Question 1

Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste of animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  ammonia 
D)  water 
E)  sugars 
A)  amino acids 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  ammonia 
D)  water 
E)  sugars C

Question 2

Figure 48-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-The process represented at step A of Figure 48-1 is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  excretion. 
D)  deamination. 
E)  elimination. 
A)  filtration. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  excretion. 
D)  deamination. 
E)  elimination. D

Question 3

MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary system with its description.
a.Bowman's capsule
e.loop of Henle
b.collecting duct
f.proximal convoluted tubule
c.distal convoluted tubule
g.ureter
d.glomerulus
h.urethra
-Discuss why a doctor would prescribe an ACE inhibitor to a patient with a history of high blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: ACE is an enzyme in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway.This enzyme is produced in the pulmonary capillaries and converts angiotensin I into the active form angiotensin II.Stimulation of this pathway results in aldosterone release, which results in increased reabsorption of sodium.ADH is also produced, which causes water reabsorption and consequently an increase in blood pressure as water enters the circulation to maintain osmotic balance.An ACE inhibitor would block these effects and help to keep blood pressure at a lower value.

Question 4

The main point of entry of water into the blood of freshwater fishes is through:

Accepted Answer

A)  the skin. 
B)  the gills. 
C)  the mouth. 
D)  the anus. 
E)  the eyes. 
A)  the skin. 
B)  the gills. 
C)  the mouth. 
D)  the anus. 
E)  the eyes.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the Malpighian tubules is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water and some solutes are transported into the Malpighian tubules via active transport. 
B)  The Malpighian tubules empty into the gut of the insect. 
C)  Water, some salts, and other solutes are reabsorbed into the hemolymph in the rectum. 
D)  The excretory system of an insect may contain up to several hundred Malpighian tubules. 
E)  The blind ends of the Malpighian tubules are bathed in hemolymph. 
A)  Water and some solutes are transported into the Malpighian tubules via active transport. 
B)  The Malpighian tubules empty into the gut of the insect. 
C)  Water, some salts, and other solutes are reabsorbed into the hemolymph in the rectum. 
D)  The excretory system of an insect may contain up to several hundred Malpighian tubules. 
E)  The blind ends of the Malpighian tubules are bathed in hemolymph.

Question 6

ADH makes the walls of the collecting duct more permeable to water.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of filtration by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  About 25% of the plasma passing through the glomerulus becomes part of the glomerular filtrate. 
B)  Solutes dissolved in the plasma, such as glucose, amino acids, and various salts, become part of the filtrate. 
C)  The normal glomerular filtration rate adds up to about 80 L every 24 hours. 
D)  Approximately 75% of the filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood through the renal tubules. 
E)  The filtration membrane prevents the passage of cells, but allows large molecules to pass through. 
A)  About 25% of the plasma passing through the glomerulus becomes part of the glomerular filtrate. 
B)  Solutes dissolved in the plasma, such as glucose, amino acids, and various salts, become part of the filtrate. 
C)  The normal glomerular filtration rate adds up to about 80 L every 24 hours. 
D)  Approximately 75% of the filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood through the renal tubules. 
E)  The filtration membrane prevents the passage of cells, but allows large molecules to pass through.

Question 8

An animal adapted to life in a coastal environment where fresh water enters the ocean:

Accepted Answer

A)  would have excretory structures to remove excess salt. 
B)  would have excretory structures to remove excess water. 
C)  would drink large amounts of water. 
D)  would likely be an osmoregulator. 
E)  More than one of these. 
A)  would have excretory structures to remove excess salt. 
B)  would have excretory structures to remove excess water. 
C)  would drink large amounts of water. 
D)  would likely be an osmoregulator. 
E)  More than one of these.

Question 9

In humans, urea and uric acid are produced by the kidneys.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following would not be secreted across the tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonium ions 
B)  hydrogen ions 
C)  creatinine 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  penicillin 
A)  ammonium ions 
B)  hydrogen ions 
C)  creatinine 
D)  carbon dioxide 
E)  penicillin

Question 11

Describe the causes and effects of diabetes insipidus.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Diabetes insipidus

