Question 1

Polyploidy:

Accepted Answer

A)  may be the result of more than one sperm fertilizing an egg. 
B)  is not lethal in humans. 
C)  may be the result of the failure of a chromosome to separate during meiosis. 
D)  can be due to nondisjunction for a chromosome. 
E)  is the mechanism of dosage compensation 
A)  may be the result of more than one sperm fertilizing an egg. 
B)  is not lethal in humans. 
C)  may be the result of the failure of a chromosome to separate during meiosis. 
D)  can be due to nondisjunction for a chromosome. 
E)  is the mechanism of dosage compensation

Question 2

Karyotyping is useful for determining:

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of chromosomes in an individual. 
B)  if recessive traits are present. 
C)  if a specific gene is missing from a chromosome. 
D)  if gene mutations have occurred. 
E)  the presence of sickle cell anemia. 
A)  the number of chromosomes in an individual. 
B)  if recessive traits are present. 
C)  if a specific gene is missing from a chromosome. 
D)  if gene mutations have occurred. 
E)  the presence of sickle cell anemia.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about fragile X syndrome is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  It results in learning and attention disabilities in males. 
B)  It results in hyperactivity in males. 
C)  The location of the fragile X site is exactly the same in all of an individual's cells. 
D)  It results in the formation of shorter-than-normal sequences of CGG. 
E)  Females are usually heterozygous and are therefore more likely to have a normal phenotype. 
A)  It results in learning and attention disabilities in males. 
B)  It results in hyperactivity in males. 
C)  The location of the fragile X site is exactly the same in all of an individual's cells. 
D)  It results in the formation of shorter-than-normal sequences of CGG. 
E)  Females are usually heterozygous and are therefore more likely to have a normal phenotype.

Question 4

The human genome contains about __________ genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  25,000 
B)  45,000 
C)  60,000 
D)  80,000 
E)  120,000 
A)  25,000 
B)  45,000 
C)  60,000 
D)  80,000 
E)  120,000

Question 5

About what percentage of the human DNA codes for polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

A)  2% 
B)  5% 
C)  8% 
D)  50% 
E)  86% 
A)  2% 
B)  5% 
C)  8% 
D)  50% 
E)  86%

Question 6

Describe how amniocentesis is used in the prenatal diagnosis of human genetic abnormalities.Then compare and contrast the benefits and risks associated with amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Amniocentesis invo

Question 7

Autosomal aneuploidies arise by:

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosome breakage and rejoining. 
B)  nondisjunction. 
C)  errors in crossing-over. 
D)  mistakes in chromosome replication. 
E)  mutations. 
A)  chromosome breakage and rejoining. 
B)  nondisjunction. 
C)  errors in crossing-over. 
D)  mistakes in chromosome replication. 
E)  mutations.

Question 8

Gene targeting has been used in mice to produce strains that were either homozygous or heterozygous for __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  PKU 
B)  cystic fibrosis 
C)  Huntington's disease 
D)  sickle cell anemia 
E)  Tays Sachs Disease 
A)  PKU 
B)  cystic fibrosis 
C)  Huntington's disease 
D)  sickle cell anemia 
E)  Tays Sachs Disease

Question 9

Down syndrome is an example of a __________ condition.

Accepted Answer

A)  monosomic 
B)  disomic 
C)  trisomic 
D)  polyploid 
E)  transgenic 
A)  monosomic 
B)  disomic 
C)  trisomic 
D)  polyploid 
E)  transgenic

Question 10

Aneuploidies for the sex chromosomes are more viable because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they carry less information than most chromosomes. 
B)  of a lack crossing-over between the X and the Y. 
C)  they are smaller than most chromosomes. 
D)  their information is carried on other chromosomes. 
E)  of dosage compensation. 
A)  they carry less information than most chromosomes. 
B)  of a lack crossing-over between the X and the Y. 
C)  they are smaller than most chromosomes. 
D)  their information is carried on other chromosomes. 
E)  of dosage compensation.

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning Down syndrome is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Down syndrome involves nondisjunction. 
B)  Down syndrome individuals have 47 chromosomes per somatic cell. 
C)  Down syndrome incidence increases with increasing material age. 
D)  Down syndrome individuals have an extra chromosome 22. 
E)  Down syndrome is variable in expression. 
A)  Down syndrome involves nondisjunction. 
B)  Down syndrome individuals have 47 chromosomes per somatic cell. 
C)  Down syndrome incidence increases with increasing material age. 
D)  Down syndrome individuals have an extra chromosome 22. 
E)  Down syndrome is variable in expression.

Question 12

The current status of gene therapy is:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is currently being used effectively to cure cystic fibrosis. 
B)  it has been terminated because clinical trials have shown that it is ineffective. 
C)  it is being evaluated to assess the risks associated with potential side effects. 
D)  the number of clinical trials is increasing at an almost uncontrolled rate. 
E)  that it may be considered in the future, but currently the technology is not available. 
A)  it is currently being used effectively to cure cystic fibrosis. 
B)  it has been terminated because clinical trials have shown that it is ineffective. 
C)  it is being evaluated to assess the risks associated with potential side effects. 
D)  the number of clinical trials is increasing at an almost uncontrolled rate. 
E)  that it may be considered in the future, but currently the technology is not available.

Question 13

Persons having an XO karyotype are sterile females.They have __________ syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A)  Turner 
B)  Klinefelter 
C)  Down (trisomy form) 
D)  Phenylketonuria 
E)  Down (translocation form) 
A)  Turner 
B)  Klinefelter 
C)  Down (trisomy form) 
D)  Phenylketonuria 
E)  Down (translocation form)

Question 14

Nondisjunction during mitosis leads to:

Accepted Answer

A)  an individual with a clone of abnormal cells. 
B)  an individual with all abnormal cells. 
C)  death of the daughter cells. 
D)  nonviable sperm. 
E)  normal daughter cells. 
A)  an individual with a clone of abnormal cells. 
B)  an individual with all abnormal cells. 
C)  death of the daughter cells. 
D)  nonviable sperm. 
E)  normal daughter cells.

Question 15

Gene therapy is:

Accepted Answer

A)  replacing all mutant alleles in body cells. 
B)  replacing poor copies of alleles with normal alleles. 
C)  replacing a mutant allele in certain body cells with a normal allele. 
D)  repairing mutant alleles in certain body cells. 
E)  improving gene expression in key body cells. 
A)  replacing all mutant alleles in body cells. 
B)  replacing poor copies of alleles with normal alleles. 
C)  replacing a mutant allele in certain body cells with a normal allele. 
D)  repairing mutant alleles in certain body cells. 
E)  improving gene expression in key body cells.

Question 16

The normal human karyotype contains __________ autosomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  22 
B)  23 
C)  44 
D)  46 
E)  54 
A)  22 
B)  23 
C)  44 
D)  46 
E)  54

Question 17

Comparing the human and mouse genomes has revealed that

Accepted Answer

A)  the mouse and human share few genes. 
B)  the mouse and human genomes are identical. 
C)  the mouse and human genomes have no genes in common. 
D)  the mouse and human share most genes. 
E)  the mouse and human genomes have identical noncoding DNA 
A)  the mouse and human share few genes. 
B)  the mouse and human genomes are identical. 
C)  the mouse and human genomes have no genes in common. 
D)  the mouse and human share most genes. 
E)  the mouse and human genomes have identical noncoding DNA

Question 18

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is done:

Accepted Answer

A)  after in vitro fertilization on cells from the embryo. 
B)  in the womb, before birth. 
C)  after a woman is pregnant, but before the embryo implants. 
D)  with the help of ultrasound. 
E)  before fertilization on the sperm and the egg. 
A)  after in vitro fertilization on cells from the embryo. 
B)  in the womb, before birth. 
C)  after a woman is pregnant, but before the embryo implants. 
D)  with the help of ultrasound. 
E)  before fertilization on the sperm and the egg.

Question 19

Chromosome "painting" distinguishes chromosomes by binding a fluorescent-tagged RNA strand complementary to the denatured DNA of a specific chromosome.
_________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In reciprocal translocation, two homologous chromosomes exchange segments.
_________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Polyploidy:

Karyotyping is useful for determining:

Which of the following statements about fragile X syndrome is not correct?

The human genome contains about __________ genes.

About what percentage of the human DNA codes for polypeptides?

Describe how amniocentesis is used in the prenatal diagnosis of human genetic abnormalities.Then compare and contrast the benefits and risks associated with amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling.

Autosomal aneuploidies arise by:

Gene targeting has been used in mice to produce strains that were either homozygous or heterozygous for __________.

Down syndrome is an example of a __________ condition.

Aneuploidies for the sex chromosomes are more viable because:

Which of the following statements concerning Down syndrome is FALSE?

The current status of gene therapy is:

Persons having an XO karyotype are sterile females.They have __________ syndrome.

Nondisjunction during mitosis leads to:

Gene therapy is:

The normal human karyotype contains __________ autosomes.

Comparing the human and mouse genomes has revealed that

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is done:

Chromosome "painting" distinguishes chromosomes by binding a fluorescent-tagged RNA strand complementary to the denatured DNA of a specific chromosome. _________________

In reciprocal translocation, two homologous chromosomes exchange segments. _________________

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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