Question 1

The feces of which of the following would contain a high concentration of uric acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insect 
B)  Flatworm 
C)  Bird 
D)  Mollusk 
A)  Insect 
B)  Flatworm 
C)  Bird 
D)  Mollusk

Question 2

Which of the following correctly traces the path of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ureter -urethra -bladder -renal pelvis 
B)  Renal pelvis -urethra -bladder -ureter 
C)  Renal pelvis -uterus -bladder -urethra 
D)  Renal pelvis -bladder -ureter -urethra 
E)  Renal pelvis -ureter -bladder -urethra 
A)  Ureter -urethra -bladder -renal pelvis 
B)  Renal pelvis -urethra -bladder -ureter 
C)  Renal pelvis -uterus -bladder -urethra 
D)  Renal pelvis -bladder -ureter -urethra 
E)  Renal pelvis -ureter -bladder -urethra

Question 3

The human kidneys are located

Accepted Answer

A)  in front of the large intestine. 
B)  at about the level of the waist. 
C)  on either side of the esophagus. 
D)  in the abdominal cavity just above the rectum. 
E)  in the chest cavity. 
A)  in front of the large intestine. 
B)  at about the level of the waist. 
C)  on either side of the esophagus. 
D)  in the abdominal cavity just above the rectum. 
E)  in the chest cavity.

Question 4

Which of these animals has the greatest proportion of long- looped nephrons in their kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  A freshwater mammal, such as a beaver 
B)  A saltwater fish 
C)  A human 
D)  A desert mammal, such as a sand rat 
E)  A freshwater fish 
A)  A freshwater mammal, such as a beaver 
B)  A saltwater fish 
C)  A human 
D)  A desert mammal, such as a sand rat 
E)  A freshwater fish

Question 5

A friend receives the results of a urine test and finds that dissolved nutrients, such as amino acids and glucose, are present in his urine. You deduce that part of his kidney is not functioning properly. Which part is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collecting ducts 
B)  Renal medulla 
C)  Nephron loops 
D)  Renal pelvis 
E)  Proximal tubules 
A)  Collecting ducts 
B)  Renal medulla 
C)  Nephron loops 
D)  Renal pelvis 
E)  Proximal tubules

Question 6

An animal whose kidneys have a high percentage of long- looped nephrons probably lives in a _ environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  desert 
B)  seasonally wet 
C)  saltwater 
D)  rain- forest 
E)  freshwater 
A)  desert 
B)  seasonally wet 
C)  saltwater 
D)  rain- forest 
E)  freshwater

Question 7

Which type of fish stores urea in its tissues to keep its body the same osmolarity as the water in which it lives?

Accepted Answer

A)  Goldfish 
B)  Tuna 
C)  Trout 
D)  Shrimp 
E)  Shark 
A)  Goldfish 
B)  Tuna 
C)  Trout 
D)  Shrimp 
E)  Shark

Question 8

Animals vary the composition of their urine depending on their environment and their need to conserve water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following has a urinary system that makes use of flame cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bird 
B)  Flatworm 
C)  Shark 
D)  Mollusk 
E)  Earthworm 
A)  Bird 
B)  Flatworm 
C)  Shark 
D)  Mollusk 
E)  Earthworm

Question 10

The primary nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine of all mammals is .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary nitrogenous waste product excreted in...

Question 11

Most reabsorption takes place in what part of the tubule system in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal tubule 
B)  Nephron loop 
C)  Glomerular capsule 
D)  Collecting duct 
E)  Distal tubule 
A)  Proximal tubule 
B)  Nephron loop 
C)  Glomerular capsule 
D)  Collecting duct 
E)  Distal tubule

Question 12

Water may be reabsorbed from many regions of the nephron; however, which regions can do so only if the blood levels of ADH are elevated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nephron loop and distal tubule 
B)  Distal tubule and collecting duct 
C)  Proximal tubule and nephron loop 
D)  Proximal and distal tubules 
E)  Glomerulus and the glomerular capsule 
A)  Nephron loop and distal tubule 
B)  Distal tubule and collecting duct 
C)  Proximal tubule and nephron loop 
D)  Proximal and distal tubules 
E)  Glomerulus and the glomerular capsule

Question 13

Briefly explain why animals that live in very dry climates have the longest nephron loops.

Accepted Answer

The longer the nephron loop, t

Question 14

You analyze a blood sample taken from a man who survived for 2 days in the desert with no water to drink. Based on your knowledge of kidney physiology, you are not surprised to find that his blood level of ADH is

Accepted Answer

A)  zero. 
B)  higher than normal. 
C)  lower than normal. 
D)  normal. 
A)  zero. 
B)  higher than normal. 
C)  lower than normal. 
D)  normal.

Question 15

A person taking antibiotics must take pills several times each day to maintain effective concentrations in the blood. This is because of

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion. 
B)  reabsorption. 
C)  a decrease in antidiuretic hormone. 
D)  osmoregulation. 
E)  a decrease in angiotensin. 
A)  secretion. 
B)  reabsorption. 
C)  a decrease in antidiuretic hormone. 
D)  osmoregulation. 
E)  a decrease in angiotensin.

Question 16

Explain why the process in the kidneys is called "filtration." (What is acting as a "filter"?)

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure forces fluids f

Question 17

What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collecting duct 
B)  Peritubular capillaries 
C)  Nephron 
D)  Glomerular capsule 
E)  Glomerulus 
A)  Collecting duct 
B)  Peritubular capillaries 
C)  Nephron 
D)  Glomerular capsule 
E)  Glomerulus

Question 18

According to the illustration, blood entering which structure will undergo no further modification by the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerulus 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Distal tubule 
D)  Venule 
E)  Glomerular capsule 
A)  Glomerulus 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Distal tubule 
D)  Venule 
E)  Glomerular capsule

Question 19

How does drinking a lot of water affect ADH production and urine output?

Accepted Answer

Increased water consumption ca

Question 20

What is the force that drives glomerular filtration (movement of fluid from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure 
B)  Osmosis 
C)  Salt gradients 
D)  pH gradients 
E)  Smooth muscle contraction 
A)  Blood pressure 
B)  Osmosis 
C)  Salt gradients 
D)  pH gradients 
E)  Smooth muscle contraction

Exam 36: The Urinary System

The feces of which of the following would contain a high concentration of uric acid?

Which of the following correctly traces the path of urine?

The human kidneys are located

Which of these animals has the greatest proportion of long- looped nephrons in their kidneys?

A friend receives the results of a urine test and finds that dissolved nutrients, such as amino acids and glucose, are present in his urine. You deduce that part of his kidney is not functioning properly. Which part is most likely malfunctioning?

An animal whose kidneys have a high percentage of long- looped nephrons probably lives in a _ environment.

Which type of fish stores urea in its tissues to keep its body the same osmolarity as the water in which it lives?

Animals vary the composition of their urine depending on their environment and their need to conserve water.

Which of the following has a urinary system that makes use of flame cells?

The primary nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine of all mammals is .

Most reabsorption takes place in what part of the tubule system in the kidney?

Water may be reabsorbed from many regions of the nephron; however, which regions can do so only if the blood levels of ADH are elevated?

Briefly explain why animals that live in very dry climates have the longest nephron loops.

You analyze a blood sample taken from a man who survived for 2 days in the desert with no water to drink. Based on your knowledge of kidney physiology, you are not surprised to find that his blood level of ADH is

A person taking antibiotics must take pills several times each day to maintain effective concentrations in the blood. This is because of

Explain why the process in the kidneys is called "filtration." (What is acting as a "filter"?)

What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

According to the illustration, blood entering which structure will undergo no further modification by the nephron?

How does drinking a lot of water affect ADH production and urine output?

What is the force that drives glomerular filtration (movement of fluid from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule)?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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