Question 1

How would the kidneys respond to a decrease in blood pH caused by a high protein diet?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased secretion of both H+ and HCO3- 
B)  Increased H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorption 
C)  Increased production of renin and ADH 
D)  Increased HCO3- secretion and H+ reabsorption 
E)  Increased reabsorption of both H+ and HCO3- 
A)  Increased secretion of both H+ and HCO3- 
B)  Increased H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorption 
C)  Increased production of renin and ADH 
D)  Increased HCO3- secretion and H+ reabsorption 
E)  Increased reabsorption of both H+ and HCO3-

Question 2

The is the region of the kidney involved in producing concentrated urine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The is the region of the kidney...

Question 3

What percentage of the water that enters a nephron is reabsorbed into the blood in the absence of ADH?

Accepted Answer

A)  99% 
B)  80% 
C)  25% 
D)  50% 
A)  99% 
B)  80% 
C)  25% 
D)  50%

Question 4

Which of these structures converts highly toxic ammonia into urea, a less toxic form of nitrogenous waste?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidney 
B)  Spleen 
C)  Pancreas 
D)  Liver 
E)  Muscles 
A)  Kidney 
B)  Spleen 
C)  Pancreas 
D)  Liver 
E)  Muscles

Question 5

You have conscious control over

Accepted Answer

A)  the internal urethral sphincter. 
B)  muscles that propel urine from the kidney to the bladder. 
C)  muscles that cause the bladder to contract. 
D)  the external urethral sphincter. 
A)  the internal urethral sphincter. 
B)  muscles that propel urine from the kidney to the bladder. 
C)  muscles that cause the bladder to contract. 
D)  the external urethral sphincter.

Question 6

Which of the following hormones increases blood pressure by constricting arterioles all over the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Angiotensin 
B)  ADH 
C)  Erythropoietin 
D)  Aldosterone 
A)  Angiotensin 
B)  ADH 
C)  Erythropoietin 
D)  Aldosterone

Question 7

What are the four distinct anatomical components of the mammalian urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Kidney, ur

Question 8

Where does the highest rate of reabsorption occur?

Accepted Answer

In the pro

Question 9

Hormones regulate reabsorption in which region of the kidney tubule system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nephron loop 
B)  Glomerular capsule 
C)  Distal tubule 
D)  Glomerulus 
E)  Proximal tubule 
A)  Nephron loop 
B)  Glomerular capsule 
C)  Distal tubule 
D)  Glomerulus 
E)  Proximal tubule

Question 10

Based on this figure, what pathway is used during urinary catheterization, in which a tube is inserted into a patient to drain urine from the bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  From the vena cava into the urinary bladder 
B)  From the left ureter into the urinary bladder 
C)  From the left renal artery into the urinary bladder 
D)  From the urethra into the urinary bladder 
A)  From the vena cava into the urinary bladder 
B)  From the left ureter into the urinary bladder 
C)  From the left renal artery into the urinary bladder 
D)  From the urethra into the urinary bladder

Question 11

What effect will increased blood levels of ADH have on blood volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will decrease blood volume. 
B)  It will have no effect on blood volume because ADH affects only urine output. 
C)  It will increase blood volume. 
D)  Only the plasma (fluid) part of the blood will decrease. 
A)  It will decrease blood volume. 
B)  It will have no effect on blood volume because ADH affects only urine output. 
C)  It will increase blood volume. 
D)  Only the plasma (fluid) part of the blood will decrease.

Question 12

Glomerular filtrate contains many components that need to be reabsorbed (returned to the blood). Which of the following is (are) reabsorbed by osmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amino acids 
B)  Red blood cells 
C)  Urea 
D)  Glucose 
E)  Water 
A)  Amino acids 
B)  Red blood cells 
C)  Urea 
D)  Glucose 
E)  Water

Question 13

Which of the following increases the reabsorption of water by inserting aquaporins into the membranes of the distal tubule and collecting duct cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Erythropoietin 
C)  Angiotensin 
D)  ADH 
E)  Renin 
A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Erythropoietin 
C)  Angiotensin 
D)  ADH 
E)  Renin

Question 14

Officials associated with international track and field competitions have noted an increase in the number of athletes who use a synthetic form of erythropoietin. Athletes use this drug because it

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates the release of ADH, which then goes on to cause an increase in the number of red blood cells and helps athletes increase their aerobic capacity for an event. 
B)  increases the number of oxygen- transporting red blood cells, which helps athletes increase their aerobic capacity for an event. 
C)  decreases blood pressure so that they can be more focused and relaxed during a competition. 
D)  increases urine output so that they can shed weight just prior to an important competition. 
A)  stimulates the release of ADH, which then goes on to cause an increase in the number of red blood cells and helps athletes increase their aerobic capacity for an event. 
B)  increases the number of oxygen- transporting red blood cells, which helps athletes increase their aerobic capacity for an event. 
C)  decreases blood pressure so that they can be more focused and relaxed during a competition. 
D)  increases urine output so that they can shed weight just prior to an important competition.

