Question 1

Which of the following is not an advantage of uric acid excretion in terrestrial animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Uric acid can be excreted as a paste, thereby conserving water. 
B)  Uric acid is not toxic and can be safely stored. 
C)  Uric acid can be stored in the eggs of animals without harm to the embryos. 
D)  Uric acid is soluble in water and can be easily excreted. 
E)  Uric acid can be excreted along with feces in some animals. 
A)  Uric acid can be excreted as a paste, thereby conserving water. 
B)  Uric acid is not toxic and can be safely stored. 
C)  Uric acid can be stored in the eggs of animals without harm to the embryos. 
D)  Uric acid is soluble in water and can be easily excreted. 
E)  Uric acid can be excreted along with feces in some animals.

Question 2

Glomerular capillary walls and podocytes form a __________ that allows fluid and small solutes in plasma to pass through and become part of the filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular filtrate 
B)  tubular transport 
C)  renal threshold 
D)  filtration membrane 
E)  filtration slits 
A)  glomerular filtrate 
B)  tubular transport 
C)  renal threshold 
D)  filtration membrane 
E)  filtration slits

Question 3

Diabetes insipidus results from an insufficient production of:

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  angiotensin II. 
D)  ANP. 
E)  renin. 
A)  ADH. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  angiotensin II. 
D)  ANP. 
E)  renin.

Question 4

Compare and contrast the osmoregulatory challenges and solutions used by sharks and freshwater fishes.

Accepted Answer

Freshwater fishes live in a hypotonic en

Question 5

Figure 48-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-Which of the structures in Figure 48-1 represents the nitrogenous waste urea?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 6

Deamination is a process that removes:

Accepted Answer

A)  the amino group from amino acids. 
B)  the amino group from nucleic acids. 
C)  amines from the bloodstream. 
D)  amines from nucleic acids. 
E)  ammonia from blood. 
A)  the amino group from amino acids. 
B)  the amino group from nucleic acids. 
C)  amines from the bloodstream. 
D)  amines from nucleic acids. 
E)  ammonia from blood.

Question 7

The nephridial organs of flatworms are called metanephridia.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The outermost region of the kidney is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  adventitia. 
B)  mucosa. 
C)  pelvis. 
D)  cortex. 
E)  medulla. 
A)  adventitia. 
B)  mucosa. 
C)  pelvis. 
D)  cortex. 
E)  medulla.

Question 9

How is a fall in blood pressure counteracted by the secretion of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: A fall in blood pr

Question 10

Figure 48-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-For a marine fish, the output from the kidney in Figure 48-2 would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  a small volume of hypotonic urine. 
B)  a large volume of hypotonic urine. 
C)  a small volume of hypertonic urine. 
D)  a large volume of hypertonic urine. 
E)  a small volume of isotonic urine. 
A)  a small volume of hypotonic urine. 
B)  a large volume of hypotonic urine. 
C)  a small volume of hypertonic urine. 
D)  a large volume of hypertonic urine. 
E)  a small volume of isotonic urine.

Question 11

The renal medulla is the inner portion of the kidney.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Excretory systems maintain homeostasis through all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  adjusting the concentrations of various substances in body fluids. 
B)  removing excess water from the body. 
C)  adjusting body temperature. 
D)  ridding the body of harmful substances. 
E)  removing metabolic wastes from the body. 
A)  adjusting the concentrations of various substances in body fluids. 
B)  removing excess water from the body. 
C)  adjusting body temperature. 
D)  ridding the body of harmful substances. 
E)  removing metabolic wastes from the body.

Question 13

Figure 48-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-For a freshwater fish, the output from the kidney in Figure 48-2 would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  a small volume of hypotonic urine. 
B)  a large volume of hypotonic urine. 
C)  a small volume of hypertonic urine. 
D)  a large volume of hypertonic urine. 
E)  a small volume of isotonic urine. 
A)  a small volume of hypotonic urine. 
B)  a large volume of hypotonic urine. 
C)  a small volume of hypertonic urine. 
D)  a large volume of hypertonic urine. 
E)  a small volume of isotonic urine.

Question 14

Compare and contrast osmoregulation of freshwater fish vs.marine fish.

