Question 1

Podocytes are located in the wall of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule. 
B)  the glomerulus. 
C)  the peritubular capillaries. 
D)  the renal artery. 
E)  the proximal convoluted tubule. 
A)  Bowman's capsule. 
B)  the glomerulus. 
C)  the peritubular capillaries. 
D)  the renal artery. 
E)  the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 2

Figure 48-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-Marine cartilaginous fishes overcome water loss to their environments by:

Accepted Answer

A)  having specialized chloride cells in their gills that prevent water loss. 
B)  having specialized chloride cells in their gills that continuously excrete salts. 
C)  storing urea in their body fluids, which causes them to be hypertonic to seawater. 
D)  producing very small quantities of urine. 
E)  drinking large quantities of freshwater. 
A)  having specialized chloride cells in their gills that prevent water loss. 
B)  having specialized chloride cells in their gills that continuously excrete salts. 
C)  storing urea in their body fluids, which causes them to be hypertonic to seawater. 
D)  producing very small quantities of urine. 
E)  drinking large quantities of freshwater.

Question 3

The efferent arterioles transport blood directly into the:

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent arterioles. 
B)  Bowman's capsule. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  peritubular capillaries. 
E)  renal artery. 
A)  afferent arterioles. 
B)  Bowman's capsule. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  peritubular capillaries. 
E)  renal artery.

Question 4

In which of the following is there a counterflow of filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  distal convoluted tubule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  collecting duct 
E)  glomerulus 
A)  distal convoluted tubule 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  collecting duct 
E)  glomerulus

Question 5

Filtration slits are located between adjacent podocytes.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In contrast to the excretory system of annelids, the excretory system of insects:

Accepted Answer

A)  has many openings on the body wall. 
B)  contains flame cells. 
C)  is not connected to the gut. 
D)  excretes uric acid from the rectum. 
E)  relies on diffusion across the body wall. 
A)  has many openings on the body wall. 
B)  contains flame cells. 
C)  is not connected to the gut. 
D)  excretes uric acid from the rectum. 
E)  relies on diffusion across the body wall.

Question 7

The walls of the descending limb of the loop of Henle are relatively permeable to sodium.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary system with its description.
a.Bowman's capsule
e.loop of Henle
b.collecting duct
f.proximal convoluted tubule
c.distal convoluted tubule
g.ureter
d.glomerulus
h.urethra
-a mass of capillaries

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary...

Question 9

Most reabsorption occurs in the distal convoluted tubule.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary system with its description.
a.Bowman's capsule
e.loop of Henle
b.collecting duct
f.proximal convoluted tubule
c.distal convoluted tubule
g.ureter
d.glomerulus
h.urethra
-aldosterone makes the walls of this structure as well as the walls of the collecting duct permeable to sodium

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary...

Question 11

Which of the following does not contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  sweat glands 
B)  the digestive system 
C)  lungs 
D)  specialized gill cells 
E)  the kidneys 
A)  sweat glands 
B)  the digestive system 
C)  lungs 
D)  specialized gill cells 
E)  the kidneys

Question 12

Which portion of the renal tubule empties directly into the collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  distal convoluted tubule 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  descending loop of Henle 
E)  ascending loop of Henle 
A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  distal convoluted tubule 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  descending loop of Henle 
E)  ascending loop of Henle

Question 13

How do terrestrial animals prevent toxic accumulation of ammonia in their tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  They use ammonia in other metabolic processes. 
B)  They convert ammonia to less toxic forms. 
C)  They vent ammonia across the body wall. 
D)  They eliminate ammonia rather than excreting it. 
E)  Animals do not produce ammonia. 
A)  They use ammonia in other metabolic processes. 
B)  They convert ammonia to less toxic forms. 
C)  They vent ammonia across the body wall. 
D)  They eliminate ammonia rather than excreting it. 
E)  Animals do not produce ammonia.

