Question 1

Protease inhibitors:

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit the action of reverse transcriptase. 
B)  are glycoproteins found in saliva. 
C)  result in viral copies that cannot infect new cells. 
D)  can cure AIDS patients. 
E)  destroy helper T cells. 
A)  inhibit the action of reverse transcriptase. 
B)  are glycoproteins found in saliva. 
C)  result in viral copies that cannot infect new cells. 
D)  can cure AIDS patients. 
E)  destroy helper T cells.

Question 2

Which of the following does not result from the combination of antibodies and antigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivation of the pathogen 
B)  formation of cytotoxic T cells 
C)  stimulation of phagocytosis 
D)  inactivation of toxins 
E)  activation of the complement system 
A)  inactivation of the pathogen 
B)  formation of cytotoxic T cells 
C)  stimulation of phagocytosis 
D)  inactivation of toxins 
E)  activation of the complement system

Question 3

If you were unable to produce tears:

Accepted Answer

A)  you would be more vulnerable to infections by gram negative bacteria. 
B)  you would not produce lysozyme. 
C)  your level of defensins would be decreased. 
D)  you would lose a first line of defense against bacteria. 
E)  you would not produce lysozyme, and you would be more vulnerable to infections by gram-positive bacteria. 
A)  you would be more vulnerable to infections by gram negative bacteria. 
B)  you would not produce lysozyme. 
C)  your level of defensins would be decreased. 
D)  you would lose a first line of defense against bacteria. 
E)  you would not produce lysozyme, and you would be more vulnerable to infections by gram-positive bacteria.

Question 4

Which of the following behaviors is not associated with a high risk of HIV transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  unprotected sex (no condom used) 
B)  exposure to contaminated blood products 
C)  intravenous drug use 
D)  sharing bathroom facilities 
E)  a baby born to an HIV infected mother 
A)  unprotected sex (no condom used) 
B)  exposure to contaminated blood products 
C)  intravenous drug use 
D)  sharing bathroom facilities 
E)  a baby born to an HIV infected mother

Question 5

Cell walls and cytokines of bacteria are examples of the evolution of resistance to the host immune response.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

MATCHING
Match the immune cell with the description
a.Antigen presenting cells
d.CD4
b.Progenitor of all lymphocytes
e.Differentiates into plasma cell
c.CD8
-Dendritic cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the immune cell with the description
a.Antigen...

Question 7

A nursing baby:

Accepted Answer

A)  lacks cell mediated immunity. 
B)  lacks antibody mediated immunity. 
C)  lacks an adaptive immune response. 
D)  receives active immunity via the breast milk. 
E)  receives passive immunity via the breast milk. 
A)  lacks cell mediated immunity. 
B)  lacks antibody mediated immunity. 
C)  lacks an adaptive immune response. 
D)  receives active immunity via the breast milk. 
E)  receives passive immunity via the breast milk.

Question 8

Arrange the steps of an allergic reaction in the proper order. 1)
Allergic symptoms appear
2)
Allergin binds with IgE
3)
IgE combines with mast cell receptors
4)
Mast cell releases histamine
5)
Plasma cells sensitized

Accepted Answer

A)  5 $\rightarrow$3 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 1 
B)  1 $\rightarrow$5 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 3 
C)  5 $\rightarrow$2 $\rightarrow$4 $\rightarrow$3 $\rightarrow$ 1 
D)  1 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 3 
E)  4 $\rightarrow$5 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$3$\rightarrow$ 1 
A)  5 $\rightarrow$3 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 1 
B)  1 $\rightarrow$5 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 3 
C)  5 $\rightarrow$2 $\rightarrow$4 $\rightarrow$3 $\rightarrow$ 1 
D)  1 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 3 
E)  4 $\rightarrow$5 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$3$\rightarrow$ 1

Question 9

Cell-mediated immunity is directed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells, which secrete antibodies. 
B)  T cells, which secrete antibodies. 
C)  macrophages, which produce histamines. 
D)  B cells, which react with antigen-MHC complexes. 
E)  T cells, which react with antigen-MHC complexes. 
A)  B cells, which secrete antibodies. 
B)  T cells, which secrete antibodies. 
C)  macrophages, which produce histamines. 
D)  B cells, which react with antigen-MHC complexes. 
E)  T cells, which react with antigen-MHC complexes.

