Question 1

In human muscle cells, fermentation (by itself) produces

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate. 
B)  lactate. 
C)  adenosine triphosphate. 
D)  water. 
A)  pyruvate. 
B)  lactate. 
C)  adenosine triphosphate. 
D)  water. B

Question 2

At the end of glycolysis, the original carbons of the glucose molecule form

Accepted Answer

A)  two molecules of NADH. 
B)  two molecules of fructose. 
C)  two molecules of citric acid. 
D)  six molecules of carbon dioxide. 
E)  two molecules of pyruvate. 
A)  two molecules of NADH. 
B)  two molecules of fructose. 
C)  two molecules of citric acid. 
D)  six molecules of carbon dioxide. 
E)  two molecules of pyruvate. E

Question 3

The French biochemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur investigated the metabolism of yeast, which can survive under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. He observed that the yeast consumed sugar at a much faster rate under anaerobic conditions than they did under aerobic conditions. Explain this "Pasteur effect."

Accepted Answer

Under anaerobic conditions, fermentation is being used, producing only two ATP molecules per glucose molecule. Under aerobic conditions, cellular respiration is being used, producing 36 to 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. More glucose is thus required under anaerobic conditions to yield the same amount of ATP as is produced under aerobic conditions.

Question 4

Two possible end products of fermentation are _ _ (as is produced by our muscle cells under anaerobic conditions) and (as is produced by yeast under anaerobic conditions).

Accepted Answer

lactate; c

Question 5

How does a lack of oxygen affect energy availability in animals?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygen levels result in li

Question 6

Briefly compare and contrast the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide an

Question 7

is the process by which hydrogen ions move via a concentration gradient through ATP- synthesizing enzymes, resulting in the production of ATP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of is the process by which hydrogen ions...

Question 8

Yeast in a bottle of champagne produces _ and _ _.

Accepted Answer

ethanol; c

Question 9

Which of the following processes occurs across the mitochondrial membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis 
B)  The Krebs cycle 
C)  The ETC 
A)  Glycolysis 
B)  The Krebs cycle 
C)  The ETC

Question 10

The part of a mitochondrion that is analogous to the stroma of a chloroplast is the

Accepted Answer

A)  inner membrane. 
B)  outer membrane. 
C)  matrix. 
D)  thylakoids. 
E)  grana. 
A)  inner membrane. 
B)  outer membrane. 
C)  matrix. 
D)  thylakoids. 
E)  grana.

Question 11

If no oxygen is available to a cell, then the net ATP production resulting from the metabolism of a single glucose molecule is

Accepted Answer

A)  32 ATP molecules. 
B)  2 ATP molecules. 
C)  1 ATP molecule. 
D)  no ATP. 
E)  36 ATP molecules. 
A)  32 ATP molecules. 
B)  2 ATP molecules. 
C)  1 ATP molecule. 
D)  no ATP. 
E)  36 ATP molecules.

Question 12

Respiration rates are measured by the amount of oxygen per gram of tissue per hour. In a series of experiments, it was determined that a warm- blooded mouse requires 2.5 milliliters of O2 per gram of tissue per hour, whereas a cold- blooded crayfish requires 0.047 milliliter of O2 per gram of tissue per hour. Why is there such a dramatic difference in respiration rates between these animals?

Accepted Answer

Warm- blooded animals require

Question 13

The main function of cellular respiration is to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  CO2. 
D)  NADH and FADH2. 
A)  ATP. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  CO2. 
D)  NADH and FADH2.

Question 14

Which step produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis 
B)  The Krebs cycle 
C)  The ETC 
A)  Glycolysis 
B)  The Krebs cycle 
C)  The ETC

Question 15

In vertebrate animal cells, where does the synthesis of lactate occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitochondrial inner membranes 
B)  Fluid portion of the cytoplasm 
C)  Mitochondrial matrix 
D)  Nucleus 
E)  Surface of ribosomes 
A)  Mitochondrial inner membranes 
B)  Fluid portion of the cytoplasm 
C)  Mitochondrial matrix 
D)  Nucleus 
E)  Surface of ribosomes

Question 16

Cyanide poisoning occurs because cyanide inhibits an enzyme in the electron transport pathway. Which of the following is the reason why cyanide poisoning becomes deadly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen is reduced to water. 
B)  ATP is no longer produced by chemiosmosis. 
C)  Glycolysis stops. 
D)  Cells switch to anaerobic fermentation. 
A)  Oxygen is reduced to water. 
B)  ATP is no longer produced by chemiosmosis. 
C)  Glycolysis stops. 
D)  Cells switch to anaerobic fermentation.

Question 17

How many CO2 molecules are generated from each pyruvate molecule that enters the mitochondrial matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  One 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  Four 
E)  Five 
A)  One 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  Four 
E)  Five

Question 18

In the Krebs cycle, electron- carrier molecules are produced as a result of individual reactions. NAD+ is reduced as one chemical compound is converted to another EXCEPT during the conversion of

Accepted Answer

A)  isocitrate to a- ketoglutarate. 
B)  a- ketoglutarate to succinate. 
C)  malate to oxaloacetate. 
D)  succinate to fumarate. 
A)  isocitrate to a- ketoglutarate. 
B)  a- ketoglutarate to succinate. 
C)  malate to oxaloacetate. 
D)  succinate to fumarate.

Question 19

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  36 
B)  4 
C)  34 
D)  2 
E)  No ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis. 
A)  36 
B)  4 
C)  34 
D)  2 
E)  No ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis.

Question 20

is the first stage in glucose metabolism and does not require oxygen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of is the first stage in glucose metabolism...

Exam 8: Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

In human muscle cells, fermentation (by itself) produces

At the end of glycolysis, the original carbons of the glucose molecule form

Two possible end products of fermentation are _ _ (as is produced by our muscle cells under anaerobic conditions) and (as is produced by yeast under anaerobic conditions).

How does a lack of oxygen affect energy availability in animals?

Briefly compare and contrast the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

is the process by which hydrogen ions move via a concentration gradient through ATP- synthesizing enzymes, resulting in the production of ATP.

Yeast in a bottle of champagne produces _ and _ _.

Which of the following processes occurs across the mitochondrial membrane?

The part of a mitochondrion that is analogous to the stroma of a chloroplast is the

If no oxygen is available to a cell, then the net ATP production resulting from the metabolism of a single glucose molecule is

The main function of cellular respiration is to produce

Which step produces the most ATP?

In vertebrate animal cells, where does the synthesis of lactate occur?

Cyanide poisoning occurs because cyanide inhibits an enzyme in the electron transport pathway. Which of the following is the reason why cyanide poisoning becomes deadly?

How many CO2 molecules are generated from each pyruvate molecule that enters the mitochondrial matrix?

In the Krebs cycle, electron- carrier molecules are produced as a result of individual reactions. NAD+ is reduced as one chemical compound is converted to another EXCEPT during the conversion of

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule?

is the first stage in glucose metabolism and does not require oxygen.

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

Filters

How many CO₂ molecules are generated from each pyruvate molecule that enters the mitochondrial matrix?