Question 1

What is a cladogram?

Accepted Answer

A)  A diagram of radioactivity 
B)  A dia gram showing lines of descent 
C)  A demonstration of genetic variability 
D)  A geographical distribution of organisms 
E)  A similar structure found in different organisms 
A)  A diagram of radioactivity 
B)  A dia gram showing lines of descent 
C)  A demonstration of genetic variability 
D)  A geographical distribution of organisms 
E)  A similar structure found in different organisms

Question 2

Who arranged organisms into a scale of nature and first stated that organisms changed toward the more complex and perfect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aristotle 
B)  Lamarck 
C)  Dobzhansky 
D)  Charles Darwin 
E)  Erasmus Darwin 
A)  Aristotle 
B)  Lamarck 
C)  Dobzhansky 
D)  Charles Darwin 
E)  Erasmus Darwin

Question 3

Figure 18-11   What is the land mass labeled as 1 in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pangea 
B)  Eurasia 
C)  Laurasia 
D)  Gondwana 
E)  Antarctica 
A)  Pangea 
B)  Eurasia 
C)  Laurasia 
D)  Gondwana 
E)  Antarctica

Question 4

DNA sequencing data suggest that evolutionary changes are related to an accumulation of:

Accepted Answer

A)  index fossils. 
B)  vestigial organs. 
C)  convergent structures. 
D)  homologous structures. 
E)  changes in DNA nucleotide sequences. 
A)  index fossils. 
B)  vestigial organs. 
C)  convergent structures. 
D)  homologous structures. 
E)  changes in DNA nucleotide sequences.

Question 5

Where would you most likely find fossilized remains of humans and their immediate ancestors?

Accepted Answer

A)  only in relatively old rock 
B)  only in relatively young rock 
C)  only in rock formed from volcanoes 
D)  only in rock from the Precambrian times 
E)  in any rock from areas inhabited by humans 
A)  only in relatively old rock 
B)  only in relatively young rock 
C)  only in rock formed from volcanoes 
D)  only in rock from the Precambrian times 
E)  in any rock from areas inhabited by humans

Question 6

Which statement about radioisotopes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium-40 has an extremely long half-life. 
B)  Carbon-14 is typically used to date sedimentary rock. 
C)  The ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 is used in dating fossils. 
D)  The half-life of a radioisotope does not vary with temperature or pressure. 
E)  The nucleus of a radioisotope can change into that of a different element during decay. 
A)  Potassium-40 has an extremely long half-life. 
B)  Carbon-14 is typically used to date sedimentary rock. 
C)  The ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 is used in dating fossils. 
D)  The half-life of a radioisotope does not vary with temperature or pressure. 
E)  The nucleus of a radioisotope can change into that of a different element during decay.

Question 7

Which group of islands is where Charles Darwin observed variation among organisms and compared these organisms to those found on the mainland?

Accepted Answer

A)  Virgin Islands 
B)  Canary Islands 
C)  Channel Islands 
D)  Falkland Islands 
E)  Galapagos Islands 
A)  Virgin Islands 
B)  Canary Islands 
C)  Channel Islands 
D)  Falkland Islands 
E)  Galapagos Islands

Question 8

Figure 18-1   Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 2 is homologous with the structure labeled as:

Accepted Answer

A)  1. 
B)  3. 
C)  4. 
D)  5. 
E)  7. 
A)  1. 
B)  3. 
C)  4. 
D)  5. 
E)  7.

Question 9

Overproduction, variation, limits on population growth, and differential reproductive success are all components of:

Accepted Answer

A)  gradualism. 
B)  genetic inheritance. 
C)  punctuated equilibrium. 
D)  evolution by natural selection. 
E)  evolution by inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
A)  gradualism. 
B)  genetic inheritance. 
C)  punctuated equilibrium. 
D)  evolution by natural selection. 
E)  evolution by inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Question 10

Which are evolutionary modifications that improve the survival and reproductive success of an organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutations 
B)  adaptations 
C)  artificial traits 
D)  homoplastic traits 
E)  vestigial structures 
A)  mutations 
B)  adaptations 
C)  artificial traits 
D)  homoplastic traits 
E)  vestigial structures

Question 11

Which provides the most direct evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  biogeography 
B)  the fossil record 
C)  molecular biology 
D)  convergent evolution 
E)  comparative anatomy 
A)  biogeography 
B)  the fossil record 
C)  molecular biology 
D)  convergent evolution 
E)  comparative anatomy

Question 12

After eleven years, the descendants of transferred guppies in Venezuela and Trinidad were significantly larger than their ancestors, indicating that the larger size of guppies was a(n) adaptation to the new environment. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What did Charles Darwin investigate while visiting the Galapagos Islands?