Question 10

Which of the following is a type of cytokine?

Accepted Answer

A)  complement protein 
B)  mast cell 
C)  immunoglobulin 
D)  lysozyme 
E)  tumor necrosis factor 
A)  complement protein 
B)  mast cell 
C)  immunoglobulin 
D)  lysozyme 
E)  tumor necrosis factor

Question 11

Natural killer cells destroy target cells by:

Accepted Answer

A)  releasing antibiotics, which break down the cell membranes. 
B)  releasing cytokines, perforins, and granzymes. 
C)  releasing histamine, which signals other blood cells to aggregate. 
D)  phagocytosis, after the cells are targeted by antibodies. 
E)  releasing lysosomal enzymes, which digest the target cells. 
A)  releasing antibiotics, which break down the cell membranes. 
B)  releasing cytokines, perforins, and granzymes. 
C)  releasing histamine, which signals other blood cells to aggregate. 
D)  phagocytosis, after the cells are targeted by antibodies. 
E)  releasing lysosomal enzymes, which digest the target cells.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about tissue transplants is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The source of graft rejection is T cell recognition of the MHC antigens on the transplanted cells. 
B)  If transplants demonstrate a perfect match for all Rh antigens, then there is a 95% success rate. 
C)  Successful transplants require a complete match of all MHC antigens. 
D)  Xenotransplantation avoids the fundamental transplant mechanism of graft rejection. 
E)  Skin can be successfully transplanted between siblings and other closely related family members. 
A)  The source of graft rejection is T cell recognition of the MHC antigens on the transplanted cells. 
B)  If transplants demonstrate a perfect match for all Rh antigens, then there is a 95% success rate. 
C)  Successful transplants require a complete match of all MHC antigens. 
D)  Xenotransplantation avoids the fundamental transplant mechanism of graft rejection. 
E)  Skin can be successfully transplanted between siblings and other closely related family members.

Question 13

Animal cells recognize common types of pathogen molecules and activate the production of antimicrobial peptides.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Fever help the body fight infection in all of the following ways except:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased body temperature increases phagocytosis. 
B)  Fever causes the breakdown of lysosomes, which destroys infected cells. 
C)  Fever inhibits the growth of some microorganisms. 
D)  Fever promotes lymphocyte activity. 
E)  Fever increases capillary permeability. 
A)  Increased body temperature increases phagocytosis. 
B)  Fever causes the breakdown of lysosomes, which destroys infected cells. 
C)  Fever inhibits the growth of some microorganisms. 
D)  Fever promotes lymphocyte activity. 
E)  Fever increases capillary permeability.

Question 15

Figure 45-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-An immunization against cow pox should protect an individual:

Accepted Answer

A)  by increasing the production of lymphocytes by the bone marrow. 
B)  through the production of diverse antibodies. 
C)  by initiating a secondary immune response. 
D)  against other antigens with the same antigenic determinants. 
E)  against other bacterial infections. 
A)  by increasing the production of lymphocytes by the bone marrow. 
B)  through the production of diverse antibodies. 
C)  by initiating a secondary immune response. 
D)  against other antigens with the same antigenic determinants. 
E)  against other bacterial infections.

Question 16

A key component that is always important in the proper functioning of the immune system is:

Accepted Answer

A)  direct cell to cell contact. 
B)  hormonal action. 
C)  communication between cells. 
D)  antibody action. 
E)  perforins. 
A)  direct cell to cell contact. 
B)  hormonal action. 
C)  communication between cells. 
D)  antibody action. 
E)  perforins.

