Question 1

A change observed in the brains of people with schizophrenia is

Accepted Answer

A)  enlarged volume of the temporal lobe and limbic structures. 
B)  shrinkage of the ventricles. 
C)  increase in definition of selected cortical layers. 
D)  disorganized arrangement of hippocampal cells. 
A)  enlarged volume of the temporal lobe and limbic structures. 
B)  shrinkage of the ventricles. 
C)  increase in definition of selected cortical layers. 
D)  disorganized arrangement of hippocampal cells.

Question 2

Which of the following is associated with the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive functions are most affected by the excess activity in the disinhibited mesolimbic pathway. 
B)  Early damage to the indirect basal ganglia pathway results in the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. 
C)  High mesolimbic DA activity following mesocortical cell loss may explain the dramatic positive symptoms of schizophrenia. 
D)  The model attempts to identify the cause of the proposed early mesocortical cell loss. 
A)  Cognitive functions are most affected by the excess activity in the disinhibited mesolimbic pathway. 
B)  Early damage to the indirect basal ganglia pathway results in the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. 
C)  High mesolimbic DA activity following mesocortical cell loss may explain the dramatic positive symptoms of schizophrenia. 
D)  The model attempts to identify the cause of the proposed early mesocortical cell loss.

Question 3

How do the newer drugs valbenazine and deutetrabenazine act to reduce tardive dyskinesia in patients taking neuroleptics?

Accepted Answer

A)  They inhibit the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which degrades DA in the synapse, halting its signaling. 
B)  They enhance glutamate activity at NMDA receptors. 
C)  As muscarinic ACh receptor antagonists, they reduce excess ACh activity. 
D)  They reduce the amount of DA that can be released into the synapse by inhibiting vesicular monoamine transporter, subtype 2 (VMAT2). 
A)  They inhibit the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which degrades DA in the synapse, halting its signaling. 
B)  They enhance glutamate activity at NMDA receptors. 
C)  As muscarinic ACh receptor antagonists, they reduce excess ACh activity. 
D)  They reduce the amount of DA that can be released into the synapse by inhibiting vesicular monoamine transporter, subtype 2 (VMAT2).

Question 4

One of the newer types of atypical antipsychotic medications are

Accepted Answer

A)  phenothiazines. 
B)  butyrophenones. 
C)  dopamine system stabilizers. 
D)  piperazines. 
A)  phenothiazines. 
B)  butyrophenones. 
C)  dopamine system stabilizers. 
D)  piperazines.

Question 5

To address the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, new pharmacological approaches are being developed that target specific aspects of various neurotransmitter systems, including

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine, dopamine, and glutamate. 
B)  serotonin and glutamate. 
C)  GABA and glutamate. 
D)  glycine, dopamine, and GABA. 
A)  acetylcholine, dopamine, and glutamate. 
B)  serotonin and glutamate. 
C)  GABA and glutamate. 
D)  glycine, dopamine, and GABA.

Question 6

Explain how a dopamine receptor partial agonist can both reduce and increase DA activity and indicate how this could be useful in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how a dopamine receptor partial agonist...

Question 7

Explain why the atypical neuroleptics are referred to as broad-spectrum antipsychotics. Name most well-known drug in this category and identify its advantages and disadvantages over older medications. Is it a perfect solution for schizophrenia? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why the atypical neuroleptics are referred...

Question 8

Describe schizophrenia in terms of incidence, diagnosis, and symptoms. Distinguish between positive, negative and cognitive symptoms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe schizophrenia in terms of incidence, diagnosis,...

Question 9

Which of the following is/are not a typical symptom of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Auditory hallucinations 
B)  Delusions of persecution 
C)  Vague or illogical speech 
D)  Severe anxiety 
A)  Auditory hallucinations 
B)  Delusions of persecution 
C)  Vague or illogical speech 
D)  Severe anxiety

Question 10

Both inhibiting the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor drug atomoxetine are strategies used to treat _______ by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive symptoms; enhancing PFC DA function 
B)  tremors; reducing PFC DA function 
C)  cognitive symptoms; enhancing PFC glutamate levels 
D)  tremors; reducing PFC glutamate levels 
A)  cognitive symptoms; enhancing PFC DA function 
B)  tremors; reducing PFC DA function 
C)  cognitive symptoms; enhancing PFC glutamate levels 
D)  tremors; reducing PFC glutamate levels

Question 11

Concerning the incidence and severity of schizophrenia,

Accepted Answer

A)  although treatment is available, about 50% of people with the disorder spend a large part of their lives in psychiatric hospitals. 
B)  approximately 5% of the general population will receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia at some point in their lifetimes. 
C)  the disorder is considered to be chronic and incurable. 
D)  the incidence of the disorder is highest among young women in their late teens and early twenties. 
A)  although treatment is available, about 50% of people with the disorder spend a large part of their lives in psychiatric hospitals. 
B)  approximately 5% of the general population will receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia at some point in their lifetimes. 
C)  the disorder is considered to be chronic and incurable. 
D)  the incidence of the disorder is highest among young women in their late teens and early twenties.

