD in children, the three different subtypes of ADHD, and how the symptoms of this disorder are altered by psychostimulant medications. Identify some of the concerns that have been raised with respect to long-term treatment of children with psychostimulants.

Chronic or high dose cocaine use can cause all of the following except

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 12: Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Freebasing

The intended purpose of brain stimulation techniques (such as transcranial magnetic stimulation) is to treat underlying drug craving and other factors contributing to substance misuse by

Describe the serious neurological consequences of chronic or high dose cocaine use as well as the effects of such use on other systems of the body.

List several members of the class of synthetic cathinones. How are these drugs typically consumed? Describe the two categories of synthetic cathinones based on their neurochemical mechanisms of action.

Describe the adverse effects of high doses of synthetic cathinones.

Amphetamine and related psychostimulants in the amphetamine-like family

Therapeutic doses of methylphenidate _______ DATs in the striatum and NETs in the frontal cortex, thereby _______ the level of both DA and NE in the extracelluar fluid.

Which statement concerning the drugs used to treat ADHD is true?

How is it thought to be possible for cocaine and amphetamine to increase extracellular DA in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in knockout mice lacking the DA transporter?

What is the limitation of cross-sectional studies that show that people with methamphetamine addiction have problems with impulse control, memory, verbal learning, and social cognition compared with healthy individuals?

What changes occur in the rat dopamine system under conditions of cocaine tolerance produced by long-access cocaine self-administration?

What have studies with mutant mice that have a cocaine-insensitive serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) shown?

Which statement regarding cocaine's status in the late nineteenth century is true?

What is one way amphetamine differs from methamphetamine?

Psychostimulant injections

Long-access (6 hours per day) cocaine self-administration by rats has been shown to cause

Which dopamine receptor subtype is most important for the functional effects of psychostimulants? What is the evidence for this conclusion?

Sensitization of the mesolimbic DA pathway at the level of both VTA dopaminergic cell bodies and the nerve terminals in the NAcc

Briefly describe the symptoms of ADHD in children, the three different subtypes of ADHD, and how the symptoms of this disorder are altered by psychostimulant medications. Identify some of the concerns that have been raised with respect to long-term treatment of children with psychostimulants.

Chronic or high dose cocaine use can cause all of the following except

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Therapeutic doses of methylphenidate _ DATs in the striatum and NETs in the frontal cortex, thereby _ the level of both DA and NE in the extracelluar fluid.