Accepted Answer

Freshwater fishes live in a hypotonic en

Question 15

Low blood pressure would result in all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  a reduction in glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 
B)  a reduction in filtrate formation. 
C)  a reduction in urine formation. 
D)  a reduction in the number of filtration slits. 
E)  a stimulation of the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway. 
A)  a reduction in glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 
B)  a reduction in filtrate formation. 
C)  a reduction in urine formation. 
D)  a reduction in the number of filtration slits. 
E)  a stimulation of the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway.

Question 16

What is the significance of having specialized epithelium and smooth muscle in the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  It helps reabsorb water. 
B)  It helps reabsorb salts. 
C)  It permits the diffusion of gases. 
D)  It is capable of shrinkage and stretching. 
E)  It protects the bladder from nitrogenous wastes. 
A)  It helps reabsorb water. 
B)  It helps reabsorb salts. 
C)  It permits the diffusion of gases. 
D)  It is capable of shrinkage and stretching. 
E)  It protects the bladder from nitrogenous wastes.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the loop of Henle is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The walls of the descending loop are relatively impermeable to water. 
B)  The walls of the descending loop are relatively permeable to sodium. 
C)  The walls of the ascending loop are relatively permeable to water. 
D)  The walls of the ascending loop are relatively permeable to sodium. 
E)  The loop of Henle is specialized to produce a low concentration of sodium chloride in the medulla. 
A)  The walls of the descending loop are relatively impermeable to water. 
B)  The walls of the descending loop are relatively permeable to sodium. 
C)  The walls of the ascending loop are relatively permeable to water. 
D)  The walls of the ascending loop are relatively permeable to sodium. 
E)  The loop of Henle is specialized to produce a low concentration of sodium chloride in the medulla.

Question 18

The renal medulla contains the:

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pyramids. 
B)  Bowman's capsules. 
C)  distal convoluted tubules. 
D)  glomeruli. 
E)  proximal convoluted tubules. 
A)  renal pyramids. 
B)  Bowman's capsules. 
C)  distal convoluted tubules. 
D)  glomeruli. 
E)  proximal convoluted tubules.

Question 19

Simple epithelial cells of the renal tubule have abundant __________ to increase the surface area for reabsorption and numerous __________ to provide energy for actively transporting materials.

Accepted Answer

A)  microvilli; mitochondria 
B)  cilia; mitochondria 
C)  microvilli; Golgi complexes 
D)  cilia; Golgi complexes 
E)  cilia; capillaries 
A)  microvilli; mitochondria 
B)  cilia; mitochondria 
C)  microvilli; Golgi complexes 
D)  cilia; Golgi complexes 
E)  cilia; capillaries

Question 20

The ureters connect:

Accepted Answer

A)  the bladder to the body exterior. 
B)  the kidney to the bladder. 
C)  the bladder to the urethra. 
D)  the kidney to the body exterior. 
E)  the kidney to the urethra. 
A)  the bladder to the body exterior. 
B)  the kidney to the bladder. 
C)  the bladder to the urethra. 
D)  the kidney to the body exterior. 
E)  the kidney to the urethra.

Exam 48: Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Which of the following is not an advantage of uric acid excretion in terrestrial animals?

Glomerular capillary walls and podocytes form a __________ that allows fluid and small solutes in plasma to pass through and become part of the filtrate.

Diabetes insipidus results from an insufficient production of:

Compare and contrast the osmoregulatory challenges and solutions used by sharks and freshwater fishes.

Figure 48-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -Which of the structures in Figure 48-1 represents the nitrogenous waste urea?

Deamination is a process that removes:

The nephridial organs of flatworms are called metanephridia. ____________________

The outermost region of the kidney is called the:

How is a fall in blood pressure counteracted by the secretion of aldosterone?

Figure 48-2 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -For a marine fish, the output from the kidney in Figure 48-2 would be:

The renal medulla is the inner portion of the kidney. ____________________

Excretory systems maintain homeostasis through all of the following except:

Figure 48-2 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -For a freshwater fish, the output from the kidney in Figure 48-2 would be:

Compare and contrast osmoregulation of freshwater fish vs.marine fish.

Low blood pressure would result in all of the following except:

What is the significance of having specialized epithelium and smooth muscle in the urinary bladder?

Which of the following statements about the loop of Henle is true?

The renal medulla contains the:

Simple epithelial cells of the renal tubule have abundant __________ to increase the surface area for reabsorption and numerous __________ to provide energy for actively transporting materials.

The ureters connect:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Simple epithelial cells of the renal tubule have abundant to increase the surface area for reabsorption and numerous to provide energy for actively transporting materials.