Question 1

The main antigen presenting cells of the body are:

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophages and B cells only. 
B)  macrophages and dendritic cell only. 
C)  dendritic cells and B cells only. 
D)  dendritic cells and plasma cells only. 
E)  macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells. 
A)  macrophages and B cells only. 
B)  macrophages and dendritic cell only. 
C)  dendritic cells and B cells only. 
D)  dendritic cells and plasma cells only. 
E)  macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells.

Question 2

Autoimmunity is:

Accepted Answer

A)  an automatic response to an antigen. 
B)  a failure of self cell recognition. 
C)  a reaction to environmental antigens. 
D)  a normal response to infection. 
E)  a response between the autonomic nervous system and the immune system. 
A)  an automatic response to an antigen. 
B)  a failure of self cell recognition. 
C)  a reaction to environmental antigens. 
D)  a normal response to infection. 
E)  a response between the autonomic nervous system and the immune system.

Question 3

Briefly explain why allergies, such as hay fever, are characterized as a hypersensitive immune response.

Accepted Answer

Allergies are characterized by

Question 4

Normally, complement proteins are active until the body is exposed to antigen.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Each cytotoxic T cell expresses CD8 and 50,000 identical T cell receptors on its surface.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Select one of the options below and compare and contrast the paired terms:
A.
primary and secondary immune response
B.
passive and active immunity
C.
artificial and natural immunity

Accepted Answer

A.The primary immune response is elicite

Question 7

Which of the following combinations could result in Rh incompatibility?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rh-positive mother, Rh-negative father 
B)  Rh-positive mother, Rh-positive father 
C)  Rh-negative mother, Rh-positive father 
D)  Rh-negative mother, Rh-negative father 
E)  More than one of the above. 
A)  Rh-positive mother, Rh-negative father 
B)  Rh-positive mother, Rh-positive father 
C)  Rh-negative mother, Rh-positive father 
D)  Rh-negative mother, Rh-negative father 
E)  More than one of the above.

Question 8

If our bodies are capable of secondary responses, how do people contract influenza more than once?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory cells lose their ability to recognize antigens after six months. 
B)  The affinity of antibodies diminishes in the secondary response. 
C)  New varieties of flu virus continuously evolve. 
D)  Our bodies cannot launch a strong enough immune response against the flu virus. 
E)  There are no effective vaccinations for the flu. 
A)  Memory cells lose their ability to recognize antigens after six months. 
B)  The affinity of antibodies diminishes in the secondary response. 
C)  New varieties of flu virus continuously evolve. 
D)  Our bodies cannot launch a strong enough immune response against the flu virus. 
E)  There are no effective vaccinations for the flu.

Question 9

Which of the following statements concerning a secondary immune response is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a response to an antigen. 
B)  It may occur years after a primary response. 
C)  It involves memory cells. 
D)  It has a longer latent period than a primary response. 
E)  It is stimulated by less antigen than in a primary response. 
A)  It is a response to an antigen. 
B)  It may occur years after a primary response. 
C)  It involves memory cells. 
D)  It has a longer latent period than a primary response. 
E)  It is stimulated by less antigen than in a primary response.

Question 10

An antigen is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a phagocytic cell. 
B)  used to combat infections. 
C)  a molecule used by bacteria to destroy antibodies. 
D)  any molecule that is recognized as foreign by the immune system. 
E)  produced by a white blood cell. 
A)  a phagocytic cell. 
B)  used to combat infections. 
C)  a molecule used by bacteria to destroy antibodies. 
D)  any molecule that is recognized as foreign by the immune system. 
E)  produced by a white blood cell.

Question 11

You had a cold last month and you caught another one this month from your daughter.Why could this happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory cells were not formed as a response to the first cold. 
B)  The antibodies formed as a response to the first cold were degraded. 
C)  The two cold viruses are significantly different. 
D)  Your T cells are not working properly. 
E)  Your antigen-presenting cells do not recognize the second cold virus. 
A)  Memory cells were not formed as a response to the first cold. 
B)  The antibodies formed as a response to the first cold were degraded. 
C)  The two cold viruses are significantly different. 
D)  Your T cells are not working properly. 
E)  Your antigen-presenting cells do not recognize the second cold virus.

Question 12

Type II interferon inhibits viral replication and activates natural killer cells.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following statements about cancer defense is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural killer and cytotoxic T cells destroy cancer cells. 
B)  Cancer antigens stimulate a strong immune response. 
C)  Monoclonal antibodies can deliver toxic drugs to cancer cells. 
D)  T cells produce interleukins, which defend against cancer. 
E)  Macrophages produce tumor necrosis factor, which inhibits tumor growth. 
A)  Natural killer and cytotoxic T cells destroy cancer cells. 
B)  Cancer antigens stimulate a strong immune response. 
C)  Monoclonal antibodies can deliver toxic drugs to cancer cells. 
D)  T cells produce interleukins, which defend against cancer. 
E)  Macrophages produce tumor necrosis factor, which inhibits tumor growth.

Question 14

MATCHING
Match the immune cell with the description
a.Antigen presenting cells
d.CD4
b.Progenitor of all lymphocytes
e.Differentiates into plasma cell
c.CD8
-Describe the differences in function of the five immunoglobulin classes.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: IgA--in mucus, tea

Question 15

Identify the following as either specific or nonspecific immune responses, and for each provide a one-sentence explanation of its function or role.
A.
macrophages
B.
natural killer cells
C.
memory cells

Accepted Answer

A.Macrophages participate in nonspecific

Question 16

Class II MHC genes encode glycoproteins on the surface of cells that bind with antigen from intracellular pathogens.
____________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The enzyme found in tears that can digest bacterial cell walls is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  protease. 
B)  lysozyme. 
C)  interferon. 
D)  cytokine. 
E)  defensin. 
A)  protease. 
B)  lysozyme. 
C)  interferon. 
D)  cytokine. 
E)  defensin.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between an antibody and an antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  An antibody is one response to an antigen. 
B)  An antibody is produced by T cells and an antigen is a foreign protein. 
C)  An antigen is presented by antigen presenting cells to plasma cells, which produce antibodies. 
D)  An antigen is a disease-causing organism, and antibodies are produced by B cells. 
E)  An antibody induces antigen formation. 
A)  An antibody is one response to an antigen. 
B)  An antibody is produced by T cells and an antigen is a foreign protein. 
C)  An antigen is presented by antigen presenting cells to plasma cells, which produce antibodies. 
D)  An antigen is a disease-causing organism, and antibodies are produced by B cells. 
E)  An antibody induces antigen formation.

Question 19

Which regulatory protein is mismatched with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I interferons-inhibit viral replication 
B)  interleukin-1-resets body's thermostat, resulting in fever 
C)  tumor necrosis factor-kills tumor cells 
D)  cytokines-secrete antibodies 
E)  Type II interferons-stimulate macrophages to destroy tumor cells 
A)  Type I interferons-inhibit viral replication 
B)  interleukin-1-resets body's thermostat, resulting in fever 
C)  tumor necrosis factor-kills tumor cells 
D)  cytokines-secrete antibodies 
E)  Type II interferons-stimulate macrophages to destroy tumor cells

Question 20

Which statement about the inflammatory response is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bradykinin causes increased capillary permeability. 
B)  Type I interferons and neutrophils secrete histamine. 
C)  Increased blood flow to infected areas brings more phagocytic cells. 
D)  Swelling results from an increase in the volume of interstitial fluid in the infected area. 
E)  Edema and certain enzymes in the plasma cause the pain associated with inflammation. 
A)  Bradykinin causes increased capillary permeability. 
B)  Type I interferons and neutrophils secrete histamine. 
C)  Increased blood flow to infected areas brings more phagocytic cells. 
D)  Swelling results from an increase in the volume of interstitial fluid in the infected area. 
E)  Edema and certain enzymes in the plasma cause the pain associated with inflammation.

Exam 45: The Immune System: Internal Defense

The main antigen presenting cells of the body are:

Autoimmunity is:

Briefly explain why allergies, such as hay fever, are characterized as a hypersensitive immune response.

Normally, complement proteins are active until the body is exposed to antigen. ____________________

Each cytotoxic T cell expresses CD8 and 50,000 identical T cell receptors on its surface. ____________________

Select one of the options below and compare and contrast the paired terms: A. primary and secondary immune response B. passive and active immunity C. artificial and natural immunity

Which of the following combinations could result in Rh incompatibility?

If our bodies are capable of secondary responses, how do people contract influenza more than once?

Which of the following statements concerning a secondary immune response is false?

An antigen is:

You had a cold last month and you caught another one this month from your daughter.Why could this happen?

Type II interferon inhibits viral replication and activates natural killer cells. ____________________

Which of the following statements about cancer defense is false?

MATCHING Match the immune cell with the description a.Antigen presenting cells d.CD4 b.Progenitor of all lymphocytes e.Differentiates into plasma cell c.CD8 -Describe the differences in function of the five immunoglobulin classes.

Identify the following as either specific or nonspecific immune responses, and for each provide a one-sentence explanation of its function or role. A. macrophages B. natural killer cells C. memory cells

Class II MHC genes encode glycoproteins on the surface of cells that bind with antigen from intracellular pathogens. ____________________

The enzyme found in tears that can digest bacterial cell walls is called:

Which of the following best describes the relationship between an antibody and an antigen?

Which regulatory protein is mismatched with its function?

Which statement about the inflammatory response is false?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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