Question 15

Ammonia, uric acid, and urea are products of the breakdown of that accumulate because of protein digestion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ammonia, uric acid, and urea are products...

Question 16

Urine is the watery liquid that contains substances filtered from the blood or the fluid that bathes all cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Urine is the watery liquid that contains...

Question 17

The likelihood of men over the age of 40 developing an enlarged prostate (often called benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH) increases with age. An enlarged prostate is not the same as cancer, and it does not increase a man's risk for developing prostate cancer. BPH is so common that it has been said that all men would have an enlarged prostate if they were to live long enough! Some of the complications of BPH are increased frequency of urination, reduced urine output, and uncontrolled "dribbling" after urination. After an enlarged prostate is surgically removed (a prostatectomy), these symptoms disappear. Based on this scenario and your knowledge of the urinary system, which of the following must be TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prostate enlargement reduces the ability of the kidneys to filter wastes from the bloodstream. 
B)  An enlarged prostate presses on the urethra and bladder, affecting urination. 
C)  The prostate is the only gland that releases ADH, which decreases urine production. 
D)  The prostate is part of the kidney and assists in urine production. 
A)  Prostate enlargement reduces the ability of the kidneys to filter wastes from the bloodstream. 
B)  An enlarged prostate presses on the urethra and bladder, affecting urination. 
C)  The prostate is the only gland that releases ADH, which decreases urine production. 
D)  The prostate is part of the kidney and assists in urine production.

Question 18

ADH is released into the blood by the

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney. 
B)  pituitary gland. 
C)  liver. 
D)  small intestine. 
A)  kidney. 
B)  pituitary gland. 
C)  liver. 
D)  small intestine.

Question 19

Which of the following is (are) produced by the kidney and is (are) important in the regulation of blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renin and angiotensin 
B)  Aldosterone only 
C)  ADH only 
D)  Erythropoietin 
E)  Aldosterone and ADH 
A)  Renin and angiotensin 
B)  Aldosterone only 
C)  ADH only 
D)  Erythropoietin 
E)  Aldosterone and ADH

Question 20

Which of the following is the most likely to be secreted into the renal tubule for excretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water 
B)  Excess Na+ 
C)  Vitamins 
D)  Glucose 
E)  Amino acids 
A)  Water 
B)  Excess Na+ 
C)  Vitamins 
D)  Glucose 
E)  Amino acids

Exam 36: The Urinary System

How would the kidneys respond to a decrease in blood pH caused by a high protein diet?

The is the region of the kidney involved in producing concentrated urine.

What percentage of the water that enters a nephron is reabsorbed into the blood in the absence of ADH?

Which of these structures converts highly toxic ammonia into urea, a less toxic form of nitrogenous waste?

You have conscious control over

Which of the following hormones increases blood pressure by constricting arterioles all over the body?

What are the four distinct anatomical components of the mammalian urinary system?

Where does the highest rate of reabsorption occur?

Hormones regulate reabsorption in which region of the kidney tubule system?

Based on this figure, what pathway is used during urinary catheterization, in which a tube is inserted into a patient to drain urine from the bladder?

What effect will increased blood levels of ADH have on blood volume?

Glomerular filtrate contains many components that need to be reabsorbed (returned to the blood). Which of the following is (are) reabsorbed by osmosis?

Which of the following increases the reabsorption of water by inserting aquaporins into the membranes of the distal tubule and collecting duct cells?

Officials associated with international track and field competitions have noted an increase in the number of athletes who use a synthetic form of erythropoietin. Athletes use this drug because it

Ammonia, uric acid, and urea are products of the breakdown of that accumulate because of protein digestion.

Urine is the watery liquid that contains substances filtered from the blood or the fluid that bathes all cells.

ADH is released into the blood by the

Which of the following is (are) produced by the kidney and is (are) important in the regulation of blood pressure?

Which of the following is the most likely to be secreted into the renal tubule for excretion?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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