Accepted Answer

A)  How the island species were completely different 
B)  How the island species resembled those from nearby islands 
C)  How the island species resembled those on other arid islands 
D)  How the island species resembled those from continental South America 
E)  How the islands were inhabited at all since they were 600 miles from South America 
A)  How the island species were completely different 
B)  How the island species resembled those from nearby islands 
C)  How the island species resembled those on other arid islands 
D)  How the island species resembled those from continental South America 
E)  How the islands were inhabited at all since they were 600 miles from South America

Question 14

The genetic code demonstrates the universality of living things because it is common to virtually all:

Accepted Answer

A)  animals. 
B)  bacteria. 
C)  organisms. 
D)  autotrophs. 
E)  eukaryotes. 
A)  animals. 
B)  bacteria. 
C)  organisms. 
D)  autotrophs. 
E)  eukaryotes.

Question 15

Who is responsible for the first concept regarding the passing on traits or characteristics that were acquired during the lifetime of an organism to its offspring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Lyell 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Alfred Wallace 
D)  Thomas Malthus 
E)  Jean Baptiste de Lamarck 
A)  Charles Lyell 
B)  Charles Darwin 
C)  Alfred Wallace 
D)  Thomas Malthus 
E)  Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

Question 16

The genetic code is sometimes called "universal," meaning that all organisms share the same:

Accepted Answer

A)  genes. 
B)  coding mechanism. 
C)  ribosomal structure. 
D)  mitochondrial DNA. 
E)  nucleic acid composition. 
A)  genes. 
B)  coding mechanism. 
C)  ribosomal structure. 
D)  mitochondrial DNA. 
E)  nucleic acid composition.

Question 17

Evolution is genetic change in ____ that occurs over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  an individual 
B)  a population 
C)  a community 
D)  an ecosystem 
E)  the biosphere 
A)  an individual 
B)  a population 
C)  a community 
D)  an ecosystem 
E)  the biosphere

Question 18

What is the evolutionary relationship between a human arm and a cat's leg?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are vestigial structures. 
B)  They are divergent structures. 
C)  They are homozygous structures. 
D)  They are homologous structures. 
E)  They are homoplastic structures. 
A)  They are vestigial structures. 
B)  They are divergent structures. 
C)  They are homozygous structures. 
D)  They are homologous structures. 
E)  They are homoplastic structures.

Question 19

Medicine must respond with new drugs and vaccinations to the slow evolution of disease-causing organisms such as bacteria and viruses. 
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Identify and briefly explain the four premises of evolution by natural selection, as proposed by Charles Darwin.

Accepted Answer

1. Individuals of a population exhibit v

Exam 18: Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

What is a cladogram?

Who arranged organisms into a scale of nature and first stated that organisms changed toward the more complex and perfect?

Figure 18-11 What is the land mass labeled as 1 in the accompanying figure?

DNA sequencing data suggest that evolutionary changes are related to an accumulation of:

Where would you most likely find fossilized remains of humans and their immediate ancestors?

Which statement about radioisotopes is FALSE?

Which group of islands is where Charles Darwin observed variation among organisms and compared these organisms to those found on the mainland?

Figure 18-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 2 is homologous with the structure labeled as:

Overproduction, variation, limits on population growth, and differential reproductive success are all components of:

Which are evolutionary modifications that improve the survival and reproductive success of an organism?

Which provides the most direct evidence for evolution?

After eleven years, the descendants of transferred guppies in Venezuela and Trinidad were significantly larger than their ancestors, indicating that the larger size of guppies was a(n) adaptation to the new environment. __________________

What did Charles Darwin investigate while visiting the Galapagos Islands?

The genetic code demonstrates the universality of living things because it is common to virtually all:

Who is responsible for the first concept regarding the passing on traits or characteristics that were acquired during the lifetime of an organism to its offspring?

The genetic code is sometimes called "universal," meaning that all organisms share the same:

Evolution is genetic change in ____ that occurs over time.

What is the evolutionary relationship between a human arm and a cat's leg?

Medicine must respond with new drugs and vaccinations to the slow evolution of disease-causing organisms such as bacteria and viruses. __________________

Identify and briefly explain the four premises of evolution by natural selection, as proposed by Charles Darwin.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure Growth and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function an Introduction

Protection Support and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters