Question 1

Carbon has atomic number 6. Carbon most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  shares protons. 
B)  loses protons. 
C)  loses electrons. 
D)  shares neutrons. 
E)  shares electrons. 
A)  shares protons. 
B)  loses protons. 
C)  loses electrons. 
D)  shares neutrons. 
E)  shares electrons.

Question 2

Which of the following results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonpolar covalent bond 
B)  Polar covalent bond 
C)  Ionic bond 
D)  Hydrogen bond 
E)  Electron- proton interaction 
A)  Nonpolar covalent bond 
B)  Polar covalent bond 
C)  Ionic bond 
D)  Hydrogen bond 
E)  Electron- proton interaction

Question 3

Every atom of the same element has an equal number of electrons and protons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A single covalent chemical bond represents the sharing of how many electrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Six 
B)  One 
C)  Two 
D)  Three 
E)  Four 
A)  Six 
B)  One 
C)  Two 
D)  Three 
E)  Four

Question 5

When the acidic level of human blood increases, how is the proper balance of hydrogen ions (H+) restored?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicarbonate (HCO3- ) releases H+ ions that combine with excess OH- ions to form H2O. 
B)  Carbonic acid eats up the extra OH- ions. 
C)  Bicarbonate (HCO3- ) accepts H+ ions and forms carbonic acid. 
D)  H+ ion- donor levels increase. 
A)  Bicarbonate (HCO3- ) releases H+ ions that combine with excess OH- ions to form H2O. 
B)  Carbonic acid eats up the extra OH- ions. 
C)  Bicarbonate (HCO3- ) accepts H+ ions and forms carbonic acid. 
D)  H+ ion- donor levels increase.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bond between H of one water molecule and H of a separate water molecule 
B)  The bond between O of one water molecule and O of a separate water molecule 
C)  The bond between the H of a water molecule and H of a hydrogen molecule 
D)  The bond between O and H in a single molecule of water 
E)  The bond between O of one water molecule and H of a separate water molecule 
A)  The bond between H of one water molecule and H of a separate water molecule 
B)  The bond between O of one water molecule and O of a separate water molecule 
C)  The bond between the H of a water molecule and H of a hydrogen molecule 
D)  The bond between O and H in a single molecule of water 
E)  The bond between O of one water molecule and H of a separate water molecule

Question 7

Scientists recommend a diet rich in antioxidants to stay healthy. What occurs at the atomic level to explain this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antioxidants steal electrons, which gives cells extra energy. 
B)  Antioxidants prevent free radicals from attacking other atoms or molecules. 
C)  Antioxidants are inert and do not interact with free radicals. 
D)  Antioxidants cause an increase in pH, which is necessary for neutrality in cells. 
A)  Antioxidants steal electrons, which gives cells extra energy. 
B)  Antioxidants prevent free radicals from attacking other atoms or molecules. 
C)  Antioxidants are inert and do not interact with free radicals. 
D)  Antioxidants cause an increase in pH, which is necessary for neutrality in cells.

Question 8

For ice to melt, it has to

Accepted Answer

A)  become less dense. 
B)  increase its heat of vaporization. 
C)  increase its property of cohesion. 
D)  absorb heat from its surroundings. 
A)  become less dense. 
B)  increase its heat of vaporization. 
C)  increase its property of cohesion. 
D)  absorb heat from its surroundings.

Question 9

The element carbon has atomic number 6. Carbon most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  forms four covalent bonds. 
B)  donates two electrons to another atom. 
C)  forms ionic bonds with other atoms. 
D)  shares two electrons with another atom. 
A)  forms four covalent bonds. 
B)  donates two electrons to another atom. 
C)  forms ionic bonds with other atoms. 
D)  shares two electrons with another atom.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why a particular atom may not form compounds easily?

Accepted Answer

A)  The atom has no electrons. 
B)  The atom's outer energy shells are completely full. 
C)  The atom has seven electrons in its outer shell. 
D)  The atom has an uneven number of protons. 
A)  The atom has no electrons. 
B)  The atom's outer energy shells are completely full. 
C)  The atom has seven electrons in its outer shell. 
D)  The atom has an uneven number of protons.

Question 11

Carbon- 14 is often used for carbon dating, where scientists measure the rate of carbon- 14 decay to determine the age of items. Carbon- 14 contains six protons and eight neutrons. During the process of carbon- 14 decay, one of its eight neutrons becomes a proton and an electron is emitted. Which of the following is the best explanation of what has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  The resulting atom is still carbon- 14. 
B)  An ionic bond has formed. 
C)  The resulting atom is now a different element because the number of protons has changed. 
D)  The resulting atom has a more stable nucleus. 
A)  The resulting atom is still carbon- 14. 
B)  An ionic bond has formed. 
C)  The resulting atom is now a different element because the number of protons has changed. 
D)  The resulting atom has a more stable nucleus.

Question 12

Unlike a rock, a reptile can sit in the hot sunshine without its body temperature soaring quickly. This is because the water in its body

Accepted Answer

A)  is a good solvent. 
B)  is a poor solvent. 
C)  has a high specific heat. 
D)  has a low specific heat. 
A)  is a good solvent. 
B)  is a poor solvent. 
C)  has a high specific heat. 
D)  has a low specific heat.

Question 13

Polar molecules

Accepted Answer

A)  have an overall negative electric charge. 
B)  are always ions. 
C)  have an equal distribution of electric charge. 
D)  have an overall positive electric charge. 
E)  have an unequal distribution of electric charge. 
A)  have an overall negative electric charge. 
B)  are always ions. 
C)  have an equal distribution of electric charge. 
D)  have an overall positive electric charge. 
E)  have an unequal distribution of electric charge.

Question 14

Free radicals contain unpaired electrons in their outermost energy shell, so they react readily with other atoms or molecules to reach a more stable state. Which of the following could potentially be a free radical?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluorine (atomic number 9) 
B)  Helium (atomic number 2) 
C)  Magnesium (atomic number 12) 
D)  Neon (atomic number 10) 
A)  Fluorine (atomic number 9) 
B)  Helium (atomic number 2) 
C)  Magnesium (atomic number 12) 
D)  Neon (atomic number 10)

Question 15

What does H- O- H represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mixture including water 
B)  Ionic bonding of water 
C)  Molecule of water 
D)  Atom of water 
A)  Mixture including water 
B)  Ionic bonding of water 
C)  Molecule of water 
D)  Atom of water

Question 16

Sweating is a useful cooling mechanism for humans because water

Accepted Answer

A)  takes up a great deal of heat in changing from its solid state to its liquid state. 
B)  takes up a great deal of heat in changing from its liquid state to its gaseous state. 
C)  can exist in two states at temperatures common on Earth. 
D)  is an outstanding solvent. 
E)  ionizes readily. 
A)  takes up a great deal of heat in changing from its solid state to its liquid state. 
B)  takes up a great deal of heat in changing from its liquid state to its gaseous state. 
C)  can exist in two states at temperatures common on Earth. 
D)  is an outstanding solvent. 
E)  ionizes readily.

Question 17

Which of the following properties of water enable(s) it to function as a regulator of temperature for living organisms? (Hint: Think about what happens when you are sunbathing.)

Accepted Answer

A)  High specific heat 
B)  Low specific heat 
C)  High heat of vaporization 
D)  High specific heat and low heat of vaporization 
E)  High specific heat and high heat of vaporization 
A)  High specific heat 
B)  Low specific heat 
C)  High heat of vaporization 
D)  High specific heat and low heat of vaporization 
E)  High specific heat and high heat of vaporization

Question 18

How do buffers work?

Accepted Answer

A)  They convert H+ and OH- to water. 
B)  They accept and release OH- . 
C)  They accept and release H+. 
D)  They monitor the blood pH. 
E)  They soak up extra acid and base. 
A)  They convert H+ and OH- to water. 
B)  They accept and release OH- . 
C)  They accept and release H+. 
D)  They monitor the blood pH. 
E)  They soak up extra acid and base.

Question 19

Which of the following pairs has the most similar chemical properties to each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  16O and 32S 
B)  12C and 14C 
C)  12C and 28Si 
D)  1H and 2He 
E)  1H and 22Na 
A)  16O and 32S 
B)  12C and 14C 
C)  12C and 28Si 
D)  1H and 2He 
E)  1H and 22Na

Question 20

Which of the following is the densest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Liquid water 
B)  Ice 
C)  Steam 
A)  Liquid water 
B)  Ice 
C)  Steam

Exam 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Carbon has atomic number 6. Carbon most likely

Which of the following results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?

Every atom of the same element has an equal number of electrons and protons.

A single covalent chemical bond represents the sharing of how many electrons?

When the acidic level of human blood increases, how is the proper balance of hydrogen ions (H+) restored?

Which of the following is an example of hydrogen bonding?

Scientists recommend a diet rich in antioxidants to stay healthy. What occurs at the atomic level to explain this recommendation?

For ice to melt, it has to

The element carbon has atomic number 6. Carbon most likely

Which of the following best explains why a particular atom may not form compounds easily?

Unlike a rock, a reptile can sit in the hot sunshine without its body temperature soaring quickly. This is because the water in its body

Polar molecules

Free radicals contain unpaired electrons in their outermost energy shell, so they react readily with other atoms or molecules to reach a more stable state. Which of the following could potentially be a free radical?

What does H- O- H represent?

Sweating is a useful cooling mechanism for humans because water

Which of the following properties of water enable(s) it to function as a regulator of temperature for living organisms? (Hint: Think about what happens when you are sunbathing.)

How do buffers work?

Which of the following pairs has the most similar chemical properties to each other?

Which of the following is the densest?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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