Question 14

Trace the flow of urine through the following structures. 1)
Bladder
2)
Renal papilla
3)
Ureter
4)
Renal pelvis
5)
Urethra

Accepted Answer

A)  4$\rightarrow$ 2$\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$ 1 $\rightarrow$3 
B)  1 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$5 
C)  2$\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 1 $\rightarrow$5 
D)  2 $\rightarrow$ 1 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$3 $\rightarrow$5 
E)  4 $\rightarrow$1 $\rightarrow$2 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 5 
A)  4$\rightarrow$ 2$\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$ 1 $\rightarrow$3 
B)  1 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$5 
C)  2$\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 1 $\rightarrow$5 
D)  2 $\rightarrow$ 1 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$3 $\rightarrow$5 
E)  4 $\rightarrow$1 $\rightarrow$2 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 5

Question 15

MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary system with its description.
a.Bowman's capsule
e.loop of Henle
b.collecting duct
f.proximal convoluted tubule
c.distal convoluted tubule
g.ureter
d.glomerulus
h.urethra
-contains podocytes

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the part of the human urinary...

Question 16

Which of the following would increase the production of highly diluted urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased secretion of aldosterone 
B)  increased salt in the diet 
C)  decreased blood pressure 
D)  increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone 
E)  increased sweat production 
A)  decreased secretion of aldosterone 
B)  increased salt in the diet 
C)  decreased blood pressure 
D)  increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone 
E)  increased sweat production

Question 17

What are the vasa recta?

Accepted Answer

A)  looped extensions of the afferent arterioles 
B)  looped extensions of the efferent arterioles 
C)  regions of the renal tubule 
D)  vessels that supply blood to the glomerulus 
E)  vessels that supply blood to the proximal convoluted tubule 
A)  looped extensions of the afferent arterioles 
B)  looped extensions of the efferent arterioles 
C)  regions of the renal tubule 
D)  vessels that supply blood to the glomerulus 
E)  vessels that supply blood to the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 18

One disadvantage in excreting urea rather than uric acid is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  urea is more toxic than uric acid. 
B)  urea is less toxic than uric acid. 
C)  urea is excreted by respiratory structures. 
D)  urea requires more water for excretion. 
E)  urea is produced from ammonia, not nucleic acids. 
A)  urea is more toxic than uric acid. 
B)  urea is less toxic than uric acid. 
C)  urea is excreted by respiratory structures. 
D)  urea requires more water for excretion. 
E)  urea is produced from ammonia, not nucleic acids.

Question 19

Aldosterone is responsible for increasing the reabsorption of sodium.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Birds store most of their waste nitrogen as uric acid.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 48: Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Podocytes are located in the wall of:

Figure 48-2 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -Marine cartilaginous fishes overcome water loss to their environments by:

The efferent arterioles transport blood directly into the:

In which of the following is there a counterflow of filtrate?

Filtration slits are located between adjacent podocytes. ____________________

In contrast to the excretory system of annelids, the excretory system of insects:

The walls of the descending limb of the loop of Henle are relatively permeable to sodium. ____________________

MATCHING Match the part of the human urinary system with its description. a.Bowman's capsule e.loop of Henle b.collecting duct f.proximal convoluted tubule c.distal convoluted tubule g.ureter d.glomerulus h.urethra -a mass of capillaries

Most reabsorption occurs in the distal convoluted tubule. ____________________

Which of the following does not contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in mammals?

Which portion of the renal tubule empties directly into the collecting duct?

How do terrestrial animals prevent toxic accumulation of ammonia in their tissues?

Trace the flow of urine through the following structures. 1) Bladder 2) Renal papilla 3) Ureter 4) Renal pelvis 5) Urethra

MATCHING Match the part of the human urinary system with its description. a.Bowman's capsule e.loop of Henle b.collecting duct f.proximal convoluted tubule c.distal convoluted tubule g.ureter d.glomerulus h.urethra -contains podocytes

Which of the following would increase the production of highly diluted urine?

What are the vasa recta?

One disadvantage in excreting urea rather than uric acid is that:

Aldosterone is responsible for increasing the reabsorption of sodium. ____________________

Birds store most of their waste nitrogen as uric acid. ____________________

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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