Question 12

Blood flows from the efferent arterioles directly into the peritubular capillaries.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which is the correct sequence of structures through which the filtrate would pass? 1)
Bowman's capsule
2)
Collecting duct
3)
Distal convoluted tubule
4)
Proximal convoluted tubule
5)
Ascending loop of Henle
6)
Descending loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A)  1 $\rightarrow$3 $\rightarrow$ 4$\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$6 $\rightarrow$ 2 
B)  1$\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$5 $\rightarrow$ 6 $\rightarrow$3 $\rightarrow$ 2 
C)  1 $\rightarrow$ 6 $\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$3 $\rightarrow$ 2 
D)  1 $\rightarrow$3 F$\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$2 $\rightarrow$6 $\rightarrow$ 5 
E)  1$\rightarrow$4 $\rightarrow$6 $\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 2 
A)  1 $\rightarrow$3 $\rightarrow$ 4$\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$6 $\rightarrow$ 2 
B)  1$\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$5 $\rightarrow$ 6 $\rightarrow$3 $\rightarrow$ 2 
C)  1 $\rightarrow$ 6 $\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$3 $\rightarrow$ 2 
D)  1 $\rightarrow$3 F$\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$2 $\rightarrow$6 $\rightarrow$ 5 
E)  1$\rightarrow$4 $\rightarrow$6 $\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 2

Question 14

The secretion of __________ is an important homeostatic mechanism involved in maintaining normal heart rhythm.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen ions 
B)  potassium 
C)  water 
D)  glucose 
E)  urea 
A)  hydrogen ions 
B)  potassium 
C)  water 
D)  glucose 
E)  urea

Question 15

MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary system with its description.
a.Bowman's capsule
e.loop of Henle
b.collecting duct
f.proximal convoluted tubule
c.distal convoluted tubule
g.ureter
d.glomerulus
h.urethra
-the main function of this structure is to set up a salt concentration gradient

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary...

Question 16

Urine flows from the ureters directly into the urethra.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

One of the direct products of deamination is urea.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The high-pressure flow of blood through the glomerular capillaries:

Accepted Answer

A)  allows little plasma to be filtered in the kidney. 
B)  is a result of the high hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries. 
C)  is due to the large diameter of the efferent arterioles of the glomerular capillaries. 
D)  is due to the small surface area for filtration provided by the glomerular capillaries. 
E)  is due to the low permeability of the glomerular capillaries. 
A)  allows little plasma to be filtered in the kidney. 
B)  is a result of the high hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries. 
C)  is due to the large diameter of the efferent arterioles of the glomerular capillaries. 
D)  is due to the small surface area for filtration provided by the glomerular capillaries. 
E)  is due to the low permeability of the glomerular capillaries.

Question 19

Freshwater fishes excrete most of their nitrogenous wastes through the kidneys.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What is the difference between cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Juxtamedullary nephrons are more numerous than cortical ones. 
B)  Cortical nephrons do not have loops of Henle, while juxtamedullary ones do. 
C)  Juxtamedullary nephrons have larger glomeruli than do cortical ones. 
D)  Juxtamedullary nephrons do not have loops of Henle, while cortical ones do. 
E)  Juxtamedullary nephrons have more glomeruli than do cortical ones. 
A)  Juxtamedullary nephrons are more numerous than cortical ones. 
B)  Cortical nephrons do not have loops of Henle, while juxtamedullary ones do. 
C)  Juxtamedullary nephrons have larger glomeruli than do cortical ones. 
D)  Juxtamedullary nephrons do not have loops of Henle, while cortical ones do. 
E)  Juxtamedullary nephrons have more glomeruli than do cortical ones.

Exam 48: Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste of animals?

Figure 48-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -The process represented at step A of Figure 48-1 is referred to as:

The main point of entry of water into the blood of freshwater fishes is through:

Which of the following statements about the Malpighian tubules is false?

ADH makes the walls of the collecting duct more permeable to water. ____________________

Which of the following statements is true of filtration by the kidneys?

An animal adapted to life in a coastal environment where fresh water enters the ocean:

In humans, urea and uric acid are produced by the kidneys. ____________________

Which of the following would not be secreted across the tubule?

Describe the causes and effects of diabetes insipidus.

Blood flows from the efferent arterioles directly into the peritubular capillaries. ____________________

Which is the correct sequence of structures through which the filtrate would pass? 1) Bowman's capsule 2) Collecting duct 3) Distal convoluted tubule 4) Proximal convoluted tubule 5) Ascending loop of Henle 6) Descending loop of Henle

The secretion of __________ is an important homeostatic mechanism involved in maintaining normal heart rhythm.

MATCHING Match the part of the human urinary system with its description. a.Bowman's capsule e.loop of Henle b.collecting duct f.proximal convoluted tubule c.distal convoluted tubule g.ureter d.glomerulus h.urethra -the main function of this structure is to set up a salt concentration gradient

Urine flows from the ureters directly into the urethra. ____________________

One of the direct products of deamination is urea. ____________________

The high-pressure flow of blood through the glomerular capillaries:

Freshwater fishes excrete most of their nitrogenous wastes through the kidneys. ____________________

What is the difference between cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons?

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Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

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The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

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Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

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Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

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