Question 12

Psychoses are characterized by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  severe distortions of reality. 
B)  affective disturbances. 
C)  problems with intellectual functioning. 
D)  savant-like increases in intelligence. 
A)  severe distortions of reality. 
B)  affective disturbances. 
C)  problems with intellectual functioning. 
D)  savant-like increases in intelligence.

Question 13

The _______ receptor is most involved in the therapeutic effects of the traditional antipsychotics.

Accepted Answer

A)  D1 
B)  D2 
C)  D3 
D)  D4/5 
A)  D1 
B)  D2 
C)  D3 
D)  D4/5

Question 14

A patient arrives at a hospital ER with paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations. If she has no history of schizophrenia, which drug would you expect to find in her blood sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heroin 
B)  LSD 
C)  THC 
D)  Cocaine 
A)  Heroin 
B)  LSD 
C)  THC 
D)  Cocaine

Question 15

Which statement regarding the epigenetic modification of the RELN gene, which codes for the protein reelin, is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetylation causes a more "open" chromatin state and results in enhanced reelin production. 
B)  Methionine makes schizophrenic symptoms worse for more than 60% of patients tested. 
C)  Disruption of reelin production could affect fetal neuronal positioning during development. 
D)  Studies show greater RELN hypermethylation in several corticolimbic brain areas in people with schizophrenia. 
A)  Acetylation causes a more "open" chromatin state and results in enhanced reelin production. 
B)  Methionine makes schizophrenic symptoms worse for more than 60% of patients tested. 
C)  Disruption of reelin production could affect fetal neuronal positioning during development. 
D)  Studies show greater RELN hypermethylation in several corticolimbic brain areas in people with schizophrenia.

Question 16

Describe the amphetamine-induced stereotypy model of schizophrenia. Include evidence that supports the model's usefulness for understanding schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the amphetamine-induced stereotypy model of schizophrenia....

Question 17

Which evidence supports the idea that traditional antipsychotic medications act on the dopamine system?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a decrease in dopamine-induced prolactin release from the pituitary gland during treatment with antipsychotic drugs. 
B)  There is no correlation between the potency of an antipsychotic drug and its ability to displace a labeled ligand from dopamine receptors. 
C)  antipsychotic drugs cause parkinsonian side effects, which are known to involve dopamine. 
D)  antipsychotics that have a higher affinity for DA receptors and do not require higher doses to be clinically effective. 
A)  There is a decrease in dopamine-induced prolactin release from the pituitary gland during treatment with antipsychotic drugs. 
B)  There is no correlation between the potency of an antipsychotic drug and its ability to displace a labeled ligand from dopamine receptors. 
C)  antipsychotic drugs cause parkinsonian side effects, which are known to involve dopamine. 
D)  antipsychotics that have a higher affinity for DA receptors and do not require higher doses to be clinically effective.

Question 18

Describe the characteristics and possible neurochemical basis of one of the following serious side effects of neuroleptic medications: parkinsonian symptoms and tardive dyskinesia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the characteristics and possible neurochemical basis...

Question 19

Which statement about glutamate and DA in regard to symptoms associated with schizophrenia is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overabundance of glutamate at the NMDA receptor may be a precursor to DA dysfunction and may explain increases in mesolimbic DA and decreases in PFC function. 
B)  Insufficient glutamate at the NMDA receptor may be a precursor to DA dysfunction and may explain increases in mesolimbic DA and decreases in PFC function. 
C)  NMDA receptors have indirect excitatory effects on of midbrain mesolimbic
DA neurons that project to limbic regions. 
D)  Schizophrenic symptoms are due to increased DA function in mesocortical neurons along with reduced DA function in mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons. 
A)  Overabundance of glutamate at the NMDA receptor may be a precursor to DA dysfunction and may explain increases in mesolimbic DA and decreases in PFC function. 
B)  Insufficient glutamate at the NMDA receptor may be a precursor to DA dysfunction and may explain increases in mesolimbic DA and decreases in PFC function. 
C)  NMDA receptors have indirect excitatory effects on of midbrain mesolimbic
DA neurons that project to limbic regions. 
D)  Schizophrenic symptoms are due to increased DA function in mesocortical neurons along with reduced DA function in mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons.

