Question 1

According to the biological species concept, a species consists of one or more populations whose members do not ____ with members of different species.

Accepted Answer

A)  hunt 
B)  feed 
C)  migrate 
D)  interbreed 
E)  communicate 
A)  hunt 
B)  feed 
C)  migrate 
D)  interbreed 
E)  communicate

Question 2

Alloploidy provides a mechanism for slow speciation. 
________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Speciation is more likely to occur if the isolated population is large. ___________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The serial endosymbiosis hypothesis states that the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts was the result of a mutually advantageous symbiotic relationship between two eukaryotic organisms. 
______________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

During which time period did shallow seas cover much of the land and another burst of evolutionary diversification occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Silurian period 
B)  Permian period 
C)  Devonian period 
D)  Ordovician period 
E)  Carboniferous period 
A)  Silurian period 
B)  Permian period 
C)  Devonian period 
D)  Ordovician period 
E)  Carboniferous period

Question 6

Amino acids and other organic molecules were formed in the laboratory of Miller and Urey from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen, methane, water, ammonia, and electrical discharge 
B)  heat, ultraviolet radiation, water, carbon dioxide, and amines 
C)  heat, infrared radiation, water, carbon dioxide, and free nitrogen 
D)  heat, electrical discharge, water, nitric oxide, and carbon dioxide 
E)  ultraviolet radiation, electrical discharge, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and ammonia 
A)  hydrogen, methane, water, ammonia, and electrical discharge 
B)  heat, ultraviolet radiation, water, carbon dioxide, and amines 
C)  heat, infrared radiation, water, carbon dioxide, and free nitrogen 
D)  heat, electrical discharge, water, nitric oxide, and carbon dioxide 
E)  ultraviolet radiation, electrical discharge, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and ammonia

Question 7

Which is the largest division of the geologic time scale?

Accepted Answer

A)  eon 
B)  era 
C)  epoch 
D)  period 
E)  millennium 
A)  eon 
B)  era 
C)  epoch 
D)  period 
E)  millennium

Question 8

Temporal and habitat isolation is classified as what type of reproductive barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  gametic barriers 
B)  prezygotic barriers 
C)  postzygotic barriers 
D)  homozygotic barriers 
E)  heterozygotic barriers 
A)  gametic barriers 
B)  prezygotic barriers 
C)  postzygotic barriers 
D)  homozygotic barriers 
E)  heterozygotic barriers

Question 9

One group of fruit flies reproduces in August and one group reproduces in September. Which of the following mechanisms is preventing them from cross breeding?

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual isolation 
B)  diurnal isolation 
C)  gametic isolation 
D)  temporal isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation 
A)  sexual isolation 
B)  diurnal isolation 
C)  gametic isolation 
D)  temporal isolation 
E)  mechanical isolation

Question 10

The evolutionary species concept states that for a population to be declared a separate species, it must:

Accepted Answer

A)  not interbreed with any other population. 
B)  have diverged significantly from other populations. 
C)  occupy a different niche than any other population. 
D)  be morphologically different from any other population. 
E)  have undergone natural selection sometime in its history. 
A)  not interbreed with any other population. 
B)  have diverged significantly from other populations. 
C)  occupy a different niche than any other population. 
D)  be morphologically different from any other population. 
E)  have undergone natural selection sometime in its history.

Question 11

Which were the first organisms to release oxygen by photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  algae 
B)  cyanobacteria 
C)  gymnosperms 
D)  flowering plants 
E)  green sulfur bacteria 
A)  algae 
B)  cyanobacteria 
C)  gymnosperms 
D)  flowering plants 
E)  green sulfur bacteria

Question 12

One critical requirement for life to arise on Earth was time for which to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The salinity of the oceans to stabilize 
B)  The Earth's various climates to stabilize 
C)  Molecules to accumulate and react with one another 
D)  The atmospheric temperature to increase sufficiently 
E)  The ozone layer to form, so that the level of ultraviolet radiation was reduced 
A)  The salinity of the oceans to stabilize 
B)  The Earth's various climates to stabilize 
C)  Molecules to accumulate and react with one another 
D)  The atmospheric temperature to increase sufficiently 
E)  The ozone layer to form, so that the level of ultraviolet radiation was reduced

