Question 1

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with the production of ammonia, urea, and uric acid.

Accepted Answer

Ammonia is the direct product of deamina

Question 2

Sharks excrete a small volume of dilute urine.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Metanephridial organs are common in:

Accepted Answer

A)  mollusks. 
B)  flatworms. 
C)  cnidarians. 
D)  sponges. 
E)  insects. 
A)  mollusks. 
B)  flatworms. 
C)  cnidarians. 
D)  sponges. 
E)  insects.

Question 4

Figure 48-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-Osmoconformers would most likely be found in:

Accepted Answer

A)  estuaries. 
B)  coastal zones that receive freshwater. 
C)  freshwater. 
D)  terrestrial habitats. 
E)  open ocean waters. 
A)  estuaries. 
B)  coastal zones that receive freshwater. 
C)  freshwater. 
D)  terrestrial habitats. 
E)  open ocean waters.

Question 5

The major function of the protonephridia in the flatworm is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  conserve water. 
B)  conserve salts. 
C)  eliminate waste materials such as ammonia and urea. 
D)  eliminate excess water. 
E)  regulate the pH of the gastrovascular cavity. 
A)  conserve water. 
B)  conserve salts. 
C)  eliminate waste materials such as ammonia and urea. 
D)  eliminate excess water. 
E)  regulate the pH of the gastrovascular cavity.

Question 6

Atrial natriuretic peptide has been found to:

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease sodium secretion and increase blood pressure. 
B)  constrict afferent arterioles, decreasing the glomerular filtration rate. 
C)  be produced by the adrenal cortex. 
D)  inhibit sodium reabsorption by the collecting ducts by inhibiting secretion of aldosterone. 
E)  increase the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus. 
A)  decrease sodium secretion and increase blood pressure. 
B)  constrict afferent arterioles, decreasing the glomerular filtration rate. 
C)  be produced by the adrenal cortex. 
D)  inhibit sodium reabsorption by the collecting ducts by inhibiting secretion of aldosterone. 
E)  increase the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Question 7

Insects have an excretory system consisting of Malphighian tubules.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary system with its description.
a.Bowman's capsule
e.loop of Henle
b.collecting duct
f.proximal convoluted tubule
c.distal convoluted tubule
g.ureter
d.glomerulus
h.urethra
-connects the kidney with the urinary bladder

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary...

Question 9

MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary system with its description.
a.Bowman's capsule
e.loop of Henle
b.collecting duct
f.proximal convoluted tubule
c.distal convoluted tubule
g.ureter
d.glomerulus
h.urethra
-most of the reabsorption occurs as the filtrate passes through this structure

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary...

Question 10

__________ directly deliver blood to the glomeruli.

Accepted Answer

A)  Afferent arterioles 
B)  Efferent arterioles 
C)  Peritubular capillaries 
D)  Renal arteries 
E)  Renal venules 
A)  Afferent arterioles 
B)  Efferent arterioles 
C)  Peritubular capillaries 
D)  Renal arteries 
E)  Renal venules

Question 11

Which of the following would not be a component of normal urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  urea 
C)  bile pigments 
D)  salts 
E)  glucose 
A)  water 
B)  urea 
C)  bile pigments 
D)  salts 
E)  glucose

Question 12

The main difference between protonephridia and metanephridia is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  protonephridia are involved in osmoregulation, while metanephridia are involved in excretion. 
B)  protonephridia consist of blind flame cells, while metanephridia consist of tubules open at both ends. 
C)  protonephridia are involved in excretion, while metanephridia are involved in osmoregulation. 
D)  protonephridia consist of tubules open at both ends, while metanephridia consist of blind flame cells. 
E)  protonephridia are found in annelids and metanephridia are found in flatworms. 
A)  protonephridia are involved in osmoregulation, while metanephridia are involved in excretion. 
B)  protonephridia consist of blind flame cells, while metanephridia consist of tubules open at both ends. 
C)  protonephridia are involved in excretion, while metanephridia are involved in osmoregulation. 
D)  protonephridia consist of tubules open at both ends, while metanephridia consist of blind flame cells. 
E)  protonephridia are found in annelids and metanephridia are found in flatworms.