Question 20

Parkinsonian symptoms in schizophrenia include

Accepted Answer

A)  anxiety. 
B)  sedation. 
C)  flailing movements. 
D)  loss of facial expressions. 
A)  anxiety. 
B)  sedation. 
C)  flailing movements. 
D)  loss of facial expressions.

A change observed in the brains of people with schizophrenia is

Which of the following is associated with the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia?

How do the newer drugs valbenazine and deutetrabenazine act to reduce tardive dyskinesia in patients taking neuroleptics?

One of the newer types of atypical antipsychotic medications are

To address the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, new pharmacological approaches are being developed that target specific aspects of various neurotransmitter systems, including

Explain how a dopamine receptor partial agonist can both reduce and increase DA activity and indicate how this could be useful in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Explain why the atypical neuroleptics are referred to as broad-spectrum antipsychotics. Name most well-known drug in this category and identify its advantages and disadvantages over older medications. Is it a perfect solution for schizophrenia? Why or why not?

Describe schizophrenia in terms of incidence, diagnosis, and symptoms. Distinguish between positive, negative and cognitive symptoms.

Which of the following is/are not a typical symptom of schizophrenia?

Both inhibiting the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor drug atomoxetine are strategies used to treat _ by _.

Concerning the incidence and severity of schizophrenia,

Psychoses are characterized by all of the following except

The _______ receptor is most involved in the therapeutic effects of the traditional antipsychotics.

A patient arrives at a hospital ER with paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations. If she has no history of schizophrenia, which drug would you expect to find in her blood sample?

Which statement regarding the epigenetic modification of the RELN gene, which codes for the protein reelin, is false?

Describe the amphetamine-induced stereotypy model of schizophrenia. Include evidence that supports the model's usefulness for understanding schizophrenia.

Which evidence supports the idea that traditional antipsychotic medications act on the dopamine system?

Describe the characteristics and possible neurochemical basis of one of the following serious side effects of neuroleptic medications: parkinsonian symptoms and tardive dyskinesia.

Which statement about glutamate and DA in regard to symptoms associated with schizophrenia is true?

Parkinsonian symptoms in schizophrenia include

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Exam 19: Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

A change observed in the brains of people with schizophrenia is

Which of the following is associated with the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia?

How do the newer drugs valbenazine and deutetrabenazine act to reduce tardive dyskinesia in patients taking neuroleptics?

One of the newer types of atypical antipsychotic medications are

To address the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, new pharmacological approaches are being developed that target specific aspects of various neurotransmitter systems, including

Explain how a dopamine receptor partial agonist can both reduce and increase DA activity and indicate how this could be useful in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Explain why the atypical neuroleptics are referred to as broad-spectrum antipsychotics. Name most well-known drug in this category and identify its advantages and disadvantages over older medications. Is it a perfect solution for schizophrenia? Why or why not?

Describe schizophrenia in terms of incidence, diagnosis, and symptoms. Distinguish between positive, negative and cognitive symptoms.

Which of the following is/are not a typical symptom of schizophrenia?

Both inhibiting the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor drug atomoxetine are strategies used to treat _______ by _______.

Concerning the incidence and severity of schizophrenia,

Psychoses are characterized by all of the following except

The _______ receptor is most involved in the therapeutic effects of the traditional antipsychotics.

A patient arrives at a hospital ER with paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations. If she has no history of schizophrenia, which drug would you expect to find in her blood sample?

Which statement regarding the epigenetic modification of the RELN gene, which codes for the protein reelin, is false?

Describe the amphetamine-induced stereotypy model of schizophrenia. Include evidence that supports the model's usefulness for understanding schizophrenia.

Which evidence supports the idea that traditional antipsychotic medications act on the dopamine system?

Describe the characteristics and possible neurochemical basis of one of the following serious side effects of neuroleptic medications: parkinsonian symptoms and tardive dyskinesia.

Which statement about glutamate and DA in regard to symptoms associated with schizophrenia is true?

Parkinsonian symptoms in schizophrenia include

Principles of Pharmacology

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Chemical Signaling by Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Methods of Research in Psychopharmacology

Catecholamines

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glutamate and Gaba

Drug Abuse and Addiction

Alcohol

The Opioids

Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamine, and Related Drugs

Nicotine and Caffeine

Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

Hallucinogens, Pcp, and Ketamine

Inhalants, Ghb, and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

Disorders of Anxiety and Impulsivity and the Drugs Used to Treat These Disorders

Affective Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Neurodegenerative Diseases, by Jennifer R : Yates, Lander University

Filters

Both inhibiting the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor drug atomoxetine are strategies used to treat _ by _.