Question 1

What is genetic counseling? Briefly explain the role of a genetic counselor.

Accepted Answer

Genetic counseling helps couples understand the genetic risk of disease in themselves and their progeny.The role of the genetic counselor is to help couples understand and deal with genetic information.

Question 2

Nearly half of the pregnancies that end in miscarriage have:

Accepted Answer

A)  trisomy of chromosome 21. 
B)  homozygosity for a recessive lethal allele. 
C)  major chromosomal abnormalities. 
D)  Klinefelter syndrome. 
E)  Down syndrome. 
A)  trisomy of chromosome 21. 
B)  homozygosity for a recessive lethal allele. 
C)  major chromosomal abnormalities. 
D)  Klinefelter syndrome. 
E)  Down syndrome. C

Question 3

Which of the following are inborn errors of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  PKU and alkaptonuria 
B)  sickle cell anemia and hemophilia 
C)  cystic fibrosis and Tay-Sachs disease 
D)  Huntington's disease and fragile X syndrome 
E)  cri-du-chat syndrome and Down syndrome 
A)  PKU and alkaptonuria 
B)  sickle cell anemia and hemophilia 
C)  cystic fibrosis and Tay-Sachs disease 
D)  Huntington's disease and fragile X syndrome 
E)  cri-du-chat syndrome and Down syndrome A

Question 4

Tay-Sachs disease is a(n) __________ disease that results in blindness, mental retardation, and death due to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sex-linked; the absence of one of the sex chromosomes 
B)  autosomal recessive; accumulation of lipids in brain cells 
C)  X-linked; accumulation of lipase in cells of sweat glands 
D)  autosomal; the inability to break down amylase in the intestines 
E)  autosomal dominant; accumulation of mucus in the lungs 
A)  sex-linked; the absence of one of the sex chromosomes 
B)  autosomal recessive; accumulation of lipids in brain cells 
C)  X-linked; accumulation of lipase in cells of sweat glands 
D)  autosomal; the inability to break down amylase in the intestines 
E)  autosomal dominant; accumulation of mucus in the lungs

Question 5

What factor allows the dominant mutant allele for Huntington's disease to persist in human populations despite its devastating effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heterozygote advantage. 
B)  The fact that its symptoms do not typically show until after the individual has had children. 
C)  Its effects are not expressed in heterozygous individuals. 
D)  Its effects are only expressed in homozygous recessive individuals. 
E)  Its effects are only expressed in homozygous dominant individuals. 
A)  Heterozygote advantage. 
B)  The fact that its symptoms do not typically show until after the individual has had children. 
C)  Its effects are not expressed in heterozygous individuals. 
D)  Its effects are only expressed in homozygous recessive individuals. 
E)  Its effects are only expressed in homozygous dominant individuals.

Question 6

The selective advantage linked to the high frequency of the cystic fibrosis allele in Caucasians is:

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased resistance to falciparum malaria. 
B)  the prevention of excessive water loss associated with certain types of diarrhea. 
C)  production of an enzyme to break down cholera toxin. 
D)  increased mucous secretions for the removal of infectious cells. 
E)  an increased probability of Salmonella infection. 
A)  an increased resistance to falciparum malaria. 
B)  the prevention of excessive water loss associated with certain types of diarrhea. 
C)  production of an enzyme to break down cholera toxin. 
D)  increased mucous secretions for the removal of infectious cells. 
E)  an increased probability of Salmonella infection.

Question 7

Genetic screening can be used to identify all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  PKU. 
B)  Tay-Sachs disease. 
C)  Huntington's disease. 
D)  sickle cell anemia. 
E)  serotonin deficiency 
A)  PKU. 
B)  Tay-Sachs disease. 
C)  Huntington's disease. 
D)  sickle cell anemia. 
E)  serotonin deficiency

Question 8

Polyploidy is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of more than two of a certain chromosome. 
B)  more than two of a certain chromosome. 
C)  more than one chromosome. 
D)  the presence of multiple sets of chromosomes. 
E)  the general term for conditions such as Down or Turner syndrome. 
A)  the presence of more than two of a certain chromosome. 
B)  more than two of a certain chromosome. 
C)  more than one chromosome. 
D)  the presence of multiple sets of chromosomes. 
E)  the general term for conditions such as Down or Turner syndrome.

Question 9

Which of the following abnormalities is most likely to be lethal to a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  X chromosome monosomy 
B)  Y chromosome disomy 
C)  X chromosome trisomy 
D)  autosomal trisomy 
E)  autosomal monosomy 
A)  X chromosome monosomy 
B)  Y chromosome disomy 
C)  X chromosome trisomy 
D)  autosomal trisomy 
E)  autosomal monosomy

Question 10

Huntington's disease is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  a rare recessive allele. 
B)  a repeat of a nucleotide triplet in a gene. 
C)  a monosomic condition. 
D)  a dominant X-linked allele. 
E)  a deletion of part of chromosome 4. 
A)  a rare recessive allele. 
B)  a repeat of a nucleotide triplet in a gene. 
C)  a monosomic condition. 
D)  a dominant X-linked allele. 
E)  a deletion of part of chromosome 4.