Question 13

Which of the following relationships is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  insects: Malpighian tubules: urea as major nitrogenous waste 
B)  annelids: protonephridia: ammonia as major nitrogenous waste 
C)  freshwater fish: kidney: large volume of hypertonic urine 
D)  sharks: kidney: large volume of hypotonic urine 
E)  earthworm: kidney: ammonia as major nitrogenous waste 
A)  insects: Malpighian tubules: urea as major nitrogenous waste 
B)  annelids: protonephridia: ammonia as major nitrogenous waste 
C)  freshwater fish: kidney: large volume of hypertonic urine 
D)  sharks: kidney: large volume of hypotonic urine 
E)  earthworm: kidney: ammonia as major nitrogenous waste

Question 14

Figure 48-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-Refer to Figure 48-1.Which compound is the primary nitrogenous waste product of amphibians?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 15

MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary system with its description.
a.Bowman's capsule
e.loop of Henle
b.collecting duct
f.proximal convoluted tubule
c.distal convoluted tubule
g.ureter
d.glomerulus
h.urethra
-urine flows out of the body via this structure

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary...

Question 16

MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary system with its description.
a.Bowman's capsule
e.loop of Henle
b.collecting duct
f.proximal convoluted tubule
c.distal convoluted tubule
g.ureter
d.glomerulus
h.urethra
-ADH makes the walls of this structure permeable to water

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary...

Question 17

Briefly explain the role of Malpighian tubules in arthropods.

Accepted Answer

Malpighian tubules absorb uric acid, sal

Question 18

Most of the filtrate is reabsorbed through the walls of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  distal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  collecting duct. 
E)  glomerulus. 
A)  distal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  collecting duct. 
E)  glomerulus.

Question 19

The __________ is shorter in females than it is in males, which explains the greater likelihood of developing bladder infections in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ureter; females 
B)  ureter; males 
C)  renal papilla; females 
D)  urethra; males 
E)  urethra; females 
A)  ureter; females 
B)  ureter; males 
C)  renal papilla; females 
D)  urethra; males 
E)  urethra; females

Question 20

The main nitrogenous waste of adult amphibians is:

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia. 
B)  urea. 
C)  uric acid. 
D)  peptides. 
E)  purines. 
A)  ammonia. 
B)  urea. 
C)  uric acid. 
D)  peptides. 
E)  purines.

Exam 48: Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with the production of ammonia, urea, and uric acid.

Sharks excrete a small volume of dilute urine. ____________________

Metanephridial organs are common in:

Figure 48-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -Osmoconformers would most likely be found in:

The major function of the protonephridia in the flatworm is to:

Atrial natriuretic peptide has been found to:

Insects have an excretory system consisting of Malphighian tubules. ____________________

MATCHING Match the part of the human urinary system with its description. a.Bowman's capsule e.loop of Henle b.collecting duct f.proximal convoluted tubule c.distal convoluted tubule g.ureter d.glomerulus h.urethra -connects the kidney with the urinary bladder

MATCHING Match the part of the human urinary system with its description. a.Bowman's capsule e.loop of Henle b.collecting duct f.proximal convoluted tubule c.distal convoluted tubule g.ureter d.glomerulus h.urethra -most of the reabsorption occurs as the filtrate passes through this structure

__________ directly deliver blood to the glomeruli.

Which of the following would not be a component of normal urine?

The main difference between protonephridia and metanephridia is that:

Which of the following relationships is correct?

Figure 48-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -Refer to Figure 48-1.Which compound is the primary nitrogenous waste product of amphibians?

MATCHING Match the part of the human urinary system with its description. a.Bowman's capsule e.loop of Henle b.collecting duct f.proximal convoluted tubule c.distal convoluted tubule g.ureter d.glomerulus h.urethra -urine flows out of the body via this structure

MATCHING Match the part of the human urinary system with its description. a.Bowman's capsule e.loop of Henle b.collecting duct f.proximal convoluted tubule c.distal convoluted tubule g.ureter d.glomerulus h.urethra -ADH makes the walls of this structure permeable to water

Briefly explain the role of Malpighian tubules in arthropods.

Most of the filtrate is reabsorbed through the walls of the:

The __________ is shorter in females than it is in males, which explains the greater likelihood of developing bladder infections in __________.

The main nitrogenous waste of adult amphibians is:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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