Question 1

Erythropoietin is released in response to low levels of in the blood.

Accepted Answer

oxygen

Question 2

The kidneys help regulate blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Alcohol increases urine output by inhibiting the release of ADH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The funnel- like chamber of the kidney that collects urine is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis. 
B)  smooth muscle. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  renal medulla. 
E)  renal cortex. 
A)  renal pelvis. 
B)  smooth muscle. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  renal medulla. 
E)  renal cortex.

Question 5

The composition of glomerular filtrate is almost identical to that of urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What are the two main functions of the nephron loop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Creates a high salt concentration in the renal cortex and reabsorbs some salt and water 
B)  Creates a high salt concentration in the renal medulla and reabsorbs salt and water 
C)  Creates a high glucose concentration in the renal cortex and releases extra salt into the filtrate 
D)  Filters cellular wastes from blood in the capillaries and reabsorbs some salt and water 
E)  Creates a low salt concentration in the renal medulla and reabsorbs salt and water 
A)  Creates a high salt concentration in the renal cortex and reabsorbs some salt and water 
B)  Creates a high salt concentration in the renal medulla and reabsorbs salt and water 
C)  Creates a high glucose concentration in the renal cortex and releases extra salt into the filtrate 
D)  Filters cellular wastes from blood in the capillaries and reabsorbs some salt and water 
E)  Creates a low salt concentration in the renal medulla and reabsorbs salt and water

Question 7

An average hemodialysis session usually lasts 4 hours and occurs about

Accepted Answer

A)  three times a week. 
B)  once a month. 
C)  three times a month. 
D)  7 days a week. 
E)  once a week. 
A)  three times a week. 
B)  once a month. 
C)  three times a month. 
D)  7 days a week. 
E)  once a week.

Question 8

Which of the following nitrogenous waste products is the least toxic, but requires the most energy to produce?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urine 
B)  Uric acid 
C)  Ammonia 
D)  Urea 
A)  Urine 
B)  Uric acid 
C)  Ammonia 
D)  Urea

Question 9

In what region of the nephron does most secretion take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal tubule 
B)  Nephron loop 
C)  Glomerulus 
D)  Distal tubule 
E)  Collecting duct 
A)  Proximal tubule 
B)  Nephron loop 
C)  Glomerulus 
D)  Distal tubule 
E)  Collecting duct

Question 10

What is the process by which water and nutrients are removed from the filtrate and returned to the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elimination 
B)  Excretion 
C)  Reabsorption 
D)  Secretion 
E)  Filtration 
A)  Elimination 
B)  Excretion 
C)  Reabsorption 
D)  Secretion 
E)  Filtration

Question 11

What is the function of secretion?

Accepted Answer

Substances that are harmful to the body,

Question 12

It is estimated that more than 90% of Americans get a daily dose of caffeine from coffee, sodas, tea, or "energy" d Excessive caffeine intake can result in difficulty sleeping, jitteriness, and anxiety. It can also cause increased urin which can lead to dehydration. Based on your knowledge of urinary systems and on the information provided in this scenario, which of the foll explains the effects of caffeine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Caffeine increases the amount of ADH in the blood. 
B)  Caffeine increases the amount of erythropoietin in the blood. 
C)  Caffeine decreases the amount of ADH in the blood. 
D)  Caffeine decreases the amount of renin in the blood. 
A)  Caffeine increases the amount of ADH in the blood. 
B)  Caffeine increases the amount of erythropoietin in the blood. 
C)  Caffeine decreases the amount of ADH in the blood. 
D)  Caffeine decreases the amount of renin in the blood.

Question 13

Urea is more toxic to the human body than is ammonia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

All of the following are part of the nephron EXCEPT the

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron loop. 
B)  proximal tubule. 
C)  glomerular capsule. 
D)  renal medulla. 
E)  glomerulus. 
A)  nephron loop. 
B)  proximal tubule. 
C)  glomerular capsule. 
D)  renal medulla. 
E)  glomerulus.