Question 17

Arrange the steps of antibody-mediated immunity in the proper order. 1)
Plasma cells secrete antibodies
2)
TH cells interact with B cells displaying the same antigen-MHC complex
3)
Contact with antigen
4)
Clones of B cells produced
5)
Fragmentation of antigen

Accepted Answer

A)  3 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$2 $\rightarrow$ 1 $\rightarrow$ 5 
B)  3 $\rightarrow$5 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 1 
C)  4 $\rightarrow$3 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 1 $\rightarrow$ 5 
D)  1 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 
E)  5 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$1 
A)  3 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$2 $\rightarrow$ 1 $\rightarrow$ 5 
B)  3 $\rightarrow$5 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 1 
C)  4 $\rightarrow$3 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 1 $\rightarrow$ 5 
D)  1 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 
E)  5 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$1

Question 18

Cells that release chemical mediators in both inflammation and allergy are the __________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  mast 
B)  neutrophils 
C)  eosinophils 
D)  dendritic 
E)  lymphocytes 
A)  mast 
B)  neutrophils 
C)  eosinophils 
D)  dendritic 
E)  lymphocytes

Question 19

Which of the following is not a function of activated complement proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysis of pathogens 
B)  enhancing inflammation 
C)  coating pathogens to enhance phagocytosis 
D)  attraction of white blood cells to infection sites 
E)  decreasing capillary permeability to minimize edema 
A)  lysis of pathogens 
B)  enhancing inflammation 
C)  coating pathogens to enhance phagocytosis 
D)  attraction of white blood cells to infection sites 
E)  decreasing capillary permeability to minimize edema

Question 20

MATCHING
Match the immune cell with the description
a.Antigen presenting cells
d.CD4
b.Progenitor of all lymphocytes
e.Differentiates into plasma cell
c.CD8
-Bone marrow stem cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the immune cell with the description
a.Antigen...

Exam 45: The Immune System: Internal Defense

Protease inhibitors:

Which of the following does not result from the combination of antibodies and antigens?

If you were unable to produce tears:

Which of the following behaviors is not associated with a high risk of HIV transmission?

Cell walls and cytokines of bacteria are examples of the evolution of resistance to the host immune response. ____________________

MATCHING Match the immune cell with the description a.Antigen presenting cells d.CD4 b.Progenitor of all lymphocytes e.Differentiates into plasma cell c.CD8 -Dendritic cells

A nursing baby:

Arrange the steps of an allergic reaction in the proper order. 1) Allergic symptoms appear 2) Allergin binds with IgE 3) IgE combines with mast cell receptors 4) Mast cell releases histamine 5) Plasma cells sensitized

Cell-mediated immunity is directed by:

Which of the following is a type of cytokine?

Natural killer cells destroy target cells by:

Which of the following statements about tissue transplants is true?

Animal cells recognize common types of pathogen molecules and activate the production of antimicrobial peptides. ____________________

Fever help the body fight infection in all of the following ways except:

Figure 45-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -An immunization against cow pox should protect an individual:

A key component that is always important in the proper functioning of the immune system is:

Arrange the steps of antibody-mediated immunity in the proper order. 1) Plasma cells secrete antibodies 2) TH cells interact with B cells displaying the same antigen-MHC complex 3) Contact with antigen 4) Clones of B cells produced 5) Fragmentation of antigen

Cells that release chemical mediators in both inflammation and allergy are the __________ cells.

Which of the following is not a function of activated complement proteins?

MATCHING Match the immune cell with the description a.Antigen presenting cells d.CD4 b.Progenitor of all lymphocytes e.Differentiates into plasma cell c.CD8 -Bone marrow stem cells

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Arrange the steps of antibody-mediated immunity in the proper order. 1) Plasma cells secrete antibodies 2) T_H cells interact with B cells displaying the same antigen-MHC complex 3) Contact with antigen 4) Clones of B cells produced 5) Fragmentation of antigen