Question 13

If a population of allopolyploids were to evolve in an area, what are possible outcomes for this new species?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: The new species ma

Question 14

Why is it believed that RNA was the first informational molecule to evolve?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA molecules can replicate into DNA molecules. 
B)  RNA molecules are more central to modern inheritance than DNA. 
C)  RNA molecules degrade more slowly in solution than DNA molecules. 
D)  RNA molecules are much simpler structures than other macromolecules. 
E)  RNA molecules are able to function as both enzymes and substrates for their own replication. 
A)  RNA molecules can replicate into DNA molecules. 
B)  RNA molecules are more central to modern inheritance than DNA. 
C)  RNA molecules degrade more slowly in solution than DNA molecules. 
D)  RNA molecules are much simpler structures than other macromolecules. 
E)  RNA molecules are able to function as both enzymes and substrates for their own replication.

Question 15

The evolution of aerobic respiration ____ both oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the biosphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  mutated 
B)  stabilized 
C)  increased 
D)  decreased 
E)  eliminated 
A)  mutated 
B)  stabilized 
C)  increased 
D)  decreased 
E)  eliminated

Question 16

Compare and contrast allopatric and sympatric speciation.

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation occurs w

Question 17

Sympatric speciation is the most common method of speciation and accounts for almost all evolution of new animal species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Amphibians evolved directly from which ancestral organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  fishes 
B)  reptiles 
C)  small mammals 
D)  soft-bodied animals 
E)  marine invertebrates 
A)  fishes 
B)  reptiles 
C)  small mammals 
D)  soft-bodied animals 
E)  marine invertebrates

Question 19

Scientists supporting phyletic gradualism explain any period of stasis in the fossil record as stabilizing selection. 
___________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which time period would hold the record of the oldest fossils of multicellular animals, found in mountainous areas of South Australia, and parts of Canada and China?

Accepted Answer

A)  Edicarian 
B)  Devonian 
C)  Cambrian 
D)  Cretaceous 
E)  Ordovician 
A)  Edicarian 
B)  Devonian 
C)  Cambrian 
D)  Cretaceous 
E)  Ordovician

Exam 20: Speciation and Macroevolution

According to the biological species concept, a species consists of one or more populations whose members do not ____ with members of different species.

Alloploidy provides a mechanism for slow speciation. ________

Speciation is more likely to occur if the isolated population is large. ___________

The serial endosymbiosis hypothesis states that the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts was the result of a mutually advantageous symbiotic relationship between two eukaryotic organisms. ______________

During which time period did shallow seas cover much of the land and another burst of evolutionary diversification occur?

Amino acids and other organic molecules were formed in the laboratory of Miller and Urey from which of the following?

Which is the largest division of the geologic time scale?

Temporal and habitat isolation is classified as what type of reproductive barrier?

One group of fruit flies reproduces in August and one group reproduces in September. Which of the following mechanisms is preventing them from cross breeding?

The evolutionary species concept states that for a population to be declared a separate species, it must:

Which were the first organisms to release oxygen by photosynthesis?

One critical requirement for life to arise on Earth was time for which to occur?

If a population of allopolyploids were to evolve in an area, what are possible outcomes for this new species?

Why is it believed that RNA was the first informational molecule to evolve?

The evolution of aerobic respiration ____ both oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the biosphere.

Compare and contrast allopatric and sympatric speciation.

Sympatric speciation is the most common method of speciation and accounts for almost all evolution of new animal species.

Amphibians evolved directly from which ancestral organisms?

Scientists supporting phyletic gradualism explain any period of stasis in the fossil record as stabilizing selection. ___________

Which time period would hold the record of the oldest fossils of multicellular animals, found in mountainous areas of South Australia, and parts of Canada and China?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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