Question 15

Which of the following explains why a sample of the filtrate taken from the proximal tubule is NOT ideal for conducting a drug test or toxicology screen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some of the toxins and drugs do not enter the filtrate until they are secreted in the distal tubule. 
B)  As soon as the toxins and drugs enter the proximal tubule, they are immediately reabsorbed. 
C)  Only a blood test can detect drugs and toxins because they are too large to enter the kidney tubule system. 
D)  Many of the toxins and drugs are not added to urine until it enters the bladder. 
A)  Some of the toxins and drugs do not enter the filtrate until they are secreted in the distal tubule. 
B)  As soon as the toxins and drugs enter the proximal tubule, they are immediately reabsorbed. 
C)  Only a blood test can detect drugs and toxins because they are too large to enter the kidney tubule system. 
D)  Many of the toxins and drugs are not added to urine until it enters the bladder.

Question 16

Which type of fish is more likely to live in an environment that has a lower osmolarity than that of its body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brackish water fish (salt- and freshwater combined) 
B)  Saltwater fish 
C)  Freshwater fish 
A)  Brackish water fish (salt- and freshwater combined) 
B)  Saltwater fish 
C)  Freshwater fish

Question 17

ADH exerts its effect on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal tubule and nephron loop 
B)  Collecting duct and distal tubule 
C)  Proximal and distal tubules 
D)  Collecting duct and proximal tubule 
E)  Descending portion of the nephron loop 
A)  Proximal tubule and nephron loop 
B)  Collecting duct and distal tubule 
C)  Proximal and distal tubules 
D)  Collecting duct and proximal tubule 
E)  Descending portion of the nephron loop

Question 18

How much urine does the average adult human excrete per day?

Accepted Answer

A)  1,000 milliliters (1 quart) 
B)  1,500 milliliters (1.5 quarts) 
C)  500 milliliters (1 pint) 
D)  250 milliliters (1 cup) 
E)  125 milliliters (1/2 cup) 
A)  1,000 milliliters (1 quart) 
B)  1,500 milliliters (1.5 quarts) 
C)  500 milliliters (1 pint) 
D)  250 milliliters (1 cup) 
E)  125 milliliters (1/2 cup)

Question 19

Kidney failure or end- stage renal disease is most commonly associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  a high- fat diet and low blood pressure. 
B)  low blood pressure. 
C)  diabetes and high blood pressure. 
D)  a low- protein diet. 
E)  a low- carbohydrate diet. 
A)  a high- fat diet and low blood pressure. 
B)  low blood pressure. 
C)  diabetes and high blood pressure. 
D)  a low- protein diet. 
E)  a low- carbohydrate diet.

Question 20

Which sequence properly describes the flow of filtrate through the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerulus, peritubular capillaries, renal artery, arteriole, venule, renal vein 
B)  Collecting duct, distal tubule, nephron loop, proximal tubule, glomerular capsule 
C)  Proximal tubule, nephron loop, glomerular capsule, distal tubule, collecting duct 
D)  Glomerular capsule, proximal tubule, nephron loop, distal tubule, collecting duct 
E)  Glomerular capsule, peritubular capillaries, nephron loop, distal tubule, collecting duct 
A)  Glomerulus, peritubular capillaries, renal artery, arteriole, venule, renal vein 
B)  Collecting duct, distal tubule, nephron loop, proximal tubule, glomerular capsule 
C)  Proximal tubule, nephron loop, glomerular capsule, distal tubule, collecting duct 
D)  Glomerular capsule, proximal tubule, nephron loop, distal tubule, collecting duct 
E)  Glomerular capsule, peritubular capillaries, nephron loop, distal tubule, collecting duct

Exam 36: The Urinary System

Erythropoietin is released in response to low levels of in the blood.

The kidneys help regulate blood pressure.

Alcohol increases urine output by inhibiting the release of ADH.

The funnel- like chamber of the kidney that collects urine is called the

The composition of glomerular filtrate is almost identical to that of urine.

What are the two main functions of the nephron loop?

An average hemodialysis session usually lasts 4 hours and occurs about

Which of the following nitrogenous waste products is the least toxic, but requires the most energy to produce?

In what region of the nephron does most secretion take place?

What is the process by which water and nutrients are removed from the filtrate and returned to the blood?

What is the function of secretion?

Urea is more toxic to the human body than is ammonia.

All of the following are part of the nephron EXCEPT the

Which of the following explains why a sample of the filtrate taken from the proximal tubule is NOT ideal for conducting a drug test or toxicology screen?

Which type of fish is more likely to live in an environment that has a lower osmolarity than that of its body fluids?

ADH exerts its effect on which of the following?

How much urine does the average adult human excrete per day?

Kidney failure or end- stage renal disease is most commonly associated with

Which sequence properly describes the flow of filtrate through the nephron?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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