Question 11

Figure 16-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-In genomic imprinting:

Accepted Answer

A)  a gene is imprinted with the phenotype of the parent, passing it to a progeny. 
B)  the expression of a gene depends on the parental phenotype. 
C)  a gene is imprinted with the age of the parent, passing it to the progeny. 
D)  the expression of a gene depends on which parent it is inherited from. 
E)  is a place where a part of a chromatid is attached to a chromosome 
A)  a gene is imprinted with the phenotype of the parent, passing it to a progeny. 
B)  the expression of a gene depends on the parental phenotype. 
C)  a gene is imprinted with the age of the parent, passing it to the progeny. 
D)  the expression of a gene depends on which parent it is inherited from. 
E)  is a place where a part of a chromatid is attached to a chromosome

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the abnormal mucous production associated with cystic fibrosis is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mucus blocks the action of the cilia that line the bronchi. 
B)  The mucus promotes the growth of dangerous bacteria in the respiratory system. 
C)  The mucus is in the respiratory system is abnormally viscous. 
D)  Abnormal mucous secretions occur throughout the body systems. 
E)  Abnormal mucous secretions inhibit infections by bacteria. 
A)  The mucus blocks the action of the cilia that line the bronchi. 
B)  The mucus promotes the growth of dangerous bacteria in the respiratory system. 
C)  The mucus is in the respiratory system is abnormally viscous. 
D)  Abnormal mucous secretions occur throughout the body systems. 
E)  Abnormal mucous secretions inhibit infections by bacteria.

Question 13

Studying pedigrees enables human geneticists to predict how traits that are determined by phenotype are inherited.
_________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Autosomal monosomy is not seen in live births because:

Accepted Answer

A)  its effects are so small as to be overlooked. 
B)  its effects do not set in until adulthood. 
C)  its effects are so lethal as to cause spontaneous abortion early in pregnancy. 
D)  it only occurs in sex chromosomes and therefore does affect nonreproductive function. 
E)  they lead to the establishment of a clone of abnormal cells 
A)  its effects are so small as to be overlooked. 
B)  its effects do not set in until adulthood. 
C)  its effects are so lethal as to cause spontaneous abortion early in pregnancy. 
D)  it only occurs in sex chromosomes and therefore does affect nonreproductive function. 
E)  they lead to the establishment of a clone of abnormal cells

Question 15

MATCHING
Match the genetic disease with the molecular defect
a.Phenylketonuria
d.Tays Sach Disease
b.Sickle cell anemia
e.Hemophilia A
c.Cystic fibrosis
-defect in the protein that regulates chloride transport across cell membranes

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the genetic disease with the molecular...

Question 16

Which of the following must be true for a female to inherit hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her father has the disease. 
B)  Her mother is homozygous normal. 
C)  Her father and mother are heterozygous. 
D)  Her mother has the disease. 
E)  Her father is heterozygous. 
A)  Her father has the disease. 
B)  Her mother is homozygous normal. 
C)  Her father and mother are heterozygous. 
D)  Her mother has the disease. 
E)  Her father is heterozygous.

Question 17

Nondisjunction of the XY pair during the first meiotic division can produce sperm with 2 X chromosomes and 2 Y chromosomes.
_________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Persons having an XXY karyotype are nearly normal males but produce few or no sperm.They have __________ syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A)  Turner 
B)  Klinefelter 
C)  Down (trisomy form) 
D)  Phenylketonuria 
E)  Down (translocation form) 
A)  Turner 
B)  Klinefelter 
C)  Down (trisomy form) 
D)  Phenylketonuria 
E)  Down (translocation form)

Question 19

The sperm in the figure below were most likely produced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  nondisjunction. 
B)  mutation. 
C)  X-linkage. 
D)  translocation. 
E)  normal meiosis. 
A)  nondisjunction. 
B)  mutation. 
C)  X-linkage. 
D)  translocation. 
E)  normal meiosis.

Question 20

In trisomy 21 no genetic information is missing from these individuals, but an abnormal copy of this chromosome creates a genetic imbalance which causes abnormal physical and mental development.
_________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Human Genetics and the Human Genome

What is genetic counseling? Briefly explain the role of a genetic counselor.

Nearly half of the pregnancies that end in miscarriage have:

Which of the following are inborn errors of metabolism?

Tay-Sachs disease is a(n) __________ disease that results in blindness, mental retardation, and death due to __________.

What factor allows the dominant mutant allele for Huntington's disease to persist in human populations despite its devastating effects?

The selective advantage linked to the high frequency of the cystic fibrosis allele in Caucasians is:

Genetic screening can be used to identify all of the following except:

Polyploidy is:

Which of the following abnormalities is most likely to be lethal to a cell?

Huntington's disease is caused by:

Figure 16-2 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -In genomic imprinting:

Which of the following statements about the abnormal mucous production associated with cystic fibrosis is NOT correct?

Studying pedigrees enables human geneticists to predict how traits that are determined by phenotype are inherited. _________________

Autosomal monosomy is not seen in live births because:

MATCHING Match the genetic disease with the molecular defect a.Phenylketonuria d.Tays Sach Disease b.Sickle cell anemia e.Hemophilia A c.Cystic fibrosis -defect in the protein that regulates chloride transport across cell membranes

Which of the following must be true for a female to inherit hemophilia?

Nondisjunction of the XY pair during the first meiotic division can produce sperm with 2 X chromosomes and 2 Y chromosomes. _________________

Persons having an XXY karyotype are nearly normal males but produce few or no sperm.They have __________ syndrome.

The sperm in the figure below were most likely produced by:

In trisomy 21 no genetic information is missing from these individuals, but an abnormal copy of this chromosome creates a genetic imbalance which causes abnormal physical and mental development. _________________

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Tay-Sachs disease is a(n) disease that results in blindness, mental retardation, and death due to .